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Stock Discrimination of Northern Pike Esox lucius L., 1758 Inhabiting Lakes Simenlik and Ladik (Samsun-Turkey) Using Otolith Biometry and Shape Analysis

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 192 - 202, 26.08.2022

Enes Hançer Melek Özpiçak , Semra Saygın , Aykut Aydın Savaş Yılmaz , Nazmi Polat

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.987514

Öz

This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between total length and otolith dimensions and to detect the otolith shape index values of Northern pike (Esox lucius) which has high economic value, sampled from Ladik and Simenlik Lakes. A total of 140 specimens (Lake Ladik: 82 individuals, Lake Simenlik: 58 individuals) were sampled. Otolith height, length, perimeter, and area were determined by Imaging Software. Nonlinear and linear models were applied to estimate the relationships between the otolith measurements and total length. Form factor, circularity, roundness, rectangularity, aspect ratio, and ellipticity were used for otolith shape analyses. It was found that the relationship between the total length-otolith length was found to have the highest r2 value (Lake Ladik r2=0.949, Lake Simenlik r2=0.914) among the total length-otolith morphometrics at both localities. Otolith shape indices were calculated by using otolith measurements. As a result of comparing shape indices, it was found that there was a significant difference in two localities using roundness, ellipticity, and aspect ratio (P <0.05). The results indicated otolith shape indices could be used as a suitable tool to discriminate Northern pike populations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Esox lucius otolith shape biometry Ladik Lake Simenlik Lake

Destekleyen Kurum

ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ PROJE YÖNETİM OFİSİ

Proje Numarası

PYO.FEN.1901.17.003

Teşekkür

This study was financially supported by Ondokuz Mayıs University (Project No: PYO.FEN.1901.17.003) and presented in Ecology 2018 International Symposium, 19-23 June 2018, Kastamonu-Turkey by oral presentation. We want to thank to Ondokuz Mayıs University Project Office.

Kaynakça

  • Afanasyev PK, Orlov AM, Rolsky AY. 2017. Otolith shape analysis as a tool for species identification and studying the population structure of different fish species. Bio Bull. 44(8): 952-959. doi:10.1134/S1062359017080027.
  • Agüera A, Brophy D. 2011. Use of sagittal otolith shape analysis to discriminate Northeast Atlantic and Western Mediterranean stocks of Atlantic saury, Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum). Fish Res. 110(3): 465-471. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2011.06.003.
  • Avigliano E, de Carvalho BM, Miller N, Gironde SC, Tombari A, Limburg K, Volpedo AV. 2019. Fin spine chemistry as a non-lethal alternative to otoliths for stock discrimination in an endangered catfish. Mar Ecol Prog. 614: 147-157. doi: 10.3354/meps12895.
  • Bacha M, Jeyid AM, Jaafour S, Yahyaoui A, Diop M, Amara R. 2016. Insights on stock structure of round sardinella aurita off north‐west Africa based on otolith shape analysis. J Fish Biol. 89: 4, 2153-2166. doi:10.1111/jfb.13117.
  • Bano F, Serajuddin M. 2021. Sulcus and outline morphometrics of sagittal otolith variability in freshwater fragmented populations of dwarf gourami, Trichogaster lalia (Hamilton, 1822). Limnologica. 125842. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2020.125842.
  • Battaglia P, Malara D, Romeo T, Andaloro F. 2010. Relationships between otolith size and fish size in some mesopelagic and bathypelagic species from the Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Messina, Italy). Sci. Mar. 74(3): 605–612. doi: 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3605.
  • Begg GA, Brown RW. 2000. Stock identification of Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus on Georges Bank based on otolith shape analysis. Trans of Am Fish Soc129: 335-345. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0935:SIOHMA>2.3.CO;2.
  • Bostanci D, Yedier S, Kontaş S, Kurucu G, Polat N. 2017. Regional variation of relationship between total length and otolith sizes in the three Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 populations, Turkey. Ege J Fish Aqua Sci. 34(1): 11-16. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.1.02.
  • Bostancı D, Yedier S. 2018. Discrimination of invasive fish Atherina boyeri (Pisces: Atherinidae) populations by evaluating the performance of otolith morphometrics in several lentic habitats. Fresen Environ Bull. 27(6): 4493-4501.
  • Bulatović I, Marić, D, Milošević D. 2021. Relationships between Otolith Dimensions and Body Length of Five Cyprinid Fish Species from Lake Skadar, Adriatic Catchment of Montenegro. Acta Zool. Bulg. (In press).
  • Campana SE, Thorrold SR. 2001. Otoliths, increments, and elements: keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations? Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 58: 30-38. doi: 10.1139/f00-177.
  • Cardinale M, Doering-Arjes P, Kastowsky M, Mosegaard H. 2004. Effects of sex stock and environment on the shape of known-age Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 61: 158-167. doi: 10.1139/f03-151.
  • Casselman JM. 1996. Age, growth and environmental requirements of pike. In: John C, editor. Pike: Biology and exploitation, Chapman & Hall, 69-101. doi: 10.1007/978-94-015-8775-4_4
  • Chen K, He D, Ding C, Jia Y, Chen Y. 2021. Evaluation of the Lapillar otolith shape as a tool for discrimination of stock of Naked Carp, Gymnocypris selincuoensis in the Tibetan Plateau. Pak J Zool. 1-13.
  • Craig JF. 2008. A short review of pike ecology. Hydrobiologia, 601: 5–16. doi: 10.1007/s10750-007-9262-3.
  • Duncan R, Brophy D, Arrizabalaga H. 2018. Otolith shape analysis as a tool for stock separation of albacore tuna feeding in the Northeast Atlantic. Fish Res, 200: 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2017.12.011.
  • Fey DP, Greszkiewicz M. 2021. Effects of temperature on somatic growth, otolith growth, and uncoupling in the otolith to fish size relationship of larval northern pike, Esox lucius L. Fish Res, 236: 105843. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105843.
  • Galley EA, Wright PJ, Gibb FM. 2006. Combined methods of otolith shape analysis improve identification of spawning areas of Atlantic Cod. ICES Mar Sc. 63: 1710-171. doi: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.06.014.
  • Ghanbarifardi M, Zarei R. 2021. Otolith shape analysis of three mudskipper species of Persian Gulf. Iran J Fish Sci. 20(2): 333-342. doi: 10.22092/ijfs.2021.123784.
  • Gierl C, Reichenbacher B. 2015. A new fossil genus of Gobiiformes from the Miocene characterized by a mosaic set of characters. Copeia, 103(4): 792-805. doi: 10.1643/CI-14-146.
  • Harvey JT, Loughlin TR, Perez MA, Oxman DS. 2000. Relationship between fish size and otolith length for 63 species of fishes from the Eastern North Pacific Ocean. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 150.
  • Harvey B. 2009. A biological synopsis of northern pike (Esox lucius). Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2885, 31, Canada.
  • Jawad LA, Park JM, Kwak SN, Ligas A. 2017. Study of the relationship between fish size and otolith size in four demersal species from the south-eastern Yellow Sea. Cahiers Biol. Mar. 58: 9–15. doi: 10.21411/CBM.A.645C2013.
  • Jemaa S, Bacha M, Khalaf G, Dessailly D, Rabhi K, Amara R. 2015. What can otolith shape analysis tell us about population structure of the European sardine, Sardina pilchardus, from Atlantic and Mediterranean waters?. J Sea Res. 96: 11-17. doi:10.1016/j.seares.2014.11.002.
  • Kanjuh T, Mrdak D, Piria M, Tomljanović T, Joksimović A, Talevski T, Milošević D. 2018. Relationships of otolith dimension with body length of European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) from Adriatic catchment of Montenegro. Acta Adriatica, 59(1): 91-96.
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Ladik ve Simenlik Gölleri’nde Yaşayan Turna Balığının Otolit Biyometrisi ve Şekil Analizleri Kullanılarak Stok Ayrımları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 192 - 202, 26.08.2022

Enes Hançer Melek Özpiçak , Semra Saygın , Aykut Aydın Savaş Yılmaz , Nazmi Polat

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.987514

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ladik ve Simenlik Gölleri’nden örneklenmiş ve ekonomik değeri oldukça yüksek olan turna balığının (Esox lucius) total boyu ve otolit özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve otolit şekil indeks değerlerini saptamak için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplamda 140 örnek (Ladik Gölü: 82 birey, Simenlik Gölü: 58 birey) örneklenmiştir. Otolit eni, boyu, çevresi ve alanı görüntü analiz programı ile belirlenmiştir. Otolit ölçümleri ve balık total boyu arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan ilişkilerden faydalanılmıştır. Otolit şekil analizleri için Şekil Faktörü, Yuvarlaklık, Dairesellik, Dikdörtgensellik, En-Boy Oranı ve Eliptiklik parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Her iki lokalite için de otolit ölçümleri ve balık boyu arasındaki ilişkilerde otolit boyunun en yüksek r2 değerine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur (Ladik Gölü r2=0,949, Simenlik Gölü r2=0,914). Otolit şekil indeksleri otolit ölçümleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Şekil indekslerinin lokaliteler arasında karşılaştırma sonuçlarına göre, Yuvarlaklık, Eliptiklik ve En-Boy Oranı parametrelerinin önemli derecede farklı olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, turna popülasyonlarının ayrım için otolit şekil indekslerinin kullanışlı bir araç olduğunu belirtmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Esox lucius otolit şekli biyometri Ladik Gölü Simenlik Gölü

Proje Numarası

PYO.FEN.1901.17.003

Kaynakça

  • Afanasyev PK, Orlov AM, Rolsky AY. 2017. Otolith shape analysis as a tool for species identification and studying the population structure of different fish species. Bio Bull. 44(8): 952-959. doi:10.1134/S1062359017080027.
  • Agüera A, Brophy D. 2011. Use of sagittal otolith shape analysis to discriminate Northeast Atlantic and Western Mediterranean stocks of Atlantic saury, Scomberesox saurus saurus (Walbaum). Fish Res. 110(3): 465-471. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2011.06.003.
  • Avigliano E, de Carvalho BM, Miller N, Gironde SC, Tombari A, Limburg K, Volpedo AV. 2019. Fin spine chemistry as a non-lethal alternative to otoliths for stock discrimination in an endangered catfish. Mar Ecol Prog. 614: 147-157. doi: 10.3354/meps12895.
  • Bacha M, Jeyid AM, Jaafour S, Yahyaoui A, Diop M, Amara R. 2016. Insights on stock structure of round sardinella aurita off north‐west Africa based on otolith shape analysis. J Fish Biol. 89: 4, 2153-2166. doi:10.1111/jfb.13117.
  • Bano F, Serajuddin M. 2021. Sulcus and outline morphometrics of sagittal otolith variability in freshwater fragmented populations of dwarf gourami, Trichogaster lalia (Hamilton, 1822). Limnologica. 125842. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2020.125842.
  • Battaglia P, Malara D, Romeo T, Andaloro F. 2010. Relationships between otolith size and fish size in some mesopelagic and bathypelagic species from the Mediterranean Sea (Strait of Messina, Italy). Sci. Mar. 74(3): 605–612. doi: 10.3989/scimar.2010.74n3605.
  • Begg GA, Brown RW. 2000. Stock identification of Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus on Georges Bank based on otolith shape analysis. Trans of Am Fish Soc129: 335-345. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(2000)129<0935:SIOHMA>2.3.CO;2.
  • Bostanci D, Yedier S, Kontaş S, Kurucu G, Polat N. 2017. Regional variation of relationship between total length and otolith sizes in the three Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 populations, Turkey. Ege J Fish Aqua Sci. 34(1): 11-16. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.1.02.
  • Bostancı D, Yedier S. 2018. Discrimination of invasive fish Atherina boyeri (Pisces: Atherinidae) populations by evaluating the performance of otolith morphometrics in several lentic habitats. Fresen Environ Bull. 27(6): 4493-4501.
  • Bulatović I, Marić, D, Milošević D. 2021. Relationships between Otolith Dimensions and Body Length of Five Cyprinid Fish Species from Lake Skadar, Adriatic Catchment of Montenegro. Acta Zool. Bulg. (In press).
  • Campana SE, Thorrold SR. 2001. Otoliths, increments, and elements: keys to a comprehensive understanding of fish populations? Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 58: 30-38. doi: 10.1139/f00-177.
  • Cardinale M, Doering-Arjes P, Kastowsky M, Mosegaard H. 2004. Effects of sex stock and environment on the shape of known-age Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) otoliths. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 61: 158-167. doi: 10.1139/f03-151.
  • Casselman JM. 1996. Age, growth and environmental requirements of pike. In: John C, editor. Pike: Biology and exploitation, Chapman & Hall, 69-101. doi: 10.1007/978-94-015-8775-4_4
  • Chen K, He D, Ding C, Jia Y, Chen Y. 2021. Evaluation of the Lapillar otolith shape as a tool for discrimination of stock of Naked Carp, Gymnocypris selincuoensis in the Tibetan Plateau. Pak J Zool. 1-13.
  • Craig JF. 2008. A short review of pike ecology. Hydrobiologia, 601: 5–16. doi: 10.1007/s10750-007-9262-3.
  • Duncan R, Brophy D, Arrizabalaga H. 2018. Otolith shape analysis as a tool for stock separation of albacore tuna feeding in the Northeast Atlantic. Fish Res, 200: 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2017.12.011.
  • Fey DP, Greszkiewicz M. 2021. Effects of temperature on somatic growth, otolith growth, and uncoupling in the otolith to fish size relationship of larval northern pike, Esox lucius L. Fish Res, 236: 105843. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2020.105843.
  • Galley EA, Wright PJ, Gibb FM. 2006. Combined methods of otolith shape analysis improve identification of spawning areas of Atlantic Cod. ICES Mar Sc. 63: 1710-171. doi: 10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.06.014.
  • Ghanbarifardi M, Zarei R. 2021. Otolith shape analysis of three mudskipper species of Persian Gulf. Iran J Fish Sci. 20(2): 333-342. doi: 10.22092/ijfs.2021.123784.
  • Gierl C, Reichenbacher B. 2015. A new fossil genus of Gobiiformes from the Miocene characterized by a mosaic set of characters. Copeia, 103(4): 792-805. doi: 10.1643/CI-14-146.
  • Harvey JT, Loughlin TR, Perez MA, Oxman DS. 2000. Relationship between fish size and otolith length for 63 species of fishes from the Eastern North Pacific Ocean. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 150.
  • Harvey B. 2009. A biological synopsis of northern pike (Esox lucius). Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2885, 31, Canada.
  • Jawad LA, Park JM, Kwak SN, Ligas A. 2017. Study of the relationship between fish size and otolith size in four demersal species from the south-eastern Yellow Sea. Cahiers Biol. Mar. 58: 9–15. doi: 10.21411/CBM.A.645C2013.
  • Jemaa S, Bacha M, Khalaf G, Dessailly D, Rabhi K, Amara R. 2015. What can otolith shape analysis tell us about population structure of the European sardine, Sardina pilchardus, from Atlantic and Mediterranean waters?. J Sea Res. 96: 11-17. doi:10.1016/j.seares.2014.11.002.
  • Kanjuh T, Mrdak D, Piria M, Tomljanović T, Joksimović A, Talevski T, Milošević D. 2018. Relationships of otolith dimension with body length of European eel Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758) from Adriatic catchment of Montenegro. Acta Adriatica, 59(1): 91-96.
  • Karás, P, Lehtonen H. 1993. Patterns of movement and migration of pike (Esox lucius L.) in the Baltic Sea. Nordic J Fresh Res, 68: 72-79.
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  • Ozpicak M. 2020. Otolith shape and characteristics as a morphological approach to the stock identification in Barbus tauricus (Cyprinidae). Journal of Ichthyology 60: 716-724.
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  • Ponton D. 2006. Is geometric morphometrics efficient for comparing otolith shape of different fish species?. Journal of Morphology, 267(6): 750-757. doi:10.1002/jmor.10439.
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  • Renán X, Montero-Muñoz J, Garza-Pérez JR, Brulé T. 2016. Age and stock analysis using otolith shape in Gags from the Southern Gulf of Mexico. T Am Fish Soc 145(6): 1252-1265. doi: 10.1080/00028487.2016.1217928.
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  • Saygin S, Özpiçak M, Yilmaz S, Polat N. 2020. Otolith shape analysis and the relationships between otolith dimensions–total length of European Bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Cyprinidae) sampled from Samsun Province, Turkey. Journal of Ichthyology, 60: 570-577. doi: 10.1134/S0032945220040190.
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  • Sunde J, Yıldırım Y, Tibblin P, Forsman A. 2020. Comparing the performance of microsatellites and RAD seq in population genetic studies: analysis of data for pike (Esox lucius) and a synthesis of previous studies Frontiers in genetics, 11, 218. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00218.
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  • Yedier S. 2021. Otolith shape analysis and relationships between total length and otolith dimensions of European barracuda, Sphyraena sphyraena in the Mediterranean Sea. Iran J Fish Sci. 20(4): 1080-1096. doi: 10.22092/ijfs.2021.124429.
  • Yilmaz S, Emiroğlu Ö, Aksu S, Başkurt S, Polat N. 2019. Relationships between otolith dimensions and body growth of North African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the upper basin of the Sakarya River, Turkey. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 77: 57-62. doi: 10.2478/cjf-2019-0006.
  • Yilmaz S, Yazicioğlu O, Yazici R, Polat N. 2015. Relationships between fish length and otolith size for five cyprinid species from Lake Ladik, Samsun, Turkey. Turk J Zool. 39(3): 438-446. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1403-58.
  • Zan XX, Zhang C, Xu BD, Zhang CL. 2015. Relationships between fish size and otolith measurements for 33 fish species caught by bottom trawl in Haizhou Bay, China. J Applied Ichthyol. 31(3): 544-548. doi: 10.1111/jai.12751.
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  • Zengin M, Saygin S, Polat N. 2015. Otolith shape analysis and dimensions of the anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus L. in the Black and Marmara Seas. Sains Malaysiana 44(1): 657-662. doi: 10.17576/jsm-2015-4405-03.
  • Zengin Ozpiçak M, Saygin S, Aydın A, Hancer E, Yilmaz S, Polat N. 2018. The relationships between otolith dimensions-total length of chub (Squalius cephalus, L. 1758) sampled from a few inland waters of the Middle Black Sea region. Limnofish, 4(1): 17–24. doi: 10.17216/LimnoFish.342524.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Limnoloji, Balıkçılık Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Enes Hançer 0000-0001-8688-4588

Melek Özpiçak 0000-0003-3506-4242

Semra Saygın 0000-0002-3249-5074

Aykut Aydın 0000-0001-5222-0353

Savaş Yılmaz 0000-0003-2859-4886

Nazmi Polat 0000-0001-9785-9927

Proje Numarası PYO.FEN.1901.17.003
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Hançer, E., Özpiçak, M., Saygın, S., Aydın, A., vd. (2022). Stock Discrimination of Northern Pike Esox lucius L., 1758 Inhabiting Lakes Simenlik and Ladik (Samsun-Turkey) Using Otolith Biometry and Shape Analysis. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 8(2), 192-202. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.987514