Araştırma Makalesi
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Sazan (Cyrpinus carpio), Sudak (Sander lucioperca), Gümüşi Havuz Balığı (Carassius gibelio) ve Kerevit (Astacus leptodactylus) Örneklerinde Serum Lizozim Aktivitelerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 111 - 119, 27.08.2020

Cafer Bulut , Ayşegül Kubilay

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.548527

Öz

Bu çalışmada, ilkbahar ve sonbahar dönemlerinde üç farklı bölgeden elde edilen sazan (Cyprinus carpio), sudak (Sander lucioperca), gümüşi havuz balığı (Carassius gibelio) ve kerevit (Astacus leptodactylus) örneklerinde diffüzyon agar metodu kullanılarak serum lizozim aktiviteleri incelenmiştir. Lizozim aktivitesi en yüksek seviyede sudak balıklarında, ardından sırayla sazan, gümüşi havuz balığı ve kerevit örneklerinde bulunmuştur. Sazan, gümüşi havuz balığı ve kerevit arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken sudak balıkları ve diğer türler arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Sazan, gümüşi havuz balığı ve kerevitlerde ilkbahar ve sonbahar dönemleri arasında serum lizozim düzeylerinde fark anlamlı bulunurken (p<0,05), sudak balıklarında mevsimler arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar, sucul ekosistemindeki farklı türlerin doğuştan gelen bağışıklık sistemindeki lizozim aktivitesinin farklı olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal bağışıklık stres mevsimsel değişim difüzyon agar metodu su ürünleri

Kaynakça

  • Balfry SK, Shariff M, Iwama GK. 1997. Strain differences in non-specific immunity of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Dis Aquat Organ. 30:77-80. doi: 10.3354/dao030077
  • Balfry S, Iwama GK. 2004. Observation on the inherent variability omeasuring lysozyme activity in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Comp Biochem Phys B. 138(3):207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2003.12.010
  • Boman HG. 1991. Antibacterial peptides-key components needed in immunity. Cell. 65(2):205-207. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90154-q
  • Bowden TJ. 2008. Modulation of the immune system of fish by their environment. Fish Shellfish Immun. 25(4):373-383. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.03.017
  • Bulut C, Kubilay A. 2010. Farklı İşletmelerdeki Gökkusağı Alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Lizozim Aktivitelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 14(2):134-143.
  • Bulut C. Kubilay A, Akçimen U, Ceylan M. 2012. Formaldehit (CH2O)’in Farklı Konsantrasyonlarının Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Kortizol, Glikoz ve Lizozim Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 6 (4): 321-330. doi: 10.3153/jfscom.akdeniz006
  • Cerenius L, Söderhäll K. 2018. Crayfish immunity - Recent findings. Dev Comp Immunol. 80:94-98. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.010
  • Cnaani A. Tinman S, Avidar Y, Ron M, Hulata G. 2004. Comparative study of biochemical parameters in response to stress in Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis mossambicus and two strains of Oreochromis niloticus. Aquac Res. 35(15):1434-1440. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01167.x
  • Demers NE, Bayne CJ. 1997. The immediate effects of stress on hormones and plasma lysozyme in rainbow trout. Dev Comp Immunol. 21(4):363-373. doi: 10.1016/S0145-305X(97)00009-8
  • Edwards EA, Twomey K. 1982. Habitat suitability index models: Common carp. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service 38 p.
  • Ellis AE. 1996. Lysozyme assay. In: Stolen JS, Fletcher TC, Anderson DP, Roberson BS, Mulswink, WB, editors. Techniques in fish immunology. Fair Haven, USA: SOS Publications. p. 101-105.
  • Fast MD, Sims DE, Burka JF, Mustafa A, Ross NW. 2002. Skin morphology and humoral non-specific defence parameters of mucus and plasma in rainbow trout, coho and Atlantic salmon. Comp Biochem Phys A. 132(3):645-657. doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00109-5
  • Fevolden SE, Refstie T, Røed KH. 1991. Selection for high and low cortisol stress response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. 95(1-2):53-65. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90072-F
  • Fevolden SE, Refstie T, Røed KH. 1992. Disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for stress response. Aquaculture. 104(1-2):19-29. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90134-7
  • Fevolden SE, Røed KH. 1993. Cortisol and immune characteristics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for high or low tolerance to stress. J Fish Biol. 43(6):919-930. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01166.x
  • Fevolden SE, Røed KH, Fjalestad KT, Stien J. 1999. Poststress levels of lysozyme and cortisol in adult rainbow trout: heritabilities and genetic correlations. J Fish Biol. 54(4):900-910. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb02040.x
  • Fevolden SE, Røed KH, Fjalestad KT. 2002. Selection response of cortisol and lysozyme in rainbow trout and correlation to growth. Aquaculture. 205(1-2):61-75. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00660-3
  • Fletcher TC, White A. 1973. Lysozyme activity in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.). Experientia. 29:1283-1285. doi: 10.1007/BF01935119
  • Fletcher TC, White A, Baldo BA. 1977. C-reactive protein-like precipitin and lysozyme in the lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus L. during the breeding season. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry. 57(4):353-357. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(77)90066-9
  • Grinde B, Jollès J, Jollès P. 1988. Purification and characterization of two lysozymes from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Eur J Biochem. 173(2):269-273. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13994.x
  • Grinde B. 1989. Lysozyme from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as an antibacterial agent against fish pathogens. J Fish Dis. 12(2):95-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00281.x
  • Hoffmann JA, Hoffmann D. 1990. The inducible antibacterial peptides of dipteran insects. Res Immunol. 141(9):910-918. doi: 10.1016/0923-2494(90)90192-2
  • Ingram GA. 1980. Substances involved in the natural resistance of fish to infection - A review. J Fish Biol. 16(1):23-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb03685.x
  • Jollès P, Jollès J. 1984. What’s new in lysozyme research? Always a model system, today as yesterday. Mol Cell Biochem. 63:165-189. doi: 10.1007/BF00285225
  • Karaarslan G, Kabak T, Çakır B, Kubilay A. 2007. Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’nın iç organ, kan serumu ve döllenmiş yumurtalarında lizozim aktivitesi. Paper presented at: IV. Ulusal Su Günleri; Antalya, Turkey.
  • Kubilay A, Uluköy G. 2002. The Effects of Acut Stress on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turk J Zool. 26(2):249-254.
  • Lie Q, Evensen Q, Sørensen A, Frøysadal E. 1989. Study on lysozyme activity in some fish species, Dis Aquat Organ. 6:1-5. doi: 10.3354/dao006001
  • Lund T, Gjedrem T, Bentsen HB, Eide DM, Larsen HJS, Røed KH. 1995. Genetic variation in immune parameters and associations to survival in Atlantic salmon. J Fish Biol. 46(5):748-758. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01598.x
  • Magnadottir B, Lange S, Gudmundsdottir S, Bøgald J, Dalmo RA. 2005. Ontogeny of humoral immune parameters in fish. Fish Shellfish Immun. 19(5):429-439. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.03.010
  • Möck A, Peters G. 1990. Lysozyme activity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), stressed by handling, taransport, and water pollution. J Fish Biol. 37(6):873-885. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb03591.x
  • Murray CK, Fletcher TC. 1976. The immunohistochemical localization of lysozyme in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) tissue. J Fish Biol. 9(4):329-334. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb04681.x
  • Pankhurst NW. 2011. The endocrinology of stress in fish: an environmental perspective. Gen Comp Endocr. 170(2):265-275. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.017
  • Pickering AD. 1974. The distribution of mucus cells in the epidermis of the brown trout Salmo trutta (L.) and the char Salvelinus alpinus (L). J Fish Biol. 6(2):111-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04531.x
  • Røed KH, Fjalestad KT, Stromsheim A. 1993. Genetic variation in lysozyme activity and spontaneous haemoltic activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture. 114(1-2):19-31. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90247-V
  • Røed, KH, Fevolden SE, Fjalestad KT. 2003. Disease resistance and immune characteristics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for lysozyme activity. Aquaculture. 209(1-4): 91-101. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00810-9
  • Saurabh S, Sahoo PK. 2008. Lysozyme: an important defence molecule of fish innate immune system. Aquac Res. 39(3):223-239. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01883.x
  • Sotelo-Mundo RR, Islas-Osuna MA, de-la-Re-Vega E, Hernández-López J, Vargas-Albores F, Yepiz-Plascencia G. 2003. cDNA cloning of the lysozyme of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immun. 15(4):325-331. doi: 10.1016/S1050-4648(02)00176-6
  • Spitzer RH, Koch EA. 1998. Hagfish skin and slime glands. In: Jørgensen JM, Lomholt JM, Weber RE, Malte H, editors. The Biology of Hagfishes. London: Springer Netherlands. p. 109-32.
  • Subramanian S, MacKinnon SL, Ross NW. 2007. A comparative study on innate immune parameters in the epidermal mucus of various fish species. Comp Biochem Phys B. 148(3):256-263. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.06.003
  • Sunyer JO, Tort L. 1995. Natural hemolytic and bactericidal activities of sea bream Sparus aurata serum are effected by the alternative complement pathway. Vet Immunol Immunop. 45(3-4):333-345. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05430-Z
  • Takahashi K, Mori K, Nomura T. 1986. Occurrence and characterization of lysozyme from marine bivalves. B Jpn Soc Sci Fish. 52(5):863-868. doi: 10.2331/suisan.52.863
  • Takemura A, Takano K. 1995. Lysozyme in the ovary of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): its purification and some biological properties. Fish Physiol Biochem. 14:415-421. doi: 10.1007/BF00003379
  • Tort L. 2011. Hormonal responses to stress | Impact of stress in health and reproduction. Reference Module in Life Sciences Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology. 2:1541-1552. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00191-X
  • Tort L, Rotllant J, Liarte C, Acerete L, Hernandez A, Ceulemans S, Coutteau P, Padros F. 2004. Effects of temperature decrease on feeding rates, immune indicators and histopathological changes of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata fed with an experimental diet. Aquaculture. 229(1-4):55-65. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00403-4
  • Yousif AN, Albright LJ, Evelyn TPT. 1991. Occurrence of lysozyme in the eggs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Dis Aquat Organ. 10:45-49. doi: 10.3354/dao010045
  • Yousif OM, Alhadrami GA, Pessarakli M. 1994. Evaluation of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L.). Aquaculture. 129(3-4):341-347. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90050-7

Comparative Studies on Serum Lysozyme Activities of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio) and Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 111 - 119, 27.08.2020

Cafer Bulut , Ayşegül Kubilay

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.548527

Öz

In this study, serum lysozyme activity was studied by the agar well diffusion assay in various species of fish (common carp, Cyprinus carpio, pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, prussian carp, Carassius gibelio) and crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) obtained from three different regions in spring and autumn in 2013. The highest levels of lysozyme activity were found in pikeperch fish, followed by common carp, prussian carp, and crayfish, respectively. There was no significant difference between common carp, prussian carp, and crayfish, but it was found a significant between pikeperch fish and the other species (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of serum lysozyme levels between spring and autumn in common carp, prussian carp and crayfish (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between seasons in pikeperch fish. These results showed different of the lysozyme activity in the fish innate immune system in the aquatic ecosystem of different species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

innate immunite stress seasonal variation agar well diffusion assay fisheries

Kaynakça

  • Balfry SK, Shariff M, Iwama GK. 1997. Strain differences in non-specific immunity of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus following challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Dis Aquat Organ. 30:77-80. doi: 10.3354/dao030077
  • Balfry S, Iwama GK. 2004. Observation on the inherent variability omeasuring lysozyme activity in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Comp Biochem Phys B. 138(3):207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2003.12.010
  • Boman HG. 1991. Antibacterial peptides-key components needed in immunity. Cell. 65(2):205-207. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90154-q
  • Bowden TJ. 2008. Modulation of the immune system of fish by their environment. Fish Shellfish Immun. 25(4):373-383. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.03.017
  • Bulut C, Kubilay A. 2010. Farklı İşletmelerdeki Gökkusağı Alabalıklarının (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Lizozim Aktivitelerinin Karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 14(2):134-143.
  • Bulut C. Kubilay A, Akçimen U, Ceylan M. 2012. Formaldehit (CH2O)’in Farklı Konsantrasyonlarının Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Kortizol, Glikoz ve Lizozim Aktivitesi Üzerine Etkileri. Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 6 (4): 321-330. doi: 10.3153/jfscom.akdeniz006
  • Cerenius L, Söderhäll K. 2018. Crayfish immunity - Recent findings. Dev Comp Immunol. 80:94-98. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.010
  • Cnaani A. Tinman S, Avidar Y, Ron M, Hulata G. 2004. Comparative study of biochemical parameters in response to stress in Oreochromis aureus, Oreochromis mossambicus and two strains of Oreochromis niloticus. Aquac Res. 35(15):1434-1440. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01167.x
  • Demers NE, Bayne CJ. 1997. The immediate effects of stress on hormones and plasma lysozyme in rainbow trout. Dev Comp Immunol. 21(4):363-373. doi: 10.1016/S0145-305X(97)00009-8
  • Edwards EA, Twomey K. 1982. Habitat suitability index models: Common carp. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service 38 p.
  • Ellis AE. 1996. Lysozyme assay. In: Stolen JS, Fletcher TC, Anderson DP, Roberson BS, Mulswink, WB, editors. Techniques in fish immunology. Fair Haven, USA: SOS Publications. p. 101-105.
  • Fast MD, Sims DE, Burka JF, Mustafa A, Ross NW. 2002. Skin morphology and humoral non-specific defence parameters of mucus and plasma in rainbow trout, coho and Atlantic salmon. Comp Biochem Phys A. 132(3):645-657. doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00109-5
  • Fevolden SE, Refstie T, Røed KH. 1991. Selection for high and low cortisol stress response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. 95(1-2):53-65. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90072-F
  • Fevolden SE, Refstie T, Røed KH. 1992. Disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for stress response. Aquaculture. 104(1-2):19-29. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90134-7
  • Fevolden SE, Røed KH. 1993. Cortisol and immune characteristics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for high or low tolerance to stress. J Fish Biol. 43(6):919-930. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb01166.x
  • Fevolden SE, Røed KH, Fjalestad KT, Stien J. 1999. Poststress levels of lysozyme and cortisol in adult rainbow trout: heritabilities and genetic correlations. J Fish Biol. 54(4):900-910. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb02040.x
  • Fevolden SE, Røed KH, Fjalestad KT. 2002. Selection response of cortisol and lysozyme in rainbow trout and correlation to growth. Aquaculture. 205(1-2):61-75. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00660-3
  • Fletcher TC, White A. 1973. Lysozyme activity in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.). Experientia. 29:1283-1285. doi: 10.1007/BF01935119
  • Fletcher TC, White A, Baldo BA. 1977. C-reactive protein-like precipitin and lysozyme in the lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus L. during the breeding season. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry. 57(4):353-357. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(77)90066-9
  • Grinde B, Jollès J, Jollès P. 1988. Purification and characterization of two lysozymes from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Eur J Biochem. 173(2):269-273. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13994.x
  • Grinde B. 1989. Lysozyme from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as an antibacterial agent against fish pathogens. J Fish Dis. 12(2):95-104. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1989.tb00281.x
  • Hoffmann JA, Hoffmann D. 1990. The inducible antibacterial peptides of dipteran insects. Res Immunol. 141(9):910-918. doi: 10.1016/0923-2494(90)90192-2
  • Ingram GA. 1980. Substances involved in the natural resistance of fish to infection - A review. J Fish Biol. 16(1):23-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb03685.x
  • Jollès P, Jollès J. 1984. What’s new in lysozyme research? Always a model system, today as yesterday. Mol Cell Biochem. 63:165-189. doi: 10.1007/BF00285225
  • Karaarslan G, Kabak T, Çakır B, Kubilay A. 2007. Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’nın iç organ, kan serumu ve döllenmiş yumurtalarında lizozim aktivitesi. Paper presented at: IV. Ulusal Su Günleri; Antalya, Turkey.
  • Kubilay A, Uluköy G. 2002. The Effects of Acut Stress on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Turk J Zool. 26(2):249-254.
  • Lie Q, Evensen Q, Sørensen A, Frøysadal E. 1989. Study on lysozyme activity in some fish species, Dis Aquat Organ. 6:1-5. doi: 10.3354/dao006001
  • Lund T, Gjedrem T, Bentsen HB, Eide DM, Larsen HJS, Røed KH. 1995. Genetic variation in immune parameters and associations to survival in Atlantic salmon. J Fish Biol. 46(5):748-758. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01598.x
  • Magnadottir B, Lange S, Gudmundsdottir S, Bøgald J, Dalmo RA. 2005. Ontogeny of humoral immune parameters in fish. Fish Shellfish Immun. 19(5):429-439. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.03.010
  • Möck A, Peters G. 1990. Lysozyme activity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), stressed by handling, taransport, and water pollution. J Fish Biol. 37(6):873-885. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb03591.x
  • Murray CK, Fletcher TC. 1976. The immunohistochemical localization of lysozyme in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) tissue. J Fish Biol. 9(4):329-334. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb04681.x
  • Pankhurst NW. 2011. The endocrinology of stress in fish: an environmental perspective. Gen Comp Endocr. 170(2):265-275. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.07.017
  • Pickering AD. 1974. The distribution of mucus cells in the epidermis of the brown trout Salmo trutta (L.) and the char Salvelinus alpinus (L). J Fish Biol. 6(2):111-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1974.tb04531.x
  • Røed KH, Fjalestad KT, Stromsheim A. 1993. Genetic variation in lysozyme activity and spontaneous haemoltic activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture. 114(1-2):19-31. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90247-V
  • Røed, KH, Fevolden SE, Fjalestad KT. 2003. Disease resistance and immune characteristics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for lysozyme activity. Aquaculture. 209(1-4): 91-101. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00810-9
  • Saurabh S, Sahoo PK. 2008. Lysozyme: an important defence molecule of fish innate immune system. Aquac Res. 39(3):223-239. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01883.x
  • Sotelo-Mundo RR, Islas-Osuna MA, de-la-Re-Vega E, Hernández-López J, Vargas-Albores F, Yepiz-Plascencia G. 2003. cDNA cloning of the lysozyme of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immun. 15(4):325-331. doi: 10.1016/S1050-4648(02)00176-6
  • Spitzer RH, Koch EA. 1998. Hagfish skin and slime glands. In: Jørgensen JM, Lomholt JM, Weber RE, Malte H, editors. The Biology of Hagfishes. London: Springer Netherlands. p. 109-32.
  • Subramanian S, MacKinnon SL, Ross NW. 2007. A comparative study on innate immune parameters in the epidermal mucus of various fish species. Comp Biochem Phys B. 148(3):256-263. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.06.003
  • Sunyer JO, Tort L. 1995. Natural hemolytic and bactericidal activities of sea bream Sparus aurata serum are effected by the alternative complement pathway. Vet Immunol Immunop. 45(3-4):333-345. doi: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)05430-Z
  • Takahashi K, Mori K, Nomura T. 1986. Occurrence and characterization of lysozyme from marine bivalves. B Jpn Soc Sci Fish. 52(5):863-868. doi: 10.2331/suisan.52.863
  • Takemura A, Takano K. 1995. Lysozyme in the ovary of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus): its purification and some biological properties. Fish Physiol Biochem. 14:415-421. doi: 10.1007/BF00003379
  • Tort L. 2011. Hormonal responses to stress | Impact of stress in health and reproduction. Reference Module in Life Sciences Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology. 2:1541-1552. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00191-X
  • Tort L, Rotllant J, Liarte C, Acerete L, Hernandez A, Ceulemans S, Coutteau P, Padros F. 2004. Effects of temperature decrease on feeding rates, immune indicators and histopathological changes of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata fed with an experimental diet. Aquaculture. 229(1-4):55-65. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00403-4
  • Yousif AN, Albright LJ, Evelyn TPT. 1991. Occurrence of lysozyme in the eggs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Dis Aquat Organ. 10:45-49. doi: 10.3354/dao010045
  • Yousif OM, Alhadrami GA, Pessarakli M. 1994. Evaluation of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L.). Aquaculture. 129(3-4):341-347. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(94)90050-7
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Limnoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Cafer Bulut 0000-0002-5525-170X

Ayşegül Kubilay 0000-0002-6043-2599

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulut, C., & Kubilay, A. (2020). Comparative Studies on Serum Lysozyme Activities of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio) and Crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 6(2), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.548527