Öz
Zooplankton miktarı ve dağılımı sucul ekosistemlerde besin ağını etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki Bafa Gölü'nün su kalitesini zooplankton topluluklarını baz alarak belirlemektir. Çalışma alanı olarak Bafa Gölü, Türkiye'nin en büyük göllerinden biri olmakla birlikte göl biyolojik çeşitlilik açısından oldukça zengindir. Bafa Gölü, Büyük Menderes Nehri tarafından taşınarak gölde ekolojinin bozulmasına neden olan evsel, tarımsal ve endüstriyel atıkların etkisi altındadır. Bu amaçla 8 örnekleme alanı belirlenmiş ve zooplankton örnekleri iki yıl boyunca aylık olarak toplanmıştır. Bafa Gölü'nün su kalitesini ve ekolojik durumunu belirlemek için TSINRot indeksi ve çeşitlilik indekslerinin çeşitli versiyonları kullanılmıştır. İstasyonlar arasındaki benzerlikleri belirlemek için, istasyonlar zooplankton faunası temelli UPGMA kullanılarak kümelendirilmiştir. Pearson Korelasyonu uygulanarak, zooplankton faunasına dayalı indeksler arasındaki korelasyonlar değerlendirilmiştir. Toplanan zooplanktonik organizmaların tanımlanmasıyla Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda ve Meroplankton gruplarına ait toplam 73 takson tespit edilmiştir. Benzerlik analizi sonucunda, en yüksek benzerlik değerleri sırasıyla 1., 2. ve 8. istasyonları arasında elde edilmiştir. TSINRot indeksine göre, Bafa Gölü ötrofik ekolojik duruma sahipken, çeşitlilik indekslerinin tüm versiyonlarına göre, Bafa Gölü α-β mezosaprobik ekolojik duruma sahiptir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bafa Gölü Zooplankton Su Kalitesi Trofik Durum İndeksi Çeşitlilik İndeksleri
Destekleyen Kurum
TUBİTAK
Proje Numarası
114Y249
Teşekkür
Araştırmacılar verdiği destekten ötürü Tubitak'ğa teşekkür etmektedir.
Kaynakça
- Altındağ A, Yiğit S. 2004. The zooplankton fauna and seasonal distribution Beyşehir Lake. Gazi Journal of Educational Science. 24(3):217-225.
- Apaydın Yağcı M, Ustaoğlu MR. 2012. Zooplankton fauna of Lake İznik (Bursa, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 36(3):341-350.
- Balık S. 1995. Freshwater Fish in Anatolia, Turkey. Biological Conservation. 72(2):213–223. doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(94)00084-4
- Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR. 1989. Bafa Gölündeki Ulubat Balığı (Acanthobrama mirabilis Ladiges, 1960)’nın biyoekolojik ve ekonomik yönlerden incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 13(3):141-174.
- Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR, Sarı HM. 1992. Bafa Gölü (Söke-Aydın) Kababurun (Chondrostoma nasus L., 1758) Populasyonunun Biyolojik Özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Paper presented at: Fırat Universitesi XI. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi; Elazıg, Turkey. [in Turkish]
- Caroni R, Irvine K. 2010. The potential of zooplankton communities for ecological assessment of lakes: redundant concept or political oversight. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 110B(1):35-53. doi: 10.3318/BIOE.2010.110.1.35
- Davidson T, Bennion AH, Jeppesen E, Clarke GH, Sayer C. 2011. The role of cladocerans in tracking long-term change in shallow lake trophic status. Hydrobiologia. 676:299-315. doi: 10.1007/s10750-011-0851-9
- De-Carli B, Bressane PA, Longo RM, Manzi-Decarli A, Moschini-Carlos V, Pompêo ML. 2019. Development of a zooplankton biotic index for trophic state prediction in tropical reservoirs. Limnetica. 38(1):303-316. doi: 10.23818/limn.38.21
- Dirican S, Musul H. 2008. Çamlıgöze baraj gölü (Sivas-TÜRKİYE) zooplankton faunası üzerine bir çalışma. Sakarya University Journal of Science. 12(1):17-21.
- Dorak Z, Köker L, Gaygusuz Ö, Gürevin C, Akçaalan R. 2019. Zooplankton biodiversity in reservoirs of different geographical region of Turkey: Compositionand distribution related with some environmental conditions. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering. 34(1):29-38. doi: 10.26650/ASE2019522326
- Edmondson WT. 1959a. Methods and Equipment in Freshwater Biology. 2nd JohnWiley & Sons Inc., 420-494p.
- Edmondson WT. 1959b. Freshwater Biology. 2nd JohnWiley & Sons Inc., 587-656p.
- Ejsmont-Karabın J. 2012. The usefulness of zooplankton as lake ecosystem indicators: Rotifer Trophic Index. Polish Journal of Ecology. 60(2):339-350.
- Gamito S. 2010. Caution is needed when applying margalef diversity index. Ecological Indicators. 10(2):550-551. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.006
- Ghosh D, Bıswas JK. 2005. Macroinvertebrate diversity indices: a quantitative bioassessment of ecological health status of an Oxbow Lake in Eastern India. Journal of Advances in Enviromental Health Research. 3(2):78-90. doi: 10.22102/JAEHR.2015.40190
- Haberman, J. 1998. Zooplankton of lake Vortsjarv. Limnologica. 28(1):49-65.
- Haberman J, Haldna M. 2014. Indices of Zooplankton community as valuable tools in assessing the trophic state and water quality of eutrophic lakes: long term study of Lake Vortsjarv. Journal of Limnology. 73(2):263-273. doi: 10.4081/jlimnol.2014.828
- Harding JP, Smith WA. 1974. A key to the British Freshwater Cyclopid and Calanoid Copepods. England: Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication 56 p.
- Herzig A. 1987. The analysis of planktonic rotifer populations: A plea for long-term investigations. Hydrobiologia. 147:163-180. doi: 10.1007/BF00025739
- İsmail AH, Adnan AAM. 2016. Zooplankton composition and abundance as indicators of eutrophication in two small man-made lakes. Trophical Life Science Research. 27:31-38. doi: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.3.5
- İpek Alış N, Saler S. 2016. Zooplankton fauna of Özlüce Dam Lake (Bingöl- Turkey). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Journal of Science. 5(1):86-90. doi: 10.17798/beufen.11633
- Jeppesen E, Noges P, Davıdson T, Haberman AJ, Noges T, Blank K, Lauridsen TL, Sondergaard M, Sayer C, Laugaste R, Johansson LS, Bjerring R, Amsinck SL. 2011.
- Zooplankton as indicators in lakes: a scientific-based plea for including zooplankton in the ecological quality assessment of lakes according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Hydrobiologia. 676:279-297. doi: 10.1007/s10750-011-0831-0
- Kolisko RM. 1974. Plankton Rotifers, Biology and Taxonomy. Stuttgart: Die Binenge Wasser 146 p.
- Koste W. 1978a. Rotatoria, Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas Ein Bestimmungswerk, begründet von Max Voigt. Überordnung Monogononta", I. Textband". Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger 673 p.
- Koste W. 1978b. Rotatoria, Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas Ein Bestimmungswerk, begründet von Max Voigt. Überordnung Monogononta", II. Tafelband. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger 234 p.
- Krebs CJ. 1989. Ecological Methodology. New York, NY, USA: Harper Collins College.
- Lampert W, Sommer U. 2001. Ekologia wód śródlądowych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN 415 p.
- Margalef R. 1958. Information Theory in Ecology. General Systems. 3:36-71.
- Mason J. 2002. Qualitative Researching. London: Sage Publications 234 p.
- Mermer A. 1989. Gediz Nehrindeki Kababurun Balığı (Chondrostoma nasus Linnaeus, 1758) Populasyonunun Biyolojik Yönden İncelenmesi. [Master’s Thesis]. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı. 48 p. [in Turkish]
- Needham JG, Needham PR. 1966. A guide to the study of freshwater biology. San Francisco: Holden and Day 108 p.
- Negreiros NF, Jose Dos Santos-Wisniewski M, Dos-Santos RM, Rocha O. 2010. The influence of environmental factors on the seasonal Dynamics and composition of Rotifera in the Sapucai River arm of Furnas Reservoir, MG, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10(4):173-182. doi: 10.1590/S1676-06032010000400023
- Ochocka A, Pasztalenice A. 2016. Sensitivity of plankton indices to lake trophic conditions. Environmental Monitoring Assessment. 188:622. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5634-3
- Offem BO, Ayotunde EO, Ikpi GO, Ada FB, Ochang SN. 2011. Plankton-based assessment of the trophic state of three tropical lakes. Journal of Environmental Protection. 2(3):304-315. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.23034
- Ren L, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Ma Y, Zeng Y, Zhou C. 2011. Community structure of zooplankton and water quality assessment of Jialing River in Nan Chong. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 10:1321-1326. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.211
- Sarı HM, Balık S, Bilecenoğlu M, Türe G. 1999. Recent changes in the fish fauna of Lake Bafa, Aegean region of Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East. 18(1):67-76. doi: 10.1080/09397140.1999.10637783
- Saygı Y, Gündüz E, Demirkalp FY, Çağlar SS. 2011. Seasonal patterns of the zooplankton community in the shallow, brackish Liman Lake in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 35(6):783-792. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1001-25 Sgarzi S, Badosa A, Leiva-Presa A, Benejam L, Lopez-Flores R. 2019. Plankton taxonomic and size diversity of Mediterranean brackish ponds in spring: Influence of abiotic and biotic factors. Water. 11(1):106. doi: 10.3390/w11010106
- Sharmıla-Sree J, Shameem U. 2017. Zooplankton diversity indices and seasonal variations in Meghadrigedda reservoir, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience. 5(1):4-11.
- Sokal RR, Michener CD. 1958. A statistical methods for evaluating relationships. University of Kansas Science Bulletin. 38:1409-1448.
- Tuna A, Ustaoğlu MR. 2016. Kemer Baraj Gölü (Aydın-Türkiye) zooplankton faunası. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2(2):95-106. doi: 10.17216/LimnoFish-5000183782
- Türkmen T, Naz M, Dinler ZM. 2006. Gölbaşı Gölü’nün Zooplankton Tür Kompozisyonu ve Biyoması (Hatay, Türkiye). Ege University Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences. 1(1):163-167.
- Wetzel RG, Likens G. 2000. Limnological Analyses (3. Basım). New York: Springer- Verlag 429 p.
- Williamson CE, Butler NM. 1986. Predation of rotifers by the suspension feeding calanoid copepod Diaptomus pallidus. Limnology and Oceonography. 31(2):393-402. doi: 10.4319/lo.1986.31.2.0393
- Zhao K, Song K, Pan Y, Wang L. Da L, Wang Q. 2017. Metacommunity structure of zooplankton in river networks: Roles of environmental and spatial factors. Ecological Indicators. 73:96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.026
Öz
Zooplankton abundance and composition are one of the most important factors which affect the food web in aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality of Bafa Lake in Turkey, based on zooplankton communities. As the study case, Bafa Lake is one of the biggest lake in Turkey, and the lake is quite rich in terms of biodiversity. Bafa Lake is the under effects of domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes that accumulate and cause the deterioration of ecology in the lake by Büyük Menderes River. With this purpose, 8 sampling sites were determined and zooplankton samples were collected monthly for two years. TSINRot index and various versions of diversity indices were used to determine the water quality and ecological status of Bafa Lake. To determine similarities between the stations, the stations were clustered by using UPGMA based on zooplankton fauna. By applying Pearson Correlation, correlations between the indices based on zooplankton fauna were assessed. With the identification of collected zooplankton, a total of 73 taxa which belong to groups of Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, and Meroplankton were detected. As a result of similarity analysis, most similarity values were obtained between stations 1, 2 and 8, respectively. According to TSINRot index, Bafa Lake has got a eutrophic ecological state while according to all versions of diversity indices, Bafa Lake has got the α-β mesosaprobic ecological state.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bafa Lake Zooplankton Water Quality Trophic State Index Diersity Indices
Proje Numarası
114Y249
Kaynakça
- Altındağ A, Yiğit S. 2004. The zooplankton fauna and seasonal distribution Beyşehir Lake. Gazi Journal of Educational Science. 24(3):217-225.
- Apaydın Yağcı M, Ustaoğlu MR. 2012. Zooplankton fauna of Lake İznik (Bursa, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 36(3):341-350.
- Balık S. 1995. Freshwater Fish in Anatolia, Turkey. Biological Conservation. 72(2):213–223. doi: 10.1016/0006-3207(94)00084-4
- Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR. 1989. Bafa Gölündeki Ulubat Balığı (Acanthobrama mirabilis Ladiges, 1960)’nın biyoekolojik ve ekonomik yönlerden incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 13(3):141-174.
- Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR, Sarı HM. 1992. Bafa Gölü (Söke-Aydın) Kababurun (Chondrostoma nasus L., 1758) Populasyonunun Biyolojik Özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Paper presented at: Fırat Universitesi XI. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi; Elazıg, Turkey. [in Turkish]
- Caroni R, Irvine K. 2010. The potential of zooplankton communities for ecological assessment of lakes: redundant concept or political oversight. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 110B(1):35-53. doi: 10.3318/BIOE.2010.110.1.35
- Davidson T, Bennion AH, Jeppesen E, Clarke GH, Sayer C. 2011. The role of cladocerans in tracking long-term change in shallow lake trophic status. Hydrobiologia. 676:299-315. doi: 10.1007/s10750-011-0851-9
- De-Carli B, Bressane PA, Longo RM, Manzi-Decarli A, Moschini-Carlos V, Pompêo ML. 2019. Development of a zooplankton biotic index for trophic state prediction in tropical reservoirs. Limnetica. 38(1):303-316. doi: 10.23818/limn.38.21
- Dirican S, Musul H. 2008. Çamlıgöze baraj gölü (Sivas-TÜRKİYE) zooplankton faunası üzerine bir çalışma. Sakarya University Journal of Science. 12(1):17-21.
- Dorak Z, Köker L, Gaygusuz Ö, Gürevin C, Akçaalan R. 2019. Zooplankton biodiversity in reservoirs of different geographical region of Turkey: Compositionand distribution related with some environmental conditions. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering. 34(1):29-38. doi: 10.26650/ASE2019522326
- Edmondson WT. 1959a. Methods and Equipment in Freshwater Biology. 2nd JohnWiley & Sons Inc., 420-494p.
- Edmondson WT. 1959b. Freshwater Biology. 2nd JohnWiley & Sons Inc., 587-656p.
- Ejsmont-Karabın J. 2012. The usefulness of zooplankton as lake ecosystem indicators: Rotifer Trophic Index. Polish Journal of Ecology. 60(2):339-350.
- Gamito S. 2010. Caution is needed when applying margalef diversity index. Ecological Indicators. 10(2):550-551. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.006
- Ghosh D, Bıswas JK. 2005. Macroinvertebrate diversity indices: a quantitative bioassessment of ecological health status of an Oxbow Lake in Eastern India. Journal of Advances in Enviromental Health Research. 3(2):78-90. doi: 10.22102/JAEHR.2015.40190
- Haberman, J. 1998. Zooplankton of lake Vortsjarv. Limnologica. 28(1):49-65.
- Haberman J, Haldna M. 2014. Indices of Zooplankton community as valuable tools in assessing the trophic state and water quality of eutrophic lakes: long term study of Lake Vortsjarv. Journal of Limnology. 73(2):263-273. doi: 10.4081/jlimnol.2014.828
- Harding JP, Smith WA. 1974. A key to the British Freshwater Cyclopid and Calanoid Copepods. England: Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication 56 p.
- Herzig A. 1987. The analysis of planktonic rotifer populations: A plea for long-term investigations. Hydrobiologia. 147:163-180. doi: 10.1007/BF00025739
- İsmail AH, Adnan AAM. 2016. Zooplankton composition and abundance as indicators of eutrophication in two small man-made lakes. Trophical Life Science Research. 27:31-38. doi: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.3.5
- İpek Alış N, Saler S. 2016. Zooplankton fauna of Özlüce Dam Lake (Bingöl- Turkey). Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Journal of Science. 5(1):86-90. doi: 10.17798/beufen.11633
- Jeppesen E, Noges P, Davıdson T, Haberman AJ, Noges T, Blank K, Lauridsen TL, Sondergaard M, Sayer C, Laugaste R, Johansson LS, Bjerring R, Amsinck SL. 2011.
- Zooplankton as indicators in lakes: a scientific-based plea for including zooplankton in the ecological quality assessment of lakes according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Hydrobiologia. 676:279-297. doi: 10.1007/s10750-011-0831-0
- Kolisko RM. 1974. Plankton Rotifers, Biology and Taxonomy. Stuttgart: Die Binenge Wasser 146 p.
- Koste W. 1978a. Rotatoria, Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas Ein Bestimmungswerk, begründet von Max Voigt. Überordnung Monogononta", I. Textband". Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger 673 p.
- Koste W. 1978b. Rotatoria, Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas Ein Bestimmungswerk, begründet von Max Voigt. Überordnung Monogononta", II. Tafelband. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger 234 p.
- Krebs CJ. 1989. Ecological Methodology. New York, NY, USA: Harper Collins College.
- Lampert W, Sommer U. 2001. Ekologia wód śródlądowych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN 415 p.
- Margalef R. 1958. Information Theory in Ecology. General Systems. 3:36-71.
- Mason J. 2002. Qualitative Researching. London: Sage Publications 234 p.
- Mermer A. 1989. Gediz Nehrindeki Kababurun Balığı (Chondrostoma nasus Linnaeus, 1758) Populasyonunun Biyolojik Yönden İncelenmesi. [Master’s Thesis]. Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı. 48 p. [in Turkish]
- Needham JG, Needham PR. 1966. A guide to the study of freshwater biology. San Francisco: Holden and Day 108 p.
- Negreiros NF, Jose Dos Santos-Wisniewski M, Dos-Santos RM, Rocha O. 2010. The influence of environmental factors on the seasonal Dynamics and composition of Rotifera in the Sapucai River arm of Furnas Reservoir, MG, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10(4):173-182. doi: 10.1590/S1676-06032010000400023
- Ochocka A, Pasztalenice A. 2016. Sensitivity of plankton indices to lake trophic conditions. Environmental Monitoring Assessment. 188:622. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5634-3
- Offem BO, Ayotunde EO, Ikpi GO, Ada FB, Ochang SN. 2011. Plankton-based assessment of the trophic state of three tropical lakes. Journal of Environmental Protection. 2(3):304-315. doi: 10.4236/jep.2011.23034
- Ren L, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Ma Y, Zeng Y, Zhou C. 2011. Community structure of zooplankton and water quality assessment of Jialing River in Nan Chong. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 10:1321-1326. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.211
- Sarı HM, Balık S, Bilecenoğlu M, Türe G. 1999. Recent changes in the fish fauna of Lake Bafa, Aegean region of Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East. 18(1):67-76. doi: 10.1080/09397140.1999.10637783
- Saygı Y, Gündüz E, Demirkalp FY, Çağlar SS. 2011. Seasonal patterns of the zooplankton community in the shallow, brackish Liman Lake in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 35(6):783-792. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1001-25 Sgarzi S, Badosa A, Leiva-Presa A, Benejam L, Lopez-Flores R. 2019. Plankton taxonomic and size diversity of Mediterranean brackish ponds in spring: Influence of abiotic and biotic factors. Water. 11(1):106. doi: 10.3390/w11010106
- Sharmıla-Sree J, Shameem U. 2017. Zooplankton diversity indices and seasonal variations in Meghadrigedda reservoir, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. European Journal of Biotechnology and Bioscience. 5(1):4-11.
- Sokal RR, Michener CD. 1958. A statistical methods for evaluating relationships. University of Kansas Science Bulletin. 38:1409-1448.
- Tuna A, Ustaoğlu MR. 2016. Kemer Baraj Gölü (Aydın-Türkiye) zooplankton faunası. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research. 2(2):95-106. doi: 10.17216/LimnoFish-5000183782
- Türkmen T, Naz M, Dinler ZM. 2006. Gölbaşı Gölü’nün Zooplankton Tür Kompozisyonu ve Biyoması (Hatay, Türkiye). Ege University Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences. 1(1):163-167.
- Wetzel RG, Likens G. 2000. Limnological Analyses (3. Basım). New York: Springer- Verlag 429 p.
- Williamson CE, Butler NM. 1986. Predation of rotifers by the suspension feeding calanoid copepod Diaptomus pallidus. Limnology and Oceonography. 31(2):393-402. doi: 10.4319/lo.1986.31.2.0393
- Zhao K, Song K, Pan Y, Wang L. Da L, Wang Q. 2017. Metacommunity structure of zooplankton in river networks: Roles of environmental and spatial factors. Ecological Indicators. 73:96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.07.026
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Limnoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 114Y249 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Ağustos 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 |