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Investigation of Nutrient and Heavy Metal Content in Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Alleben Pond (Gaziantep)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 111 - 118, 31.08.2025

Yeşim Özoğul , Nermin Deliçay , Fethiye Takadaş , Ali Rıza Köşker , Fatma Hepsağ , Yetkin Sakarya , Yılmaz Uçar , Netice Cane

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1689519

Öz

The biochemical composition and the levels of heavy metal elements of different fish species have grown recently due to concern about its safety and nutritional value. In the current study, the proximate analyses and heavy metal contents of carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) obtained from Gaziantep Alleben Pond an artificial pond, were investigated. The results showed that the proximate composition of Cyprinus carpio were found as protein (16.33%), lipid (2.17%), moisture (78.44%) and ash (1.31%). The results of heavy metal analyses exhibited that the aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents in the muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio were found as 20.95 mg/kg, 22.06 mg/kg, 557.62 mg/kg, 1.44 mg/kg and 36.96 mg/kg, respectively. This research has shown that the nutritional value of carp fish is high and that their heavy metal content does not exceed acceptable limits and does not pose any risk to the health of their consumers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cyprinus carpio Alleben Pond proximate analyses heavy metal contents

Destekleyen Kurum

This research is financed by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Cukurova University.

Proje Numarası

FYL-2019-12371

Kaynakça

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  • Ali, M. M., Kubra, K., Alam, E., Mondol, A. H.,Akhtar, S., Islam, M. S., ... & Islam, A. R.M. T. (2024). Bioaccumulation and sources of metal (loid) s in fish species from a subtropical river in Bangladesh: a public health concern. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(2), 2343-2359. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-31324-8
  • AOAC. Official Method 920.153 (2002). Ash content. Official methods of analysis (17th ed.). Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • AOAC, (1998). Official method 955.04. Nitrogen (total) in seafood. Fish and other marine products. In: Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (Chapter 35). Hungerford J. M. (Chapter Ed.); Cunniff P. (Ed.). Arlington, VA. P. 6.
  • AOAC, Official Method 950.46 (2002). Moisture content in meat. In: Official methods of analysis (17th ed.). Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical
  • Ayas, D., Ekingen, G., & Çelik, M. (2005). Seyhan Baraj Gölü pullu sazanlarının (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) mevsimsel besin kompozisyonu ile sıcak tütsüleme sonrası kimyasal ve duyusal değişimleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1).
  • Balasim, H., Al-Azzawi, M., & Rabee, A. (2013). Assessment of pollution with some heavy metals in water, sediments and Barbus xanthopterus fish of the Tigris River–Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Science, 54(4), 813-822. Bandzerewicz, A., & Gadomska-Gajadhur, A. (2022). Into the tissues: Extracellular matrix and its artificial substitutes: Cell signalling mechanisms. Cells, 11(5), 914. doi: 10.3390/cells11050914
  • Barik, D., Rakhi Mol, K. M., Anand, G., Nandamol, P. S., Das, D., & Porel, M. (2025). Environmental Pollutants Such as Endocrine Disruptors/Pesticides/Reactive Dyes and Inorganic Toxic Compounds Metals, Radionuclides, and Metalloids and Their Impact on the Ecosystem. In Biotechnology for Environmental Sustainability (pp. 391-442). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-7221-6_15
  • Bligh, E.G., and Dyer, W.J. (1959). A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification, Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911–917. doi: 10.1139/y59-099
  • Bornstein, B., Konstantin, N., Alessandro, C., Tresch, M. C., & Zelzer, E. (2021). More than movement: the proprioceptive system as a new regulator of musculoskeletal biology. Current Opinion in Physiology, 20, 77-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.01.004
  • Canli, M., & Atli, G. (2003). The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental pollution, 121(1), 129-136. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00194-X
  • Çiftçi, H., Çalışkan, Ç. E., & Öztürk, K. (2021). Bazı balık türlerinde iz ve toksik metal düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve insan sağlığı riskinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 219-233. doi: 10.28979/jarnas.883611
  • Das, R. K., & Ray, N. (2022). Acute toxicity of fluoride and aluminium on the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB), 60(02), 150-154. doi:10.56042/ijeb.v60i02.59954
  • Demirarslan, K ve Demirarslan, D. (2018). Sanayileşme, Kentleşme ve Çevre İlişkisi: Kocaeli İli Örneği. Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik Uygulamaları ve Teknolojik Gelişmeler Dergisi, 1 (1), 29-43
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  • Emek, Ö. A. (2019). Büyük Menderes nehrinden avlanan sazan balıklarında (Cyprinus carpio) bazı ağır metal düzeylerinin araştırılması (Master's thesis).
  • Erdoğan, M. (2014). Karacaören I (Isparta-Burdur) Baraj gölündeki su, sediment ve sazan (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) örneklerinde bazı ağır metal birikiminin incelenmesi (Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
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Alleben Göleti'ndeki (Gaziantep) Sazanlarda (Cyprinus carpio) Besin ve Ağır Metal İçeriğinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 111 - 118, 31.08.2025

Yeşim Özoğul , Nermin Deliçay , Fethiye Takadaş , Ali Rıza Köşker , Fatma Hepsağ , Yetkin Sakarya , Yılmaz Uçar , Netice Cane

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1689519

Öz

Farklı balık türlerinin biyokimyasal bileşimi ve ağır metal element seviyeleri, güvenlik ve besin değeri konusundaki endişeler nedeniyle son zamanlarda artmıştır. Bu çalışmada Gaziantep Alleben Göleti'nden elde edilen sazan balıklarının (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) besin komposizyon analizleri ve ağır metal içerikleri araştırılmıştır. Cyprinus carpio'nun besin madde içeriği protein (%16.33), lipid (%2.17), nem (%78.44) ve kül (%1.31) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ağır metal analizlerinin sonuçları, Cyprinus carpio'nun kas dokusundaki alüminyum (Al), demir (Fe), kalsiyum (Ca), bakır (Cu) ve çinko (Zn) içeriklerinin sırasıyla 20,95 mg/kg, 22,06 mg/kg, 557,62 mg/kg, 1,44 mg/kg ve 36,96 mg/kg olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu araştırma, sazan balığının besin değerinin yüksek olduğu ve ağır metal içeriklerinin kabuledilebilir sınırlarını aşmadığı ve tüketicilerinin sağlığı için herhangi bir risk teşkil etmediğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cyprinus carpio Alleben Göleti besin madde içeriği ağır metal içeriği

Proje Numarası

FYL-2019-12371

Teşekkür

This research is financed by the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Cukurova University (FYL-2019-12371).

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, K. A. M. (2023). Importance of Chemical Elements in The Human Body. Вестник Ошского государственного университета. Медицина, (2 (2)), 54-59. doi: 10.52754/16948831_2023_2(2)_7
  • Ali, M. M., Kubra, K., Alam, E., Mondol, A. H.,Akhtar, S., Islam, M. S., ... & Islam, A. R.M. T. (2024). Bioaccumulation and sources of metal (loid) s in fish species from a subtropical river in Bangladesh: a public health concern. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(2), 2343-2359. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-31324-8
  • AOAC. Official Method 920.153 (2002). Ash content. Official methods of analysis (17th ed.). Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • AOAC, (1998). Official method 955.04. Nitrogen (total) in seafood. Fish and other marine products. In: Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (Chapter 35). Hungerford J. M. (Chapter Ed.); Cunniff P. (Ed.). Arlington, VA. P. 6.
  • AOAC, Official Method 950.46 (2002). Moisture content in meat. In: Official methods of analysis (17th ed.). Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: Association of Official Analytical
  • Ayas, D., Ekingen, G., & Çelik, M. (2005). Seyhan Baraj Gölü pullu sazanlarının (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) mevsimsel besin kompozisyonu ile sıcak tütsüleme sonrası kimyasal ve duyusal değişimleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1).
  • Balasim, H., Al-Azzawi, M., & Rabee, A. (2013). Assessment of pollution with some heavy metals in water, sediments and Barbus xanthopterus fish of the Tigris River–Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Science, 54(4), 813-822. Bandzerewicz, A., & Gadomska-Gajadhur, A. (2022). Into the tissues: Extracellular matrix and its artificial substitutes: Cell signalling mechanisms. Cells, 11(5), 914. doi: 10.3390/cells11050914
  • Barik, D., Rakhi Mol, K. M., Anand, G., Nandamol, P. S., Das, D., & Porel, M. (2025). Environmental Pollutants Such as Endocrine Disruptors/Pesticides/Reactive Dyes and Inorganic Toxic Compounds Metals, Radionuclides, and Metalloids and Their Impact on the Ecosystem. In Biotechnology for Environmental Sustainability (pp. 391-442). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-7221-6_15
  • Bligh, E.G., and Dyer, W.J. (1959). A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification, Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911–917. doi: 10.1139/y59-099
  • Bornstein, B., Konstantin, N., Alessandro, C., Tresch, M. C., & Zelzer, E. (2021). More than movement: the proprioceptive system as a new regulator of musculoskeletal biology. Current Opinion in Physiology, 20, 77-89. doi: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.01.004
  • Canli, M., & Atli, G. (2003). The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental pollution, 121(1), 129-136. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00194-X
  • Çiftçi, H., Çalışkan, Ç. E., & Öztürk, K. (2021). Bazı balık türlerinde iz ve toksik metal düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve insan sağlığı riskinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 219-233. doi: 10.28979/jarnas.883611
  • Das, R. K., & Ray, N. (2022). Acute toxicity of fluoride and aluminium on the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB), 60(02), 150-154. doi:10.56042/ijeb.v60i02.59954
  • Demirarslan, K ve Demirarslan, D. (2018). Sanayileşme, Kentleşme ve Çevre İlişkisi: Kocaeli İli Örneği. Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik Uygulamaları ve Teknolojik Gelişmeler Dergisi, 1 (1), 29-43
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  • Emek, Ö. A. (2019). Büyük Menderes nehrinden avlanan sazan balıklarında (Cyprinus carpio) bazı ağır metal düzeylerinin araştırılması (Master's thesis).
  • Erdoğan, M. (2014). Karacaören I (Isparta-Burdur) Baraj gölündeki su, sediment ve sazan (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) örneklerinde bazı ağır metal birikiminin incelenmesi (Master's thesis, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • FAO/WHO. (2002). Human vitamin and mineral requirements: Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. Bangkok, Thailand. Available at: https://www.fao.org/3/y2809e/y2809e.pdf
  • FAO (1983). Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products, FAO Fishery Circular. Rome, No. 464, pp. 5-100.
  • FAO (2018). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Rome, URL: http://faostat. fao. org, 403.
  • FAOUN, 2016. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Guideline heavy metal in food. Rome: FAO, United Nations.
  • FAO/WHO. Compilation of Legal Limits for Hazardous Substances in Fish and Fishery Products. Fisheries Circular. No. 764. 1983. Available online: http://www.fao.org/inland-fisheries/topic/detail/fr/c/1150083/ (accessed on 2 April 2025).
  • Günal, A. Ç., Yüce, P. A., & Firat (2024), A. P. D. M. Aquatic Ecosystems in The Anthropogenic Age. doi:10.5281/zenodo.14541001
  • https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article/14/6/2042/95465/Microbial-water-quality-of-pond-Alleben-Gaziantep [Erişim tarihi: Kasım, 2024] doi: 10.2166/wcc.2023.132
  • https://www.tripadvisor.com.tr/Attraction_Review-g297998-d12634254-Reviews Alleben_Tabiat_Parki-Gaziantep_Gaziantep_Province.html [Erişim tarihi: Kasım, 2024]
  • Islam, M. H., Ara, M. H., Naime, J., & Khan, M. A. R. (2024). Nutritional evaluation of fish scale of selected saline and fresh water fish species. Food and Humanity, 2, 100225. doi: 10.1016/j.foohum.2023.100225
  • Jan, K., Ahmed, I., Dar, N. A., & Ahmad, I. (2025). Understanding the Seasonal Proximate Composition of Himalayan Snow Trout (Schizothorax labiatus) for Ensuring Food Security. In Food Security,
  • Nutrition and Sustainability Through Aquaculture Technologies (pp. 311-326). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-75830-0_17
  • JECFA (2011). Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Seventy-fourth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Food Additives Series: 64.
  • Kaliniak-Dziura, A., Skałecki, P., Florek, M., Kędzierska-Matysek, M., & Sobczak, P. (2024). Chemical Composition and Elements Concentration of Fillet, Spine and Bones of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Relation to Nutrient Requirements for Minerals. Animals, 14(9), 1311. doi: 10.3390/ani14091311
  • Karageçili, M., & Karadaş, F. (2024). Vitamin and Mineral Requirements of Breeding Laying Hens. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13984263
  • Kareem, S. I., Hussein, R. H., & Rasheed, R. O. (2022). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) and its relationship with the protein content. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 36(1), 173-178. doi: 10.33899/ijvs.2022.135834.2531
  • Keilwerth, M., Mao, W., Malischewski, M., Jannuzzi, S. A., Breitwieser, K., Heinemann, F. W., & Meyer, K. (2024). The synthesis and characterization of an iron (VII) nitrido complex. Nature Chemistry, 16(4), 514-520. doi: 10.1038/s41557-023-01418-4
  • Mahboob, S., Al-Ghanim, K. A., Al-Balawi, H. A., Al-Misned, F., & Ahmed, Z. (2018). Study on assessment of proximate composition and meat quality of fresh and stored Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio. Brazilian journal of biology, 79(4), 651-658. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.187647
  • Makarova, G. P., Lykasova, I. A., Mukhamedyarova, Z. P., & Mizhevikina, A. S. (2019, October). The influence of nabicat on the chemical composition of carp meat. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 341, No. 1, p. 012159). IOP Publishing. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/341/1/012159
  • Matuszewski, A., Łukasiewicz, M., & Niemiec, J. (2020). Calcium and phosphorus and their nanoparticle forms in poultry nutrition. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 76(2), 328–345. doi: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1746221
  • MTA. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Demir, Fizibilite Etütleri Daire Başkanlığı, Eylül, 2017.
  • Ngu, Y. J., Skalny, A. V., Tinkov, A. A., Tsai, C. S., Chang, C. C., Chuang, Y. K., ... & Chang, J. S. (2022). Association between essential and non-essential metals, body composition, and metabolic syndrome in adults. Biological Trace Element Research, 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s12011-021-03077-3
  • Nunzio, A. D., Giarra, A., Toscanesi, M., Amoresano, A., Piscopo, M., Ceretti, E., ... & Montano, L. (2022). Comparison between macro and trace element concentrations in human semen and blood serum in highly polluted areas in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11635. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811635
  • Parang, H., & Esmaeilbeigi, M. (2022). Total mercury concentration in the muscle of four mostly consumed fish and associated human health risks for fishermen and non-fishermen families in the Anzali Wetland, Southern Caspian Sea. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 52, 102270. doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102270
  • Parui, R., Nongthombam, G. S., Hossain, M., Adil, L. R., Gogoi, R., Bhowmik, S., ... & Iyer, P. K. (2024). Impact of heavy metals on human health. Remediation of Heavy Metals: Sustainable Technologies and Recent Advances, 47-81. doi: 10.1002/9781119853589.ch4
  • Patil, R., Sontakke, T., Biradar, A., & Nalage, D. (2023). Zinc: an essential trace element for human health and beyond. Food Health, 5(3), 13. doi: 10.53388/FH2023013
  • Prakash, M. S., Archana, D., & Kumar, M. A. (2021). Proximate composition of Indian major carp Catla catla at different seasons in Bakhira Lake of District Sant Kabir Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • Rafati Rahimzadeh, M., Rafati Rahimzadeh, M., Kazemi, S., & Moghadamnia, A. A. (2024). Copper poisoning with emphasis on its clinical manifestations and treatment of intoxication. Advances in Public Health, 2024(1), 6001014. doi: 10.1155/2024/6001014
  • Rasul, M. G., Jahan, I., Yuan, C., Sarkar, M. S. I., Bapary, M. A. J., Baten, M. A., & Shah, A. A. (2021). Seasonal variation of nutritional constituents in fish of South Asian Countries: A review. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 6(2), 193-209. doi: 10.5455/faa.65131
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  • Ray, S., & Vashishth, R. (2024). From water to plate: Reviewing the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and unraveling human health risks in the food chain. Emerging Contaminants, 100358. doi: 10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100358
  • Saxena, V. (2025). Water Quality, Air Pollution, and Climate Change: Investigating the Environmental Impacts of Industrialization and Urbanization. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 236(2), 1-40. doi: 10.1007/s11270-024-07702-4
  • Shaker, J. L., & Deftos, L. (2023). Calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Endotext [Internet].
  • Sonone, S. S., Jadhav, S., Sankhla, M. S., & Kumar, R. (2020). Water contamination by heavy metals and their toxic effect on aquaculture and human health through food Chain. Lett. Appl. NanoBioScience, 10(2), 2148-2166. doi: 10.33263/LIANBS102.21482166
  • Tkachenko, H., Kurhaluk, N., Kasiyan, O., & Kamiński, P. (2021). Dietary nutrients and health risks from exposure to some heavy metals through the consumption of the farmed common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 19, 793-804. doi: 10.1007/s40201-021-00647-4
  • Turkish Food Codex. (2011). Communiqué on Maximum Levels for Certain Contaminants in Foodstuffs (No: 2011/22). Official Gazette of the Republic of Türkiye. (in Turkish).
  • Ustaoğlu, F., & Yüksel, B. (2024). Bioaccumulation of metals in muscle tissues of economically important fish species from black sea Lagoon lakes in Türkiye: consumer health risk and nutritional value assessment. Microchemical Journal, 205, 111337. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2024.111337
  • WHO. (1991). Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series No. 806. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • WHO. (1989). Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Thirty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series No. 776. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Zafarzadeh, A., Bay, A., Fakhri, Y., Keramati, H., & Hosseini Pouya, R. (2018). Heavy metal (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) concentrations in the water and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish and associated non-carcinogenic risk assessment: Alagol wetland in the Golestan, Iran. Toxin reviews, 37(2), 154-160. doi: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1386684
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sucul Kültür ve Balıkçılık (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yeşim Özoğul 0000-0001-7769-9225

Nermin Deliçay 0009-0004-6589-345X

Fethiye Takadaş 0009-0007-9450-0135

Ali Rıza Köşker 0000-0002-4807-3546

Fatma Hepsağ 0000-0002-3688-4106

Yetkin Sakarya 0000-0002-5253-224X

Yılmaz Uçar 0000-0002-6770-6652

Netice Cane 0009-0006-7480-6551

Proje Numarası FYL-2019-12371
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özoğul, Y., Deliçay, N., Takadaş, F., … Köşker, A. R. (2025). Investigation of Nutrient and Heavy Metal Content in Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Alleben Pond (Gaziantep). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 11(2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1689519