Research Article
Year 2024,
Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 94 - 108, 25.08.2024
Abstract
In this study, the population status of the wetlands in the Susurluk Basin
(except Uluabat and Manyas Lakes) in terms of medicinal leeches and the stock status of the existing areas were investigated. Between March and October 2022 and 2023, studies were carried out in a total of 108 areas, including 26 wetlands in Kütahya, 49 wetlands in Bursa and 33 wetlands in Balıkesir. Medicinal leech population and stock studies were carried out in the wetlands located in Keles Epçeler in Bursa, Balıkesir İvrindi Çelimler and Balıkesir Dursunbey Aşağımusalar regions. A total of 378 medicinal leeches (0.02-5.19 g weight and 10.48-153.92 mm) were sampled from the study areas. The catchable amount of medicinal leeches was determined as 4.956 g for Epçeler, 218 g for Çelimler and 44 g for Aşağımusalar. When the population status and stock amounts of medicinal leeches obtained from wetlands and their habitats were analysed, it was determined that there was a decrease in medicinal leeches as a result of hunting pressure and habitat change and loss. This situation has shown that breeding systems should be increased and the pressure on nature should be reduced against the increasing demand for medicinal leeches in recent years.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Since experimental animals were not used in this study, Local Ethics Committee Approval was not obtained.
Supporting Institution
General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies
Project Number
TAGEM/HAYSÜD/B/22/A6/P1/5072
Thanks
This study was supported by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies with TAGEM/HAYSÜD/B/2021/A6/P2/5072 project number.
References
- Anonymous 2002. Communique on the Allocation of 2002 Export Quota for Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) (Communique Number: 2002/40) 05/07/2002 date and ve Official Gazette numbered 24806.
- Anonymous 2012a. Communique on the Allocation of 2012 Export Quota for Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) (Communique Number: 2012/10) 28/01/2012 date and ve Official Gazette numbered 28187.
- Anonymous 2012b. Communique on the Allocation of 2013 Export Quota for Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) (Communique Number: 2013/80) 31/12/2012 date and ve Official Gazette numbered 28514.
- Anonymous 2018. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management Susurluk River Basin Management Plan, Technical Assistance for Transformation of Basin Protection Action Plans into River Basin Management Plans, 238 s. (EuropeAid/134561/D/SER/TR)
- Avşar D. 2005. Balıkçılık Biyolojisi ve Populasyon Dinamiği Kitabı. Nobel Kitabevi, Adana, 306s.
- APHA 1971. American Public Health Assocıation. Standart Methods For the Examination at Water and Wastewater. 13th Edition, Washington D.C. 1134 p.
- APHA 1995. American Public Health Association: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, s 1-1134, 14th Edition Washington DC, USA.
- Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. 1978. Age and Growth. In: T.B. Bagenal (Ed.), Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater, 101-136s, Blackwell Science Publication, Oxford, UK.
- BSGM 2023. General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Aquaculture Statistics, 2023.
- Ceylan M. 2016. Determination of ecology, population size and prey yield of medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820) populations in the wetlands around Lake Eğirdir. Doctoral dissertation, Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Basic Sciences of Aquaculture, 251s. (Türkçe)
- Ceylan M, Çetinkaya, O, Küçükkara, R, Bulut, C, Erbatur, İ, Uysal, R, Bilgin, F, Demir, A, Savaşer, S, Pazar, M, Ergün, M, 2017. TAGEM Sakarya ve Kızılırmak Havzaları Sülük Popülasyonlarının Büyüklüğü ve Avlanabilir Stok Miktarının Belirlenmesi, Project Number: TAGEM/HAYSUD/B/18/SU/P-02/05. TAGEM Project Final Report, 58 page.
- Ceylan M. 2023. Hirudinea Fauna of Lake Karagöl (Sındırgı-Balıkesir) and Lake Gölcük (Bigadiç-Balıkesir): A New Record for Türkiye. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 19(3), 209-216. doi: 10.22392/actaquatr.1068061
- Egemen Ö, Sunlu U. 1996. Su Kalitesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları Yayın No:14. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 153s., İzmir.
- Elliott JM. & Tullett P 1986. The effects of temperature, atmospheric pressure and season on the swimming activity of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis (Hirudinea; Hirudinidae), in a Lake District tarn. Freshwater Biology, 16(3): 405-415. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00981.x
- Elliot JM. 2008. Population Size, Weight Distribution and Food in a Persistent Population of the Rare Medicinal Leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Freshwater Biology, 53(8): 1502-1512. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.01978.x
- Graf J, Kikuchi Y, Rio RV. 2006. Leeches and their microbiota: naturally simple symbiosis models. Trends in microbiology, 14(8): 365-371. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2006.06.009
- Gödekmerdan A, Arusan S, Bayar B, Sağlam N. 2011. Medicinal leeches and hirudotherapy. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 35(4): 234-239. doi: 10.5152/tpd.2011.60
- Hirucult, 2024. Meinpharmaversand.de. Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2024. https://www.meinpharmaversand.de/blutegel-r1352.html
- Kasparek M, Demirsoy A, Akbulut A, Akbulut NE, Çalişkan M, Durmuş Y. 2000. Distribution and Status of the Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis L.) in Türkiye. Hydrobiologia, 441(1): 37-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1017555322002
- Leeches USA 2024. Medicinal Leech Price List. Leeches USA. Ltd. Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2024. http://leechesusa.com/pricing/
- Leslie, PH and Davis, DHS 1939. An attempt to determine the absolute number of mice in a given area. Journal of Animal Ecology, 94-113.
- Martínez AM, Vázquez BPC. 2001. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, México,Reproductive activity and condition index of Holacanthus passer (Teleostei:Pomacanthidae) in the Gulf of California, Mexico, Pg.1-3, Centro Interdisciplinario De Ciencias Marinas, Mexico.
- Papavramidou N, Christopolou-Aletra H. 2009. History in Medicine. Medicinal use of leeches in the texts of ancient Greek, Roman and early Byzantine writers. Internal Medicine Journal; 39 (9): 624-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01965.x
- Özdamar K. 2011. Data Analysis with Package Programmes. Kaan Bookstore. Eskişehir. 649s.
- Sağlam N, Dörücü M. 2002. Observations on the ecology of the freshwater leech Helobdella stagnalis (Hirudinoidea: Glossiphoniidae), new for Türkiye. Zoology in the Middle East, 25(1): 115-120 doi: 10.1080/09397140.2002.1063791212
- Saglam N, Dorucu M, Ozdemir Y, Seker E, Sarieyyupoglu M, 2008. Lauterbornia 65: 105-118, D-86424 Dinkelscherben.
- Sağlam N. 2011. Export, Conservation and Sustainability of Some Medicinal Leech Species (Hirudo medicinalis L., 1758 and Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820). Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 5(1): 1-15 doi: 10.3153/jfscom.2011001
- Sağlam N, Saunders R, Lang SA, Shain DH. 2016. A new species of Hirudo (Annelida: Hirudinidae): historical biogeography of Eurasian medicinal leeches. Bmc Zoology, 1(1): 5. doi: 10.1186/s40850-016-0002-x
- Sağlam N. 2019. Internal and External Morphological Characteristics of Medicinal Leech Species Hirudo sulukii and Hirudo verbana. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 43(4): 204-209. doi: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2019.6422
- Siddall ME, Trontelj P, Utevsky SY, Nkamany M, Macdonald III KS. 2007. Diverse molecular data demonstrate that commercially available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1617): 1481-1487. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0248
- Sparre P, Venema SC. 1998. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment, Part I: Manual. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 306, 1.
- Trontelj P, Sotler M, Verovnik R. 2004. Genetic differentiation between two species of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis and the neglected Hirudo verbana, based on randomamplified polymorphic DNA. Parasitology Research, 94: 118-124. doi: 10.1007/s00436-004-1181-x
- Trontelj P, Utevsky SY. 2012. Phylogeny and phylogeography of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo): Fast dispersal and shallow genetic structure. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63(2): 475-485. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.022
- TSE 1996. Su Kalitesi Standartları, TS EN ISO 3696. Ankara.
- Utevsky S, Zagmajster M, Atemasov A, Zinenko O, Utevska O, Utecvsky A, Trontelj P. 2010. Distribution and status of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo) in the Western Palaearctic: anthropogenic, ecological, or historical effects. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 20(2): 198-210. doi: 10.1002/aqc.1071
- Ünal K, Tırık N, Erol ME, İbrahimkhanlı L, Elçi MP, Ayhan H, 2023. "The Investigation of Effects of Medicinal Leech Saliva Extract on the Breast Fibroblast Cell Line In Vitro: An Experimental Study," Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Dergisi, vol.6, no.2, pp.142-151.
- WTW 2015. Wissenschaftlich-Technische Werksätten (WTW) GmbH, PhotoLab Spektral Operating Instructions, Part:3 Analysis specifications fort he available test kits.
- Zhang B, Lin Q, Lin J, Chu X, Lu J. 2008. Effects of Broodstock Density and Diet on Reproduction and Juvenile Culture of the Leech, Hirudinaria manillensis Lesson, 1842. Aquaculture, 276 (1): 198-204. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.003
- Zippin C. 1956. An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations. Biometrics, 12(2), 163-189.
Year 2024,
Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 94 - 108, 25.08.2024
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Susurluk Havzası'nda bulunan sulak alanların (Uluabat ve Manyas Gölleri hariç) tıbbi sülükler açısından popülasyon durumlarının tespiti ve mevcut alanların stok durumları araştırılmıştır. 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında Mart ve Ekim ayları arasında Kütahya'da 26, Bursa'da 49 ve Balıkesir'de 33 sulak alan olmak üzere toplam 108 alanda çalışmalar yürütülmüştür. Bursa'da Keles Epçeler; Balıkesir İvrindi Çelimler ve Balıkesir Dursunbey Aşağımusalar bölgelerinde yer alan sulak alanlarda tıbbi sülük popülasyon ve stok çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma yapılan alanlardan toplam 378 adet tıbbi sülükte örneklenmiştir (0,02-5,19 g ağırlık ve 10,48-153,92 mm). Sulak alanlardan elde edilen tıbbi sülük popülasyon durumu ve stok miktarları ile habitatları incelendiğinde gerek av baskısı gerekse habitat değişimi ve kaybı sonucu tıbbi sülüklerde azalma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum son yıllarda artan tıbbi sülük talebine karşı yetiştiricilik sistemlerinin artırılması ve doğa üzerindeki baskının azaltılması gerektiğini göstermiştir.
Keywords
Project Number
TAGEM/HAYSÜD/B/22/A6/P1/5072
References
- Anonymous 2002. Communique on the Allocation of 2002 Export Quota for Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) (Communique Number: 2002/40) 05/07/2002 date and ve Official Gazette numbered 24806.
- Anonymous 2012a. Communique on the Allocation of 2012 Export Quota for Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) (Communique Number: 2012/10) 28/01/2012 date and ve Official Gazette numbered 28187.
- Anonymous 2012b. Communique on the Allocation of 2013 Export Quota for Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis) (Communique Number: 2013/80) 31/12/2012 date and ve Official Gazette numbered 28514.
- Anonymous 2018. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management Susurluk River Basin Management Plan, Technical Assistance for Transformation of Basin Protection Action Plans into River Basin Management Plans, 238 s. (EuropeAid/134561/D/SER/TR)
- Avşar D. 2005. Balıkçılık Biyolojisi ve Populasyon Dinamiği Kitabı. Nobel Kitabevi, Adana, 306s.
- APHA 1971. American Public Health Assocıation. Standart Methods For the Examination at Water and Wastewater. 13th Edition, Washington D.C. 1134 p.
- APHA 1995. American Public Health Association: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, s 1-1134, 14th Edition Washington DC, USA.
- Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. 1978. Age and Growth. In: T.B. Bagenal (Ed.), Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwater, 101-136s, Blackwell Science Publication, Oxford, UK.
- BSGM 2023. General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Aquaculture Statistics, 2023.
- Ceylan M. 2016. Determination of ecology, population size and prey yield of medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820) populations in the wetlands around Lake Eğirdir. Doctoral dissertation, Süleyman Demirel University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Basic Sciences of Aquaculture, 251s. (Türkçe)
- Ceylan M, Çetinkaya, O, Küçükkara, R, Bulut, C, Erbatur, İ, Uysal, R, Bilgin, F, Demir, A, Savaşer, S, Pazar, M, Ergün, M, 2017. TAGEM Sakarya ve Kızılırmak Havzaları Sülük Popülasyonlarının Büyüklüğü ve Avlanabilir Stok Miktarının Belirlenmesi, Project Number: TAGEM/HAYSUD/B/18/SU/P-02/05. TAGEM Project Final Report, 58 page.
- Ceylan M. 2023. Hirudinea Fauna of Lake Karagöl (Sındırgı-Balıkesir) and Lake Gölcük (Bigadiç-Balıkesir): A New Record for Türkiye. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 19(3), 209-216. doi: 10.22392/actaquatr.1068061
- Egemen Ö, Sunlu U. 1996. Su Kalitesi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları Yayın No:14. Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi, 153s., İzmir.
- Elliott JM. & Tullett P 1986. The effects of temperature, atmospheric pressure and season on the swimming activity of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis (Hirudinea; Hirudinidae), in a Lake District tarn. Freshwater Biology, 16(3): 405-415. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1986.tb00981.x
- Elliot JM. 2008. Population Size, Weight Distribution and Food in a Persistent Population of the Rare Medicinal Leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Freshwater Biology, 53(8): 1502-1512. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.01978.x
- Graf J, Kikuchi Y, Rio RV. 2006. Leeches and their microbiota: naturally simple symbiosis models. Trends in microbiology, 14(8): 365-371. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2006.06.009
- Gödekmerdan A, Arusan S, Bayar B, Sağlam N. 2011. Medicinal leeches and hirudotherapy. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 35(4): 234-239. doi: 10.5152/tpd.2011.60
- Hirucult, 2024. Meinpharmaversand.de. Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2024. https://www.meinpharmaversand.de/blutegel-r1352.html
- Kasparek M, Demirsoy A, Akbulut A, Akbulut NE, Çalişkan M, Durmuş Y. 2000. Distribution and Status of the Medicinal Leech (Hirudo medicinalis L.) in Türkiye. Hydrobiologia, 441(1): 37-44. doi: 10.1023/A:1017555322002
- Leeches USA 2024. Medicinal Leech Price List. Leeches USA. Ltd. Erişim Tarihi: 02.04.2024. http://leechesusa.com/pricing/
- Leslie, PH and Davis, DHS 1939. An attempt to determine the absolute number of mice in a given area. Journal of Animal Ecology, 94-113.
- Martínez AM, Vázquez BPC. 2001. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, México,Reproductive activity and condition index of Holacanthus passer (Teleostei:Pomacanthidae) in the Gulf of California, Mexico, Pg.1-3, Centro Interdisciplinario De Ciencias Marinas, Mexico.
- Papavramidou N, Christopolou-Aletra H. 2009. History in Medicine. Medicinal use of leeches in the texts of ancient Greek, Roman and early Byzantine writers. Internal Medicine Journal; 39 (9): 624-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01965.x
- Özdamar K. 2011. Data Analysis with Package Programmes. Kaan Bookstore. Eskişehir. 649s.
- Sağlam N, Dörücü M. 2002. Observations on the ecology of the freshwater leech Helobdella stagnalis (Hirudinoidea: Glossiphoniidae), new for Türkiye. Zoology in the Middle East, 25(1): 115-120 doi: 10.1080/09397140.2002.1063791212
- Saglam N, Dorucu M, Ozdemir Y, Seker E, Sarieyyupoglu M, 2008. Lauterbornia 65: 105-118, D-86424 Dinkelscherben.
- Sağlam N. 2011. Export, Conservation and Sustainability of Some Medicinal Leech Species (Hirudo medicinalis L., 1758 and Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820). Journal of FisheriesSciences.com, 5(1): 1-15 doi: 10.3153/jfscom.2011001
- Sağlam N, Saunders R, Lang SA, Shain DH. 2016. A new species of Hirudo (Annelida: Hirudinidae): historical biogeography of Eurasian medicinal leeches. Bmc Zoology, 1(1): 5. doi: 10.1186/s40850-016-0002-x
- Sağlam N. 2019. Internal and External Morphological Characteristics of Medicinal Leech Species Hirudo sulukii and Hirudo verbana. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 43(4): 204-209. doi: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2019.6422
- Siddall ME, Trontelj P, Utevsky SY, Nkamany M, Macdonald III KS. 2007. Diverse molecular data demonstrate that commercially available medicinal leeches are not Hirudo medicinalis. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1617): 1481-1487. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0248
- Sparre P, Venema SC. 1998. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment, Part I: Manual. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 306, 1.
- Trontelj P, Sotler M, Verovnik R. 2004. Genetic differentiation between two species of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis and the neglected Hirudo verbana, based on randomamplified polymorphic DNA. Parasitology Research, 94: 118-124. doi: 10.1007/s00436-004-1181-x
- Trontelj P, Utevsky SY. 2012. Phylogeny and phylogeography of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo): Fast dispersal and shallow genetic structure. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63(2): 475-485. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.022
- TSE 1996. Su Kalitesi Standartları, TS EN ISO 3696. Ankara.
- Utevsky S, Zagmajster M, Atemasov A, Zinenko O, Utevska O, Utecvsky A, Trontelj P. 2010. Distribution and status of medicinal leeches (genus Hirudo) in the Western Palaearctic: anthropogenic, ecological, or historical effects. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 20(2): 198-210. doi: 10.1002/aqc.1071
- Ünal K, Tırık N, Erol ME, İbrahimkhanlı L, Elçi MP, Ayhan H, 2023. "The Investigation of Effects of Medicinal Leech Saliva Extract on the Breast Fibroblast Cell Line In Vitro: An Experimental Study," Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Dergisi, vol.6, no.2, pp.142-151.
- WTW 2015. Wissenschaftlich-Technische Werksätten (WTW) GmbH, PhotoLab Spektral Operating Instructions, Part:3 Analysis specifications fort he available test kits.
- Zhang B, Lin Q, Lin J, Chu X, Lu J. 2008. Effects of Broodstock Density and Diet on Reproduction and Juvenile Culture of the Leech, Hirudinaria manillensis Lesson, 1842. Aquaculture, 276 (1): 198-204. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.02.003
- Zippin C. 1956. An evaluation of the removal method of estimating animal populations. Biometrics, 12(2), 163-189.
There are 39 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Fisheries Management |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | TAGEM/HAYSÜD/B/22/A6/P1/5072 |
| Publication Date | August 25, 2024 |
| Submission Date | January 27, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | May 21, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |
