A 15-year Study of the Spatial Distribution of Rutilus rutilus and Perca fluviatilis in Late Summer in Two Shallow Lakes With Contrasting Trophic State
Year 2021,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 185 - 197, 30.12.2021
Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis) are dominant species in northern-temperate lakes of Europe, their relative importance depending on trophic state and habitat complexity. We studied the habitat distribution of roach and perch over a 15-year period in two Danish lakes, Lake Væng, undergoing major changes in water clarity and macrophyte coverage, and the permanent turbid Lake Søbygård. We used multi-mesh sized gill nets in 5-6 different sections of the lakes following the same program in all years. Both species were evenly distributed in the sections and among habitats, in Lake Væng during the turbid period and in Lake Søbygård during the whole study period. During the clear-water period in Lake Væng, however, the distribution of roach and perch was uneven and the density negatively correlated with macrophyte coverage and density, but the strength of the relationship differed between the two species and between small (≤ 8 cm for roach and <10 cm for perch) and larger fish. Our results suggest that water clarity and macrophyte density were of key importance in determining roach and perch distribution in these two shallow lakes.
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doi: 10.1046/J.1365-2656.2003.00681.X
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Farklı Trofik Duruma Sahip İki Sığ Gölde Rutilus rutilus ve Perca fluviatilis'in Yaz Mevsimi Sonundaki Mekansal Dağılımı Üzerine 15 Yıllık Bir Çalışma
Year 2021,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 185 - 197, 30.12.2021
Yapısal karmaşa ve bulanıklık (türbidite), balıkların habitat seçiminde önemli roller oynayabilmektedir. Kızılgöz balığı (Rutilus rutilus) ve tatlısu levreği (Perca fluviatilis) Avrupa’nın kuzey ılıman göllerinin baskın (dominant) türleridir. Bu türlerin görece önemi, genel olarak trofik seviyeye ve habitat karmaşıklığına bağlıdır. Kızılgöz ve tatlısu levreğinin, su berraklığı ve makrofit yayılımı sürekli değişen Væng gölü ile bulanık Søbygård gölündeki dağılımları 15 yıllık bir dönem boyunca çalışılmıştır. Örnekleme, her yıl aynı program takip edilerek, göllerin çeşitli kısımlarından, farklı göz açıklıklarına sahip galsama ağları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Türler, Væng gölünün bulanık olduğu dönemde, Søbygård gölünde ise tüm çalışma sürecinde, göllerin tüm kısımlarında ve tüm habitatlarda eşit dağılmışlardır. Væng gölünün berrak döneminde ise kızılgöz ve tatlısu levreğinin dağılımları eşit değildir. Türlerin bolluğu, makrofit yayılımı ve yoğunluğu ile negatif korelasyon gösterirken, bu ilişkinin kuvvetinin türlere ve balık boylarına göre farklı olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, çalışılan iki gölde, kızılgöz ve tatlısu levreğinin dağılımında, suyun berraklığı ve makrofit yoğunluğunun anahtar belirleyici faktörler olduğu bulunmuş, bu durumun diğer benzer kuzey-ılıman sığ göllerde de gözlenebileceği öngörülmüştür.
Ali MA, Ryder RA, Anctil M. 1977. Photoreceptors and visual pigments as related to behavioural responses and preferred habitats of perches (Perca spp.) and pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.). J Fish Res Board Can. 34(10):1475-1480. doi: 10.1139/f77-212
Bartholomew A, Diaz RJ, Cicchetti G. 2000. New dimensionless indices of structural habitat complexity: predicted and actual effects on a predator's foraging success. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 206:45-58. doi: 10.3354/meps206045
Bergman E. 1988. Foraging abilities and niche breadths of two percids, Perca fluviatilis and Gymnocephalus cernua, under different environmental conditions. J Anim Ecol. 57:443-453.
doi: 10.2307/4916
Blaber SJM, Blaber TG. 1980. Factors affecting the distribution of juvenile estuarine and inshore fish. J Fish Biol. 17(2):143-162. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1980.tb02749.x
Bohl E. 1980. Diel pattern of pelagic distribution and feeding in planktivorous fish. Oecologia. 44:368-375. doi: 10.1007/BF00545241
Boll T, Johansson LS, Lauridsen TL, Landkildehus F, Davidson TA, Søndergaard M, Andersen FØ, Jeppesen E. 2012. Changes in benthic macroinvertebrate abundance and lake isotope (C, N) signals following biomanipulation: an 18-year study in shallow Lake Vaeng, Denmark. Hydrobiologia. 686:135-145. doi: 10.1007/s10750-012-1005-4
Byström P, Persson L, Wahlström E, Westman E. 2003. Size- and density-dependent habitat use in predators: consequences for habitat shifts in young fish. J Anim Ecol. 72(1):156-178.
doi: 10.1046/J.1365-2656.2003.00681.X
Christensen B, Persson L. 1993. Species-specific antipredatory behaviours: effects on prey choice in different habitats. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 32(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00172217
Crowder LB, Cooper WE. 1982. Habitat structural complexity and the interaction between bluegills and their prey. Ecology. 63(6):1802-1813. doi: 10.2307/1940122
De Schrijver A, De Frenne P, Ampoorter E, Van Nevel L, Demey A, Wuyts K, Verheyen K. 2011. Cumulative nitrogen input drives species loss in terrestrial ecosystems. Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 20(6):803-816. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00652.x
Diehl S. 1988. Foraging efficiency of three freshwater fishes: Effects of structural complexity and light. Oikos .53(2):207-214. doi: 10.2307/3566064
Diehl S, Kornijow R. 1997. The influence of submerged macrophytes on trophic interactions among fish and invertebrates. In: Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Søndergaard M, Christoffersen K, editors. The structuring role of submerged macrophytes in lakes. New York: Springer. p. 24-46.
Donald AJ, Peres-Neto PR, Olden JD. 2000. What controls who is where in freshwater fish communities – the roles of biotic, abiotic, and spatial factors. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 58(1):157-170.
doi: 10.1139/f00-239
Donohue I, Jackson AL, Pusch MT, Irvine K. 2009. Nutrient enrichment homogenizes lake benthic assemblages at local and regional scales. Ecology. 90(12):3470-3477. doi: 10.1890/09-0415.1
Ebenman B, Persson L. 1988. Dynamics of size-structured populations: an overview. In: Ebenman B, Persson L, editors. Size-structured populations: ecology and evolution. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 3-9.
Eklöv P, Hamrin SF. 1989. Predatory efficiency and prey selection: Interactions between pike Esox lucius, perch Perca fluviatilis and rudd Scardinus erythrophthalmus. Oikos. 56(2):149-156.
doi: 10.2307/3565330
Fischer P, Eckmann R. 1997. Spatial distribution of littoral fish species in Lake Constance, Germany. Arch Hydrobiol. 140(1):91-116. doi: 10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/140/1997/91
Ginetz RM, Larkin PA. 1976. Factors affecting rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) predation on migrant fry of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). J Fish Res Board Can. 33(1):19-24.
doi: 10.1139/f76-003
Gliwicz ZM, Jachner AJ. 1992. Diel migrations of juvenile fish: a ghost of predation past or present? Arch Hydrobiol 124(4):385-410.
Gregory RS, Northcote TC. 1993. Surface, planktonic, and benthic foraging by juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in turbid laboratory conditions. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 50(2):233-240. doi: 10.1139/f93-026
Haertel SS, Eckmann R. 2002. Diel shift of roach and its implications for the estimation of daily rations. J Fish Biol. 60(4):876-892. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb02415.x
Horppila J, Liljendahl-Nurminen A, Malinen T. 2004. Effects of clay turbidity and light on the predator-prey interaction between smelts and chaoborids. Can J Fish Aquat Sci. 61(10):1862-1870. doi: 10.1139/f04-123
Jacobsen L, Berg S. 1998. Diel variation in habitat use by planktivores in field enclosure experiments: the effect of submerged macrophytes and predation. J Fish Biol. 53(6):1207-1219.
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00242.x
Jacobsen L, Berg S, Jepsen N, Skov C. 2004. Does roach behaviour differ between shallow lakes of different environmental state? J Fish Biol. 65(1):135-147.
doi: 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00436.x
Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Mortensen E, Kristensen P, Riemann B, Jensen HJ, Müller JP Sortkjær O, Jensen JP, Christoffersen K, Bosselmann S, Dall E. 1990. Fish manipulation as a lake restoration tool in shallow, eutrophic temperate lakes 1: cross analysis of three Danish case-studies. Hydrobiologia. 200:205-218. doi: 10.1007/bf02530340
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen T, Møller PH, Sandby K. 1998. Changes in nitrogen retention in shallow eutrophic lakes following a decline in density of cyprinids. Arch Hydrobiol. 142(2):129-151. doi: 10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/142/1998/129
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen T, Landkildehus F. 2000. Trophic structure, species richness and biodiversity in Danish lakes: changes along a phosphorus gradient. Freshwater Biol. 45(2):201-218. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00675.x
Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Jensen JP. 2003. Climatic warming and regime shifts in lake food webs-some comments. Limnol Oceanogr. 48(3):1346-1349. doi: 10.4319/lo.2003.48.3.1346
Jeppesen E, Pekcan-Hekim Z, Lauridsen TL, Søndergaard M., Jensen JP. 2006. Habitat distribution of fish in late summer: changes along a nutrient gradient in Danish lakes. Ecol Freshw Fish. 15(2):180-190. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00142.x
Jespersen AM, Christoffersen K. 1987. Measurements of chlorophyll-a from phytoplankton using ethanol as extraction solvent. Arch Hydrobiol. 109(3):445-454.
Jepsen N, Berg S. 2002. The use of winter refuges by roach tagged with miniature radio transmitters. Hydrobiologia. 483:167-173. doi: 10.1023/a:1021379528719
Lauridsen TL, Jeppesen E, Andersen FØ. 1993. Colonization of submerged macrophytes in shallow fish manipulated Lake Væng: impact of sediment composition and waterfowl grazing. Aquat Bot. 46(1):1-15. doi: 10.1016/0304-3770(93)90061-z
Lauridsen TL, Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M. 1994. Colonization and succession of submerged macrophytes in shallow Lake Væng during the first five years following fish manipulation. In:
Mortensen E, Jeppesen E, Søndergaard M, Nielsen LK, editors. Nutrient Dynamics and Biological Structure in Shallow Freshwater and Brackish Lakes. Switzerland: Springer p. 233-242.
Lehtiniemi M, Engstrom-Öst J, Viitasalo M. 2005. Turbidity decreases anti-predator behaviour in pike larvae, Esox lucius. Environ Biol Fish. 73:1-8. doi: 10.1007/s10641-004-5568-4
Lewin W-C, Okun N, Mehner T. 2004. Determinants of the distribution of juvenile fish in the littoral area of a shallow lake. Freshwat Biol. 49(4):410-424. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01193.x
Menezes RF, Borrchsenius F, Svenning J-C, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen TL, Landkildehus F, Jeppesen E. 2015. Variation in fish community structure, richness and diversity in 56 Danish lakes with contrasting depth and trophic state: does the method matter? Hydrobiologia. 710:47-59. doi: 10.1007/s10750-012-1025-0
Miner JG, Stein RA. 1996. Detection of predators and habitat choice by small bluegills: effects of turbidity and alternative prey. Trans Am Fish Soc. 125(1):97-103.
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