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Species Composition and Spatio-Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton of Lake Uluabat

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 121 - 135, 24.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.279720

Abstract

This study was carried out at three stations of Lake Uluabat between
March 2006 and January 2007. Composition, density and spatio-temporal
variations of phytoplankton of Lake Uluabat were investigated. During the study
period, a total of 169 taxa were identified. 56 taxa belong to Bacillariophyta,
51 to Chlorophyta, 25 to Cyanobacteria, 19 to Euglenophyta, 7 to Miozoa, 6 to
Charophyta and 5 to Ochrophyta. The results of this study were compared with
the previous studies, indicated that the phytoplankton taxa richness were
approximately reduced by half in Lake Uluabat. According to RDA analysis, water
temperature and nitrate nitrogen were the most important physicochemical
parameters that affect species composition, density and spatio-temporal variations
of phytoplankton of Lake Uluabat. The phytoplankton composition of Lake Uluabat
indicated that the trophic state of lake was eutrophic.

References

  • Akbulut A, Dügel M. 2008. Planktonic Diatom Assemblages And Their Relationship to Environmental Varıables in Lakes of Salt Lake Basin (Central Anatolia-Turkey). Fresen Environ Bull. 17(2):154-164.
  • Akçaalan R, Albay M, Gürevin C, Çevik F. 2007. The influence of environmental conditions on the morphological variability of phytoplankton in an oligo-mesotrophic Turkish lake. Ann Limnol -Int J Lim. 43(1):21-28.
  • Artüz Mİ, Korkmaz K.1981. Su kirlenmesi açısından Apolyont Gölünde yapılan araştırmalara ilişkin ön rapor. Hidrobiyoloji Araştırma Enstitüsü Su Kirlenmesi Araştırmaları Kısmı.
  • Aykulu G, Obalı O.1981. Phytoplankton biomass in the Kurtboğazı Dam Lake. Comun Fac Sci Univ Ank. 24:29-45.
  • Bulut C, Atay R, Uysal K, Köse E, Çınar Ş. 2010. Uluabat Gölü yüzey suyu kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi. 25(1):9-18.
  • Çınar Ş, Küçükkara R, Balık İ, Çubuk H. 2013. Uluabat (Apolyont) Gölü'ndeki balık faunasının tespiti, tür kompozisyonu ve ticari avcılığın türlere göre dağılımı. Journal of FisheriesSciencescom. 7(4):309-316.
  • Çınar Ş, Küçükkara R, Ceylan M, Çubuk H, Erol KG, AkçimenU. 2008. Uluabat Gölündeki Kızılkanat (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L., 1758) populasyonunun büyüme parametrelerinin araştırılması. EgeJFAS. 25(4):289- 293.
  • Dalkıran N. 2000. Uluabat (Bursa) Gölü'nün epipelik, epifitik ve epilitik alglerinin mevsimsel değişimi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Uludağ Üniversitesi. 177 s.
  • Demirhindi Ü. 1972. The preliminary planktonic investigations in the coastal lagoons and several brackish water lakes of Turkey. İÜ Fen Fak Mec Seri B. 37(3-4):205-232.
  • Elmacı A, Özengin N, Teksoy A, Olcay Topaç F, Başkaya HS. 2009. Evaluation of trophic state of Lake Uluabat, Turkey. J Environ Biol. 30(5):757-760.
  • EU 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 23 October 2000. Establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities.
  • Fakıoğlu Ö, Demir N. 2011. Beyşehir Gölü Fitoplankton Biyokütlesinin Mevsimsel ve Yersel Değişimleri. Ekoloji. 20(80):23-32. doi: 10.5053/ekoloji.2011.804
  • Felisberto SA, Leandrini JA, Rodrigues L. 2011. Effects of nutrients enrichment on algal communities: An experimental in mesocosms approach. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 23(2):128-137. doi: 10.1590/S2179-975X2011000200003
  • Feng L, Liu S, Wu W, Ma J, Li P, Xu H, Li N, Feng Y. 2016. Dominant genera of cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu and their relationships with environmental factors. J Microbiol. 54(7):468–476. doi: 10.1007/s12275-016-6037-4
  • Guiry MD, Guiry GM. 2016. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. [Erişim tarihi: 01 Ağu 2016]. Erişim Adresi: http://www.algaebase.org
  • Hill MO, Gauch HG. 1980. Detrended Correspondence Analysis: An improved ordination technigue. Vegetatio.42:47-58.
  • Hill MO. 1979. TWINSPAN-a Forttan program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two way table by classification of the individuals and attributes, Cornell University, New York.
  • Huber-Pestalozzi, G. 1961. Das phytoplankton des Sübwassers. 5. Teil. Band XVI. Chlorophyceae, Volvocales. Stuttgart.
  • Hustedt F, 1930. Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) Heft: 10 a Pascher Die Susswasser Flora Mitteleuropas, Gustav Fischer, Germany. 468 s.
  • Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen T, Landkildehus F. 2000. Trophic structure, species richness and biodiversity in Danish lakes: Changes along a phosphorus gradient. Freshwater Biol. 45(2):201–218. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00675.x
  • John, DM, Whitton BA, Brook AJ. 2003. The freshwater algal flora of the british isles. Chambridge University Press, Chambridge. 702 s.
  • Karacaoğlu D, Dalkıran N, Dere Ş. 2006. Factors affecting the phytoplankton diversity and richness in a shallow eutrophic lake in Turkey. J Freshwater Ecol. 21(4):575-581. doi: 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664118
  • Karacaoğlu D, Dere Ş, Dalkıran N. 2004. A taxonomic study on the phytoplankton of Lake Uluabat (Bursa). Turk J Bot. 28:473-485.
  • Karacaoğlu D. 2000. Uluabat Gölü’nün (Bursa) fitoplanktonunun mevsimsel değişimi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Uludağ Üniversitesi. 169 s.
  • Komárek J, Anagnostidis K. 1999. Sübwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Cyanoprokaryota 1. Teil: Chroococcales. Gustav Fischer, Germany. 548 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991a. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 3 Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Gustav Fischer 576 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991b. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 4 Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis. Gustav Fischer 437 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1997a. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 1 Teil: Naviculaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin, 875 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1997b. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 2 Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin 611 s.
  • Leps J, Smilauer P. 2003. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lv J, Wu H, Chen M. 2011. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton composition and biomass in15 subtropical, urban shallow lakes in Wuhan, China. Limnologica. 41(1):48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2010.03.003
  • Nygaard G. 1949. Hydrobiological studies in some ponds and lakes. Part II: The quotient hypothesis and some new or little known phytoplankton organisms. Kgl Danske Vidensk Selsk Biol Skrifter. 7(1):1-293.
  • OECD 1982. Organization for economic cooperation and development. Eutrophication of waters. Monitoring, assessment and control. Technical Report. Environment Directorate. OECD, Paris.
  • Ongun Sevindik T, Tunca H, Önem B, Arabaci Tamer S. 2014. Temporal fluctuations of the phytoplankton community in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River (Northern Turkey). Oceanol Hydrobiol St. 43(4):381-392. doi: 10.2478/s13545-014-0156-5
  • Patrick RC, Reimer W. 1966. The diatoms of the United States. Volume I. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia USA 688 s.
  • Patrick RC, Reimer W. 1975. The diatoms of the United States. Volume II. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia USA 213 s.
  • Prescott GW. 1961. Algae of the Western Great Lakes area. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque Iowa. 976 s.
  • Rawson DS. 1956. Algal indicators of trophic lake types. Limnol Oceanogr. 1(1):18-25. doi: 10.4319/lo.1956.1.1.0018
  • Reynolds CS. 1998.What factors influence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status? Hydrobiologia. 369:11–26. doi: 10.1023/A:1017062213207
  • Scheffer M, Hosper SH, Meijer ML, Moss B, Jeppesen E. 1993. Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends Ecol Evolut. 8:275-279.
  • ter Braak CJF, Prentice IC. 1988. A theory of gradient analysis. Adv Ecol Res, 18:271-317
  • ter Braak CJF, Smilauer P. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for windows user’s guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY, 500 s.
  • Tian C, Pei H, Hu W, Xie J. 2012. Variation of cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake, China. J Environ Sci. 23(8):1394–1402. doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60964-9
  • Touzet N. 2011. Mesoscale survey of western and northwestern Irish lakes e Spatial and aestival patterns in trophic status and phytoplankton community structure. J Environ Manage. 92(10):2844-2854. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.034
  • Ulcay S, Kurt O, Taşkın E, Öztürk M. 2010. Uluabat (Apolyont) Gölü’nde (Bursa) gözlenen mevsimsel toksik mavi-yeşil alg (Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae) çoğalması. BIBAD. 3(1):117-120.
  • Wang L, Wang C, Deng D, Zhao X, Zhou Z. 2015. Temporal and spatial variations in phytoplankton: correlations with environmental factors in Shengjin Lake, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 22(22):14144–14156. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4640-2
  • Yerli SV, Ersin Kıvrak E, Gürbüz H, Manav E, Mangıt F, Türkecan O. 2012. Phytoplankton community, nutrients and Chlorophyll a in Lake Mogan (Turkey); with comparison between current and old data. Turk J Fish Aquat Sc. 12(1):95-104. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_1_12
  • Yılmaz N. 2013. Phytoplankton composition of Sazlidere Dam lake, Istanbul, Turkey. Maejo Int J Sci Technol. 7(2):203-211.
  • Zębek E. 2016. Long-term cyanobacterial dynamics as related to physicochemical water parameters in a restored urban lake. J Elem. 21(1):269-282. doi: 10.5601/jelem.2015.20.2.882

Uluabat Gölü Fitoplankton’unun Tür kompozisyonu ve Zamansal-Mekansal Değişimi

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 121 - 135, 24.12.2016
https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.279720

Abstract

Bu çalışma Uluabat Gölünde Mart 2006 – Ocak 2007 tarihlerinde üç
istasyonda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uluabat Gölü fitoplanktonunun kompozisyonu,
yoğunluğu, zamansal ve mekansal değişimleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma döneminde
169 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonların 56’sı Bacillariophta, 51’i
Chlorophyta, 25’i Cyanobacteria, 19’u Euglenophyta, 7’si Miozoa, 6’sı
Charophyta ve 5’i Ochrophyta’ya aittir. Bu araştırma sonuçları daha önce
gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmalar ile karşılaştırıldığında, Uluabat Gölü takson zenginliğinin
yaklaşık yarı yarıya azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. RDA analizine göre su
sıcaklığı ve nitrat azotunun Uluabat Gölü fitoplanktonunun tür kompozisyonu,
yoğunluğu ve zamansal-mekansal değişimlerini etkileyen en önemli fizikokimyasal
parametreler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fitoplankton kompozisyonuna göre Uluabat
Gölü’nün ötrofik karakterde olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Akbulut A, Dügel M. 2008. Planktonic Diatom Assemblages And Their Relationship to Environmental Varıables in Lakes of Salt Lake Basin (Central Anatolia-Turkey). Fresen Environ Bull. 17(2):154-164.
  • Akçaalan R, Albay M, Gürevin C, Çevik F. 2007. The influence of environmental conditions on the morphological variability of phytoplankton in an oligo-mesotrophic Turkish lake. Ann Limnol -Int J Lim. 43(1):21-28.
  • Artüz Mİ, Korkmaz K.1981. Su kirlenmesi açısından Apolyont Gölünde yapılan araştırmalara ilişkin ön rapor. Hidrobiyoloji Araştırma Enstitüsü Su Kirlenmesi Araştırmaları Kısmı.
  • Aykulu G, Obalı O.1981. Phytoplankton biomass in the Kurtboğazı Dam Lake. Comun Fac Sci Univ Ank. 24:29-45.
  • Bulut C, Atay R, Uysal K, Köse E, Çınar Ş. 2010. Uluabat Gölü yüzey suyu kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi. 25(1):9-18.
  • Çınar Ş, Küçükkara R, Balık İ, Çubuk H. 2013. Uluabat (Apolyont) Gölü'ndeki balık faunasının tespiti, tür kompozisyonu ve ticari avcılığın türlere göre dağılımı. Journal of FisheriesSciencescom. 7(4):309-316.
  • Çınar Ş, Küçükkara R, Ceylan M, Çubuk H, Erol KG, AkçimenU. 2008. Uluabat Gölündeki Kızılkanat (Scardinius erythrophthalmus L., 1758) populasyonunun büyüme parametrelerinin araştırılması. EgeJFAS. 25(4):289- 293.
  • Dalkıran N. 2000. Uluabat (Bursa) Gölü'nün epipelik, epifitik ve epilitik alglerinin mevsimsel değişimi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Uludağ Üniversitesi. 177 s.
  • Demirhindi Ü. 1972. The preliminary planktonic investigations in the coastal lagoons and several brackish water lakes of Turkey. İÜ Fen Fak Mec Seri B. 37(3-4):205-232.
  • Elmacı A, Özengin N, Teksoy A, Olcay Topaç F, Başkaya HS. 2009. Evaluation of trophic state of Lake Uluabat, Turkey. J Environ Biol. 30(5):757-760.
  • EU 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 23 October 2000. Establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities.
  • Fakıoğlu Ö, Demir N. 2011. Beyşehir Gölü Fitoplankton Biyokütlesinin Mevsimsel ve Yersel Değişimleri. Ekoloji. 20(80):23-32. doi: 10.5053/ekoloji.2011.804
  • Felisberto SA, Leandrini JA, Rodrigues L. 2011. Effects of nutrients enrichment on algal communities: An experimental in mesocosms approach. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia. 23(2):128-137. doi: 10.1590/S2179-975X2011000200003
  • Feng L, Liu S, Wu W, Ma J, Li P, Xu H, Li N, Feng Y. 2016. Dominant genera of cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu and their relationships with environmental factors. J Microbiol. 54(7):468–476. doi: 10.1007/s12275-016-6037-4
  • Guiry MD, Guiry GM. 2016. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. [Erişim tarihi: 01 Ağu 2016]. Erişim Adresi: http://www.algaebase.org
  • Hill MO, Gauch HG. 1980. Detrended Correspondence Analysis: An improved ordination technigue. Vegetatio.42:47-58.
  • Hill MO. 1979. TWINSPAN-a Forttan program for arranging multivariate data in an ordered two way table by classification of the individuals and attributes, Cornell University, New York.
  • Huber-Pestalozzi, G. 1961. Das phytoplankton des Sübwassers. 5. Teil. Band XVI. Chlorophyceae, Volvocales. Stuttgart.
  • Hustedt F, 1930. Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) Heft: 10 a Pascher Die Susswasser Flora Mitteleuropas, Gustav Fischer, Germany. 468 s.
  • Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen T, Landkildehus F. 2000. Trophic structure, species richness and biodiversity in Danish lakes: Changes along a phosphorus gradient. Freshwater Biol. 45(2):201–218. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00675.x
  • John, DM, Whitton BA, Brook AJ. 2003. The freshwater algal flora of the british isles. Chambridge University Press, Chambridge. 702 s.
  • Karacaoğlu D, Dalkıran N, Dere Ş. 2006. Factors affecting the phytoplankton diversity and richness in a shallow eutrophic lake in Turkey. J Freshwater Ecol. 21(4):575-581. doi: 10.1080/02705060.2006.9664118
  • Karacaoğlu D, Dere Ş, Dalkıran N. 2004. A taxonomic study on the phytoplankton of Lake Uluabat (Bursa). Turk J Bot. 28:473-485.
  • Karacaoğlu D. 2000. Uluabat Gölü’nün (Bursa) fitoplanktonunun mevsimsel değişimi. [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Uludağ Üniversitesi. 169 s.
  • Komárek J, Anagnostidis K. 1999. Sübwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Cyanoprokaryota 1. Teil: Chroococcales. Gustav Fischer, Germany. 548 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991a. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 3 Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Gustav Fischer 576 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991b. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 4 Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema. Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis. Gustav Fischer 437 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1997a. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 1 Teil: Naviculaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin, 875 s.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1997b. Süβwasserflora von mitteleuropa, Bacillariophyceae 2 Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg Berlin 611 s.
  • Leps J, Smilauer P. 2003. Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lv J, Wu H, Chen M. 2011. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton composition and biomass in15 subtropical, urban shallow lakes in Wuhan, China. Limnologica. 41(1):48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2010.03.003
  • Nygaard G. 1949. Hydrobiological studies in some ponds and lakes. Part II: The quotient hypothesis and some new or little known phytoplankton organisms. Kgl Danske Vidensk Selsk Biol Skrifter. 7(1):1-293.
  • OECD 1982. Organization for economic cooperation and development. Eutrophication of waters. Monitoring, assessment and control. Technical Report. Environment Directorate. OECD, Paris.
  • Ongun Sevindik T, Tunca H, Önem B, Arabaci Tamer S. 2014. Temporal fluctuations of the phytoplankton community in an isolated floodplain lake (North Mollaköy Lake) of the Sakarya River (Northern Turkey). Oceanol Hydrobiol St. 43(4):381-392. doi: 10.2478/s13545-014-0156-5
  • Patrick RC, Reimer W. 1966. The diatoms of the United States. Volume I. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia USA 688 s.
  • Patrick RC, Reimer W. 1975. The diatoms of the United States. Volume II. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia USA 213 s.
  • Prescott GW. 1961. Algae of the Western Great Lakes area. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque Iowa. 976 s.
  • Rawson DS. 1956. Algal indicators of trophic lake types. Limnol Oceanogr. 1(1):18-25. doi: 10.4319/lo.1956.1.1.0018
  • Reynolds CS. 1998.What factors influence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status? Hydrobiologia. 369:11–26. doi: 10.1023/A:1017062213207
  • Scheffer M, Hosper SH, Meijer ML, Moss B, Jeppesen E. 1993. Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends Ecol Evolut. 8:275-279.
  • ter Braak CJF, Prentice IC. 1988. A theory of gradient analysis. Adv Ecol Res, 18:271-317
  • ter Braak CJF, Smilauer P. 2002. CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for windows user’s guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY, 500 s.
  • Tian C, Pei H, Hu W, Xie J. 2012. Variation of cyanobacteria with different environmental conditions in Nansi Lake, China. J Environ Sci. 23(8):1394–1402. doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(11)60964-9
  • Touzet N. 2011. Mesoscale survey of western and northwestern Irish lakes e Spatial and aestival patterns in trophic status and phytoplankton community structure. J Environ Manage. 92(10):2844-2854. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.034
  • Ulcay S, Kurt O, Taşkın E, Öztürk M. 2010. Uluabat (Apolyont) Gölü’nde (Bursa) gözlenen mevsimsel toksik mavi-yeşil alg (Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae) çoğalması. BIBAD. 3(1):117-120.
  • Wang L, Wang C, Deng D, Zhao X, Zhou Z. 2015. Temporal and spatial variations in phytoplankton: correlations with environmental factors in Shengjin Lake, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 22(22):14144–14156. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4640-2
  • Yerli SV, Ersin Kıvrak E, Gürbüz H, Manav E, Mangıt F, Türkecan O. 2012. Phytoplankton community, nutrients and Chlorophyll a in Lake Mogan (Turkey); with comparison between current and old data. Turk J Fish Aquat Sc. 12(1):95-104. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_1_12
  • Yılmaz N. 2013. Phytoplankton composition of Sazlidere Dam lake, Istanbul, Turkey. Maejo Int J Sci Technol. 7(2):203-211.
  • Zębek E. 2016. Long-term cyanobacterial dynamics as related to physicochemical water parameters in a restored urban lake. J Elem. 21(1):269-282. doi: 10.5601/jelem.2015.20.2.882
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nurhayat Dalkıran

Didem Karacaoğlu

Şükran Dere

Şakir Çınar

Cafer Bulut

Soner Savaşer

Publication Date December 24, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Dalkıran, N., Karacaoğlu, D., Dere, Ş., Çınar, Ş., et al. (2016). Species Composition and Spatio-Temporal Variations of Phytoplankton of Lake Uluabat. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 2(3), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.279720