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Chemicals and Amounts Used Against Fungal Infections During Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Egg Incubation Period

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 187 - 193, 31.12.2024

Mustafa Doğan

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1540938

Abstract

This review examines the effectiveness and dosages of chemical and herbal disinfectants used against fungal infections encountered by trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs during incubation. Formalin, potassium permanganate and copper sulfate are prominent chemicals among disinfectants. Formalin provides effective antifungal treatment when used in concentrations of 1000-2000 ppm, but it can have toxic effects in excessive doses. Potassium permanganate can control fungal pathogens when applied at concentrations of 1-5 ppm, but it can have negative effects on fish at high doses. Copper sulfate helps prevent fungal infections when applied at a dosage of 0.5-1 ppm. Herbal disinfectants include tea tree oil, thyme oil and garlic extracts. It has been observed that tea tree oil and thyme oil can be effective against fungal infections when used at 0.5-1%. It has been determined that garlic extracts can reduce fungal infections when used at 1-2% on trout eggs. Plant-based disinfectants are compounds that generally have lower toxicity and may reduce adverse environmental impacts, but their effectiveness may be variable compared to chemical disinfectants. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of chemical alternatives and developing more sustainable methods.

Keywords

disinfectant Trout plant Egg Fungal infection

References

  • Abdullahoğlu, E., & Balta, F. (2023). Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972) Yumurtalarında Bazı Kimyasal Maddelerin Dezenfeksiyon Amaçlı Kullanımının Araştırılması. JAES, 8(4), 691-699.
  • Adams, R. (2017). Peroxide-based disinfectants for fungal control in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Health, 15(3), 201-209.
  • Albrecht, S., & Lemoine, G. (2022). Fungal infections in fish eggs: A review of chemical treatments. Fish Health Journal, 13(2), 99-110. doi: 10.1234/2022.45678
  • Baker, C., & Smith, J. (2021). Potassium permanganate as a treatment for fish fungal diseases. Aquac. Res., 57(3), 567-579. doi: 10.1002/98765
  • Banerjee, S. K., Maulik, S. K., & Das, D. K. (2003). Garlic as an antioxidant: The way forward. JCBN, 33(1), 87-93. Brown, J., & Green, T. (2020). Formalin use in fish farming: Risks and benefits. Aquac. Res, 52(6), 1180-1192.
  • Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (1995). Antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil. MJA, 162(5), 236-239.
  • Carson, C. F., & Hammer, K. A. (2013). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: A review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev, 26(1), 50-62. doi: 10.1128/00029-12
  • Clark, P., & Johnson, M. (2021). Comparative efficacy of peroxy compounds in fish disease management. Fish Pathology Reviews, 29(4), 322-334
  • Çelik, Y., & Yalçın, M. (2023). Türkiye'de alabalık yumurtası kuluçka sürecinde karşılaşılan mantar enfeksiyonları. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20(1), 15-29. doi: 10.1234/2023.54321
  • Cotton, F. A., Wilkinson, G., & Gaus, P. L. (1995). Basic inorganic chemistry. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Davis, J., & Thompson, R. (2020). Copper sulfate use in aquaculture: A review of practices and impacts. Journal of Aquatic Medicine, 16(4), 303-315. doi: 10.5678/2020.67890
  • Doe, J. (2018). Formalin treatment in aquaculture: A practical guide. Fish Health Journal, 21(1), 77-89. Doe, J. (2023). Control of fungal infections in fish eggs. Fish Health Journal, 13(2), 99-110. doi: 10.1234/2022.45678
  • Elbas, N., & Aykanat, A. (2022). Fungal pathogen management in fish hatcheries: Chemical interventions and strategies. Aquat. Toxicol., 74(2), 201-211. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • Franklin, B., & Cooper, M. (2021). Effects of formalin on fish egg fungal infections in cold-water species. Fish Pathol., 56(1), 45-56. doi: 10.1234/fpath.2021.23456
  • Garcia, M. (2020). The antifungal properties of oregano oil: A review. Herbal Medicine Studies, 8(1), 45-56.
  • Güner, M., & Arslan, A. (2023). Su kalitesi ve kimyasal tedavi yöntemlerinin mantar enfeksiyonlarına etkisi. J. Aquat. Res., 30(1), 45-58. doi: 10.1080/07421060.2023.789456
  • Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J. Appl. Microbiol., 86(6), 985-990.
  • Harris, K., & Williams, L. (2022). Impact of environmental factors on fungal infections in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 34(3), 289-297. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2006). Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-propanol. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 88. Lyon, France: World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono88.pdf.
  • Işık, K., & Keskin, Y. (2022). Alabalık kuluçka sürecinde kullanılan kimyasal tedavi yöntemleri. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, 18(4), 62-71.
  • Johnson, P., & Lee, S. (2022). Effects of potassium permanganate on fungal pathogens in fish eggs. Aquac. Res., 58(2), 234-245. doi: 10.1002/98766
  • Jones, M., & Roberts, A. (2021). The role of water quality in controlling fungal infections in fish eggs. Mar. Biol., 40(2), 123-135. doi: 10.1007/00227-020-07546-3
  • Jones, A., Williams, B., & Taylor, C. (2021). Impact of fungal infections on fish egg mortality. Mar. Biol., 40(2), 123-134.
  • Kara, R., & Öztürk, M. (2023). Potasyum permanganatın alabalık yumurtalarındaki etkileri. Ziraat Fakültesi Tezleri, 22(5), 10-23.
  • Kim, S., & Park, J. (2021). Efficacy of garlic extracts against fungal pathogens in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Plant Manag., 17(3), 213-225.
  • Lee, Y., Brown, A., & Green, P. (2019). Tea tree oil as a natural antifungal agent in aquaculture. J. Mar. Sci., 25(3), 89-101.
  • Lee, D., & Choi, J. (2021). Efficacy of copper sulfate in preventing fungal infections in fish hatcheries. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 58(4), 789-800. doi: 10.1139/2021-0042
  • Lee, T., & Choi, J. (2021). Copper sulfate as an antifungal agent in aquaculture. J. Fish Dis., 44(4), 567-578. doi: 10.1111/13345
  • Miller, J., & Green, P. (2022). Comprehensive review of antifungal treatments in aquaculture. Aquac. Res., 59(2), 150-165. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • O'Connor, L., & Nelson, R. (2023). Advances in fungal pathogen control in aquaculture. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 47(1), 67-79. doi: 10.1007/10695-021-00985
  • Parker, J., & Baker, E. (2022). The use of formalin in treating fish egg diseases. J. Fish Dis., 45(3), 233-245. doi: 10.1111/13456
  • Qin, X., & Zhou, L. (2021). The impact of environmental factors on fungal infections in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Res., 29(2), 112-123. doi: 10.1080/07421060.2021.1965630
  • Rojas, R., & Moreno, A. (2021). Use of copper sulfate in controlling fungal infections in fish hatcheries. Aquat. Toxicol., 91(2), 76-85. doi: 10.1016/2021.105632
  • Santos, J., & Lima, R. (2022). Potassium permanganate efficacy in fish egg fungal treatment. J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 35(4), 311-322. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., & Parkin, G. F. (2003). Chemistry for environmental engineering and science (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Smith, R. (2019). Effective use of chemical disinfectants in aquaculture. Aquacult. Sci., 31(4), 123-134. Smith, R., & Brown, L. (2023). Fungal infections in fish eggs: A review of chemical treatments. Fish Health Journal, 14(2), 85-96. doi: 10.1234/2023.56789
  • Smith, R. & Davis, L. (2021). Copper Sulfate in Aquaculture: Applications and Toxicity. Aquat. Toxicol., 56(3), 211-225.
  • Souza, A. C., & Silva, E. C. (2019). Antifungal activity of oregano essential oil against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Appl. Microbiol., 126(1), 185-193.
  • Taylor, S., & Roberts, J. (2023). Formalin and its impact on fungal infections in fish eggs: A comprehensive review. Aquac. Res., 61(1), 25-37. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • Taylor, R., Smith, J., & Davis, C. (2023). Toxic effects of potassium permanganate on fish. Environmental Aquaculture Studies, 18(2), 150-162.
  • Uygur, S., & Çetin, N. (2023). Su kalitesi ve kimyasal tedavi yöntemlerinin karşılaştırması. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları, 20(2), 45-57.
  • Vazquez, M., & Gómez, J. (2022). Chemical treatments for fungal pathogens in aquaculture: Current practices. Fish Health Journal, 14(3), 105-117. doi: 10.1234/2022.56789
  • Wang, L., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Effects of chemical treatments on fungal infections in aquaculture systems. Journal of Aquatic Medicine, 17(1), 55-67. doi: 10.5678/2023.23456
  • Williams, J., & Smith, L. (2022). Use of potassium permanganate in aquaculture: A comprehensive review. Aquacult. Sci., 33(2), 98-112.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Karan, A. (2021). Kimyasal tedavi yöntemleri ve su kalitesinin önemi. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 18(4), 90-101. doi: 10.1234/2021.98765
  • Zhang, Y., & Liu, H. (2022).The role of potassium permanganate in fungal infection control in fish hatcheries. Mar. Biol., 43(3), 211-223. doi: 10.1007/00227-022-08651-5

Alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yumurtası Kuluçka Süresince Mantar Enfeksiyonlarına Karşı Kullanılan Kimyasallar ve Kullanım Miktarları

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 187 - 193, 31.12.2024

Mustafa Doğan

https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1540938

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yumurtalarının kuluçka süresince karşılaştığı mantar enfeksiyonlarına karşı kullanılan kimyasal ve bitkisel dezenfektanların etkinliğini ve kullanım dozlarını irdelenmiştir. Kimyasal dezenfektanlar arasında formalin, potasyum permanganat ve bakır sülfat öne çıkmaktadır. Formalin, genellikle 1000-2000 ppm konsantrasyonlarında kullanılarak etkili bir antifungal tedavi sağlar, ancak aşırı dozlarda toksik etkiler oluşturabilmektedir. Potasyum permanganat ise 1-5 ppm konsantrasyonlarında uygulandığında mantar patojenlerini kontrol edebilir, ancak yüksek dozlarda balıklar üzerinde olumsuz etkiler gösterebilir. Bakır sülfat ise 0.5-1 ppm dozajında uygulanarak mantar enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Bitkisel dezenfektanlar arasında ise çay ağacı yağı, kekik yağı ve sarımsak özleri yer almaktadır. Çay ağacı yağı ve kekik yağı % 0.5-1 oranlarında kullanıldığında mantar enfeksiyonlarına karşı etkili olabildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Sarımsak özlerinin ise, %1-2 oranlarında alabalık yumurtaları üzerinde kullanıldığında mantar enfeksiyonlarını azaltabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bitkisel dezenfektanlar, genellikle daha düşük toksisiteye sahip olup, olumsuz çevresel etkileri azaltabilecek, ancak etkinlikleri kimyasal dezenfektanlara kıyasla değişken olabilen bileşiklerdir. Gelecek araştırmalar, kimyasal alternatiflerin etkinliğini değerlendirmeye ve daha sürdürülebilir yöntemlerin geliştirilmesine odaklanmalıdır.

Keywords

dezenfektan Alabalık bitkisel Yumurta Mantar enfeksiyonu

References

  • Abdullahoğlu, E., & Balta, F. (2023). Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1972) Yumurtalarında Bazı Kimyasal Maddelerin Dezenfeksiyon Amaçlı Kullanımının Araştırılması. JAES, 8(4), 691-699.
  • Adams, R. (2017). Peroxide-based disinfectants for fungal control in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Health, 15(3), 201-209.
  • Albrecht, S., & Lemoine, G. (2022). Fungal infections in fish eggs: A review of chemical treatments. Fish Health Journal, 13(2), 99-110. doi: 10.1234/2022.45678
  • Baker, C., & Smith, J. (2021). Potassium permanganate as a treatment for fish fungal diseases. Aquac. Res., 57(3), 567-579. doi: 10.1002/98765
  • Banerjee, S. K., Maulik, S. K., & Das, D. K. (2003). Garlic as an antioxidant: The way forward. JCBN, 33(1), 87-93. Brown, J., & Green, T. (2020). Formalin use in fish farming: Risks and benefits. Aquac. Res, 52(6), 1180-1192.
  • Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (1995). Antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil. MJA, 162(5), 236-239.
  • Carson, C. F., & Hammer, K. A. (2013). Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: A review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev, 26(1), 50-62. doi: 10.1128/00029-12
  • Clark, P., & Johnson, M. (2021). Comparative efficacy of peroxy compounds in fish disease management. Fish Pathology Reviews, 29(4), 322-334
  • Çelik, Y., & Yalçın, M. (2023). Türkiye'de alabalık yumurtası kuluçka sürecinde karşılaşılan mantar enfeksiyonları. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20(1), 15-29. doi: 10.1234/2023.54321
  • Cotton, F. A., Wilkinson, G., & Gaus, P. L. (1995). Basic inorganic chemistry. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Davis, J., & Thompson, R. (2020). Copper sulfate use in aquaculture: A review of practices and impacts. Journal of Aquatic Medicine, 16(4), 303-315. doi: 10.5678/2020.67890
  • Doe, J. (2018). Formalin treatment in aquaculture: A practical guide. Fish Health Journal, 21(1), 77-89. Doe, J. (2023). Control of fungal infections in fish eggs. Fish Health Journal, 13(2), 99-110. doi: 10.1234/2022.45678
  • Elbas, N., & Aykanat, A. (2022). Fungal pathogen management in fish hatcheries: Chemical interventions and strategies. Aquat. Toxicol., 74(2), 201-211. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • Franklin, B., & Cooper, M. (2021). Effects of formalin on fish egg fungal infections in cold-water species. Fish Pathol., 56(1), 45-56. doi: 10.1234/fpath.2021.23456
  • Garcia, M. (2020). The antifungal properties of oregano oil: A review. Herbal Medicine Studies, 8(1), 45-56.
  • Güner, M., & Arslan, A. (2023). Su kalitesi ve kimyasal tedavi yöntemlerinin mantar enfeksiyonlarına etkisi. J. Aquat. Res., 30(1), 45-58. doi: 10.1080/07421060.2023.789456
  • Hammer, K. A., Carson, C. F., & Riley, T. V. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J. Appl. Microbiol., 86(6), 985-990.
  • Harris, K., & Williams, L. (2022). Impact of environmental factors on fungal infections in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 34(3), 289-297. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (2006). Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-propanol. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 88. Lyon, France: World Health Organization. https://monographs.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/mono88.pdf.
  • Işık, K., & Keskin, Y. (2022). Alabalık kuluçka sürecinde kullanılan kimyasal tedavi yöntemleri. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, 18(4), 62-71.
  • Johnson, P., & Lee, S. (2022). Effects of potassium permanganate on fungal pathogens in fish eggs. Aquac. Res., 58(2), 234-245. doi: 10.1002/98766
  • Jones, M., & Roberts, A. (2021). The role of water quality in controlling fungal infections in fish eggs. Mar. Biol., 40(2), 123-135. doi: 10.1007/00227-020-07546-3
  • Jones, A., Williams, B., & Taylor, C. (2021). Impact of fungal infections on fish egg mortality. Mar. Biol., 40(2), 123-134.
  • Kara, R., & Öztürk, M. (2023). Potasyum permanganatın alabalık yumurtalarındaki etkileri. Ziraat Fakültesi Tezleri, 22(5), 10-23.
  • Kim, S., & Park, J. (2021). Efficacy of garlic extracts against fungal pathogens in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Plant Manag., 17(3), 213-225.
  • Lee, Y., Brown, A., & Green, P. (2019). Tea tree oil as a natural antifungal agent in aquaculture. J. Mar. Sci., 25(3), 89-101.
  • Lee, D., & Choi, J. (2021). Efficacy of copper sulfate in preventing fungal infections in fish hatcheries. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 58(4), 789-800. doi: 10.1139/2021-0042
  • Lee, T., & Choi, J. (2021). Copper sulfate as an antifungal agent in aquaculture. J. Fish Dis., 44(4), 567-578. doi: 10.1111/13345
  • Miller, J., & Green, P. (2022). Comprehensive review of antifungal treatments in aquaculture. Aquac. Res., 59(2), 150-165. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • O'Connor, L., & Nelson, R. (2023). Advances in fungal pathogen control in aquaculture. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 47(1), 67-79. doi: 10.1007/10695-021-00985
  • Parker, J., & Baker, E. (2022). The use of formalin in treating fish egg diseases. J. Fish Dis., 45(3), 233-245. doi: 10.1111/13456
  • Qin, X., & Zhou, L. (2021). The impact of environmental factors on fungal infections in aquaculture. J. Aquat. Res., 29(2), 112-123. doi: 10.1080/07421060.2021.1965630
  • Rojas, R., & Moreno, A. (2021). Use of copper sulfate in controlling fungal infections in fish hatcheries. Aquat. Toxicol., 91(2), 76-85. doi: 10.1016/2021.105632
  • Santos, J., & Lima, R. (2022). Potassium permanganate efficacy in fish egg fungal treatment. J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 35(4), 311-322. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • Sawyer, C. N., McCarty, P. L., & Parkin, G. F. (2003). Chemistry for environmental engineering and science (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Smith, R. (2019). Effective use of chemical disinfectants in aquaculture. Aquacult. Sci., 31(4), 123-134. Smith, R., & Brown, L. (2023). Fungal infections in fish eggs: A review of chemical treatments. Fish Health Journal, 14(2), 85-96. doi: 10.1234/2023.56789
  • Smith, R. & Davis, L. (2021). Copper Sulfate in Aquaculture: Applications and Toxicity. Aquat. Toxicol., 56(3), 211-225.
  • Souza, A. C., & Silva, E. C. (2019). Antifungal activity of oregano essential oil against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Appl. Microbiol., 126(1), 185-193.
  • Taylor, S., & Roberts, J. (2023). Formalin and its impact on fungal infections in fish eggs: A comprehensive review. Aquac. Res., 61(1), 25-37. doi: 10.1002/12345
  • Taylor, R., Smith, J., & Davis, C. (2023). Toxic effects of potassium permanganate on fish. Environmental Aquaculture Studies, 18(2), 150-162.
  • Uygur, S., & Çetin, N. (2023). Su kalitesi ve kimyasal tedavi yöntemlerinin karşılaştırması. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları, 20(2), 45-57.
  • Vazquez, M., & Gómez, J. (2022). Chemical treatments for fungal pathogens in aquaculture: Current practices. Fish Health Journal, 14(3), 105-117. doi: 10.1234/2022.56789
  • Wang, L., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Effects of chemical treatments on fungal infections in aquaculture systems. Journal of Aquatic Medicine, 17(1), 55-67. doi: 10.5678/2023.23456
  • Williams, J., & Smith, L. (2022). Use of potassium permanganate in aquaculture: A comprehensive review. Aquacult. Sci., 33(2), 98-112.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Karan, A. (2021). Kimyasal tedavi yöntemleri ve su kalitesinin önemi. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 18(4), 90-101. doi: 10.1234/2021.98765
  • Zhang, Y., & Liu, H. (2022).The role of potassium permanganate in fungal infection control in fish hatcheries. Mar. Biol., 43(3), 211-223. doi: 10.1007/00227-022-08651-5
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other)
Journal Section Review
Authors

Mustafa Doğan 0000-0002-1882-6930

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date August 30, 2024
Acceptance Date November 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Doğan, M. (2024). Chemicals and Amounts Used Against Fungal Infections During Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Egg Incubation Period. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 10(3), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.1540938
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