Research Article
The Comparative Gut Content Analysis of Some Chironomidae Larvae Living in the Freshwaters at Northern Thrace Region of Turkey
Abstract
The roles of larval chironomids in the food chain of both the lotic and the lentic ecosystems are very important. On the one hand, chironomid larvae feeding on algae, diatoms, rotting organic matter, plant, and animal residues also play an important role in these systems as a source of food for other carnivores and omnivorous organisms. In this study, the gut contents of Cryptochironomus defectus (Kieffer, 1913), Cladotanytarsus mancus (Walker, 1856), Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank, 1803), Tanypus kraatzi (Kieffer, 1912) collected from the freshwater ecosystems located in the northern parts of the Thrace region of Turkey were analyzed to compare their feeding habits. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that while plant fragments were dominant in C. defectus species in the gut content (44.3%), algae were dominant for C. mancus (44.7%), P. scalaenum (63.5%), T. kraatzi (65%). According to the results of the Shannon-Wiener (H') index species, diversity of the P. scalaenum was found to be the highest among the larvae (H'= 1.345). Also, according to the Bray-Curtis similarity index, the most similar types of gut contents were P. scalaenum and C. defectus (38%). This low rate indicated that the species have different food preferences.
Keywords
References
- Addinsoft. 2015. XLSTAT, Data analysis and statistics with MS Excel. Addinsoft, NY, USA. Available from http:// www.xlstat.com/en/home
- Armitage P, Cranston PS, Pinder L. 1995. The Chironomidae: Biology and ecology of non-biting midges. London, UK: Chapman and Hall 572 p.
- Baker AS, McLachlan AJ. 1979. Food preferences of Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Hydrobiologia. 62:283-288. doi:10.1007/BF00043546
- Berg MB. 1995. Larval food and feeding behaviour. In: Armitage PD, Cranston PS, Pinder LCV, editors. The Chironomidae. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 136–168. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0715-0_7
- Butakka CMM, Ragonhab FH, Trainb S, Pinhab GD, Takedab AM. 2016. Chironomidae feeding habits in different habitats from a Neotropical floodplain: exploring patterns in aquatic food webs. Braz J Biol. 76(1):117–125. doi:10.1590/1519-6984.14614
- Cattaneo A. 1983. Grazing on epiphytes. Limnol Oceanogr. 28(1):124–132
- Dukowska M, Grzybkowska M, Sitkowska M, Zelazna-Wiec-zorek J, Szela˛g-Wasilewska E. 1999. Food resource partitioning between chironomid species connected with submerged vegetation in the River Warta below the dam reservoir, Poland. Acta Hydrobiol. 41(Suppl 6):219–229.
- Epler JH. 2001. Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. USA: Crawfordville 53 p.
- Fittkau EJ, Roback SS. 1983. The larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region – Keys and diagnoses. In Wiederholm T, editor. Chironomidae of the holarctic region: keys and diagnoses. Vol 1. Larvae. Entomol Scand Suppl. 19:33-110.
- Galizzi MC, Zilli F, Marchese M. 2012. Diet and functional feeding groups of Chironomidae (Diptera) in the Middle Paraná River floodplain (Argentina). Iheringia Ser Zool. 102(2):117-121. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212012000200001
- Guiry MD, Guiry GM. 2020. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from http://www.algaebase.org.
- Hillebrand H, Dürselen C, Kirschtel D, Pollingher U, Zohary T. 1999. Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J Phycol. 35(2):403-424. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3520403.x
- Hindak F. 2008. Colour atlas of Cyanophytes. Bratislava, Slovakia: VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences 253 p.
- Huber-Pestalozzi G. 1982. Das phytoplankton des Süßwasser Teil: 8 E. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlund (N ägele U. Obermiller).
- John DM, Whitton BA, Brook, JA. 2002. The freshwater algal flora of British Isles, An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 702 p,
- Komárek J, Anagnostidis K. 2005. Cyanoprokariota. 2. Teil: Oscillatoriales. In: Büdel B, Gärtner G, Krienitz L, Schagerl M, editors. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Heidelberg: Elsevier.
- Kornijo´w R, Markiyanova M, Lange E. 2019. Feeding by two closely related species of Chironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in south Baltic lagoons, with implications for competitive interactions and resource partitioning. Aquat Ecol. 53(3):315-324. doi: 10.1007/s10452-019-09691-7
- Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1986-2004. Bacillariophyceae. 1-4 Teil. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. H Ettl, J Gerloff, H Heynig, and D Mollenhauer, editors. Germany: Springer Spektrum.
- Kristiansen J, Preisig HR. 2011. Phylum chrysophyta (Golden Algae). In: John DM, Whitton BA, Brook AJ, editors. The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 281-310.
- Manko P. 2016. Stomach content analysis in freshwater fish feeding ecology. Vydavateľstvo Prešovskej Univerzity, ISBN 978-80-555-1613-4. [cited 2020 March 20]. Available from https://www.unipo.sk/public/media/30699/2016_PV_MANKO_Stomach_content_fish.pdf
- Öterler B, Aydın GB, Çamur-Elipek B. 2018. Qualitative and quantitative examination of algal flora in the gut content of Tanypus punctipennis Meigen, 1818. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 22(1):88-94. doi:10.19113/sdufbed.45882
- Pinder LCV, Reiss F. 1983. The larvae of chironominae (diptera: chironomidae) of the holarctic region – keys and diagnoses. In Wiederholm T, editor. Chironomidae of the holarctic region: keys and diagnoses. Vol 1. Larvae. Entomol ScandSuppl. 19:149-294.
- Rodina AG. 1971. The role of bacteria in feeding of the tendipedid larvae. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Translation Series No.1848.
- Round FE, Crawford RM, Mann DG. 1990. The diatoms, biology & morphology of the genera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 747 p.
- Saether OA. 1980. Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomol Scand Suppl. 14:1-51.
- Sanseverino AM, Nessimian JL. 2008. The food of larval Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) in submerged litter in a forest stream of the Atlantic Forest (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Acta Limnol Bras. 20(1):15-20.
- Silva FL, Ruiz SS, Bochini GL, Moreira DC. 2008. Functional feeding habits of Chironomidae larvae (Insecta, Dipotera) in a lotic system from Midwestern Region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Panamjas, 3(2):135–141.
- Sun J, Liu D. 2003. Geometric models for calculating cell biovolume and surface area for phytoplankton. J Plankton Res. 25(11):1331–1346. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbg096
- Tarkowska-Kukuryk M. 2013. Periphytic algae as food source for grazing chironomids in a shallow phytoplankton-dominated lake. Limnologica. 43(2013):254–264. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2012.11.004
- Tokeshi M. 1986. Resource utilization overlap and temporal community dynamics: a null model analysis of an epiphytic chironomids community. J Anim Ecol. 55(2):491–506. doi:org/10.2307/4733
- Vallenduuk JH, Morozova E. 2005. Cryptochironomus, an identification key to the larvae and pupal exuviae in Europe. Lauterbornia. 55:1-22.
Türkiye'nin Kuzey Trakya Bölgesi'ndeki Tatlı Sularda Yaşayan Bazı Chironomidae Larvalarının Karşılaştırmalı Mide İçerik Analizi
Abstract
Gerek lotik gerekse lentik ekosistemlerin besin zincirinde larval chironomidlerin rolü oldukça büyüktür. Ayrıca, algler, diyatomlar, çürüyen organik madde, bitki ve hayvan kalıntıları ile beslenen chironomid larvaları, bu sistemlerde diğer karnivor ve omnivor organizmalar için bir besin kaynağı olarak da önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Trakya Bölgesi’nin kuzey bölgelerinde bulunan tatlı su ekosistemlerinden toplanan Cryptochironomus defectus (Kieffer, 1913), Cladotanytarsus mancus (Walker, 1856), Polypedilum scalaenum (Schrank, 1803), Tanypus kraatzi (Kieffer, 1912) türlerinin mide içerikleri, bu türlerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını karşılaştırmak için analiz edildi. Analiz sonucunda C. defectus’un mide içeriğinde (%44,3) bitki parçalarının baskın olduğu, C. mancus (%44,7), P. scalaenum (%63,5), T kraatzi (%65) için alglerin baskın olduğu belirlendi. Shannon-Wiener (H ') indeksi sonuçlarına göre, P. scalaenum’un mide içeriğinin çeşitliliğinin larvalar arasında en yüksek olduğu bulundu (H' = 1,345). Ayrıca, Bray-Curtis benzerlik endeksine göre, mide içeriği en benzer P. scalaenum ve C. defectus olduğu saptandı (%38). Bu düşük oran, türlerin farklı besin tercihlerine sahip olduğunu gösterdi.
References
- Addinsoft. 2015. XLSTAT, Data analysis and statistics with MS Excel. Addinsoft, NY, USA. Available from http:// www.xlstat.com/en/home
- Armitage P, Cranston PS, Pinder L. 1995. The Chironomidae: Biology and ecology of non-biting midges. London, UK: Chapman and Hall 572 p.
- Baker AS, McLachlan AJ. 1979. Food preferences of Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Hydrobiologia. 62:283-288. doi:10.1007/BF00043546
- Berg MB. 1995. Larval food and feeding behaviour. In: Armitage PD, Cranston PS, Pinder LCV, editors. The Chironomidae. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 136–168. doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0715-0_7
- Butakka CMM, Ragonhab FH, Trainb S, Pinhab GD, Takedab AM. 2016. Chironomidae feeding habits in different habitats from a Neotropical floodplain: exploring patterns in aquatic food webs. Braz J Biol. 76(1):117–125. doi:10.1590/1519-6984.14614
- Cattaneo A. 1983. Grazing on epiphytes. Limnol Oceanogr. 28(1):124–132
- Dukowska M, Grzybkowska M, Sitkowska M, Zelazna-Wiec-zorek J, Szela˛g-Wasilewska E. 1999. Food resource partitioning between chironomid species connected with submerged vegetation in the River Warta below the dam reservoir, Poland. Acta Hydrobiol. 41(Suppl 6):219–229.
- Epler JH. 2001. Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. USA: Crawfordville 53 p.
- Fittkau EJ, Roback SS. 1983. The larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region – Keys and diagnoses. In Wiederholm T, editor. Chironomidae of the holarctic region: keys and diagnoses. Vol 1. Larvae. Entomol Scand Suppl. 19:33-110.
- Galizzi MC, Zilli F, Marchese M. 2012. Diet and functional feeding groups of Chironomidae (Diptera) in the Middle Paraná River floodplain (Argentina). Iheringia Ser Zool. 102(2):117-121. doi:10.1590/S0073-47212012000200001
- Guiry MD, Guiry GM. 2020. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. [cited 2020 May 20]. Available from http://www.algaebase.org.
- Hillebrand H, Dürselen C, Kirschtel D, Pollingher U, Zohary T. 1999. Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae. J Phycol. 35(2):403-424. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.3520403.x
- Hindak F. 2008. Colour atlas of Cyanophytes. Bratislava, Slovakia: VEDA, Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences 253 p.
- Huber-Pestalozzi G. 1982. Das phytoplankton des Süßwasser Teil: 8 E. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlund (N ägele U. Obermiller).
- John DM, Whitton BA, Brook, JA. 2002. The freshwater algal flora of British Isles, An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 702 p,
- Komárek J, Anagnostidis K. 2005. Cyanoprokariota. 2. Teil: Oscillatoriales. In: Büdel B, Gärtner G, Krienitz L, Schagerl M, editors. Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Heidelberg: Elsevier.
- Kornijo´w R, Markiyanova M, Lange E. 2019. Feeding by two closely related species of Chironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in south Baltic lagoons, with implications for competitive interactions and resource partitioning. Aquat Ecol. 53(3):315-324. doi: 10.1007/s10452-019-09691-7
- Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1986-2004. Bacillariophyceae. 1-4 Teil. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. H Ettl, J Gerloff, H Heynig, and D Mollenhauer, editors. Germany: Springer Spektrum.
- Kristiansen J, Preisig HR. 2011. Phylum chrysophyta (Golden Algae). In: John DM, Whitton BA, Brook AJ, editors. The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 281-310.
- Manko P. 2016. Stomach content analysis in freshwater fish feeding ecology. Vydavateľstvo Prešovskej Univerzity, ISBN 978-80-555-1613-4. [cited 2020 March 20]. Available from https://www.unipo.sk/public/media/30699/2016_PV_MANKO_Stomach_content_fish.pdf
- Öterler B, Aydın GB, Çamur-Elipek B. 2018. Qualitative and quantitative examination of algal flora in the gut content of Tanypus punctipennis Meigen, 1818. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 22(1):88-94. doi:10.19113/sdufbed.45882
- Pinder LCV, Reiss F. 1983. The larvae of chironominae (diptera: chironomidae) of the holarctic region – keys and diagnoses. In Wiederholm T, editor. Chironomidae of the holarctic region: keys and diagnoses. Vol 1. Larvae. Entomol ScandSuppl. 19:149-294.
- Rodina AG. 1971. The role of bacteria in feeding of the tendipedid larvae. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Translation Series No.1848.
- Round FE, Crawford RM, Mann DG. 1990. The diatoms, biology & morphology of the genera. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 747 p.
- Saether OA. 1980. Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomol Scand Suppl. 14:1-51.
- Sanseverino AM, Nessimian JL. 2008. The food of larval Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) in submerged litter in a forest stream of the Atlantic Forest (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Acta Limnol Bras. 20(1):15-20.
- Silva FL, Ruiz SS, Bochini GL, Moreira DC. 2008. Functional feeding habits of Chironomidae larvae (Insecta, Dipotera) in a lotic system from Midwestern Region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Panamjas, 3(2):135–141.
- Sun J, Liu D. 2003. Geometric models for calculating cell biovolume and surface area for phytoplankton. J Plankton Res. 25(11):1331–1346. doi:10.1093/plankt/fbg096
- Tarkowska-Kukuryk M. 2013. Periphytic algae as food source for grazing chironomids in a shallow phytoplankton-dominated lake. Limnologica. 43(2013):254–264. doi: 10.1016/j.limno.2012.11.004
- Tokeshi M. 1986. Resource utilization overlap and temporal community dynamics: a null model analysis of an epiphytic chironomids community. J Anim Ecol. 55(2):491–506. doi:org/10.2307/4733
- Vallenduuk JH, Morozova E. 2005. Cryptochironomus, an identification key to the larvae and pupal exuviae in Europe. Lauterbornia. 55:1-22.
There are 31 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Limnology |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 29, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |