Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 25 - 30, 31.12.2019

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Kaynakça

  • REFERENCESReferans1- World Health Organization (WHO), Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. 2000: World Health Organization.Referans2- WHO, E.C. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet,2004. 363:p.157.Referans3- Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010: Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 931, Ankara 2014. Referans4- Jungheim ES, Travieso JL, Hopeman MM. Weighing the impact of obesity on female reproductive function and fertility. Nutr Rev. 2013; 71: 3-8. Referans5- Chitnis T, Graves J, Weinstock-Guttman B, Belman A, Olsen C, et al. U.S. Network of Pediatric MS Centers. Distinct effects of obesity and puberty on risk and age at onset of pediatric MS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016;3(12):897-907.Referans6- Elizondo-Montemayor L, Hernández-Escobar C, Lara-Torre E, Nieblas B, Gómez-Carmona M. Gynecologic and Obstetric Consequences of Obesity in Adolescent Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016; 22: 1083-1088.Referans7- García Álvarez A, Serra-Majem L, Castell C, Ribas-Barba L, Méndez MA. Trends in the association between smoking history and general/central obesity in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003). Nutr Hosp. 2017;34(1):102-110.Refrans8- Daniiliis A, Dinas K. Long term health consequences of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a review analysis. Hippokratia 2009; 13: 90-92.Refrans9- Krasssas GE, Poppe K, Glinoer D. Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev. 2010; 31: 702-755.Refrans10- Rajakumar K, Fernstrom JD, Holick MF, Janosky JE, Greenspan SL. Vitamin D status and response to Vitamin D(3) in obese vs. non-obese African American children. Obesity. 2008; 16: 90-95.Refrans11- Martini LA, Wood RJ. Vitamin D and blood pressure connection: update on epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic evidence. Nutr Rev 2008; 66: 291-297.Refrans12- Barnett R. Obesity. Lancet 2005;365:1843.Refrans13- Cordero A et al. Casasnovas on behalf of the MESYAS Registry investigators. Gender differences in obesity related cardiovascular risk factors in Spain. Preventive Medicine 2009; 48: 134–139.Refrans14- Davis SR, Castelo-Branco C, Chedraui P, Lumsden MA, Nappi RE, Shah D, et al. Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric 2012; 15: 419-429. Refrans15- Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010: Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın No: SB-SAG-2014/02, Ankara Şubat, 2014.Refrans16- Doğan N, Toprak D, Demir S. Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011; 31: 122-132. Refrans17- Ersoy B, Balkan C, Gunay T, Egemen A. The factors affecting the relation between the menarcheal age of mother and daughter. Child: Care, health & development 2005; 31: 303-308.Refrans18- Elizondo-Montemayor L, Hernández-Escobar C, Lara-Torre E, Nieblas B, Gómez-Carmona M. Gynecologic and Obstetric Consequences of Obesity in Adolescent Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 Apr;30(2):156-168.Refrans19- Kulie T, Slattengren A, Redmer J, Counts H, Eglash A, Schrager S. Obesity and women's health: an evidence-based review. J Am Board Fam Med 2011; 24(1): 75-85.Refrans20- Mustaqeem M, Sadullah S, Waqar W, Farooq MZ, Khan A, Fraz TR. Obesity with irregular menstrual cycle in young girls. Mymensingh Med J. 2015;24(1):161-167.Refrans21- Norman RJ, Noakes M, Wu R, Davies MJ, Moran L, Wang JX. Improving reproductive performance in overweight/obese women with effective weight management. Hum Reprod Update. 2004;10(3):267-80.Refrans22- Marzouk TM, Sayed Ahmed WA. Effect of Dietary Weight Loss on Menstrual Regularity in Obese Young Adult Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015; 28: 457-461.Refrans23- Weiss DJ, Charles MA, Dunaif A, Prior DE, Lillioja S, Knowler WC, Herman WH. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with menstrual irregularity and altered serum androgens in Pima Indian women. Metabolism. 1994; 43: 803-807.Refrans24- Wei S, Schmidt MD, Dwyer T, Norman RJ, Venn AJ. Obesity and menstrual irregularity: associations with SHBG, testosterone, and insulin.Obesity. 2009;17: 1070-1076. Refrans25- García Álvarez A, Serra-Majem L, Castell C, Ribas-Barba L, Méndez MA. Trends in the association between smoking history and general/central obesity in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003). Nutr Hosp. 2017; 34: 102-110.Refrans26- Dare S, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Relationship between smoking and obesity: a cross-sectional study of 499,504 middle-aged adults in the UK general population. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0123579.Refrans27- Nead KG, Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, Auinger P, Weitzman M. Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency. Pediatrics 2004;114:104-108.Refrans28- Ausk KJ, Ioannou GN. Is obesity associated with anemia of chronic disease? A population-based study. Obesity 2008; 16: 2356-2361.Refrans29- İsmail Hamdi Kara, Davut Baltacı, Sultan Sayın, Aylin Yılmaz, Ahmet Çeler, Mehmet Serkan Karaçam, Ramazan Memişoğulları, Yasemin Korkut. Üreme Çağındaki Obez Kadınlarda Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelerin İncelenmesi. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2012;4(1):1-7.Refrans30- Marzullo P, Minocci A, Tagliaferri MA, Guzzaloni G, Di Blasio A, De Medici C, et al. Investigations of Thyroid Hormones and Antibodies in Obesity: Leptin Levels Are Associated with Thyroid Autoimmunity Independent of Bioanthropometric, Hormonal, and Weight-Related Determinants. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2010; 95: 3965-72.Refrans31- Nyrnes A, Jorde R, Sundsfjord J. Serum TSH is positively associated with BMI. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30: 100-5.Refrans32- Tagliaferri M, Berselli ME, Calò G, Minocci A, Savia G, Petroni ML, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients: Relation to resting energy expenditure, serum leptin, body composition, and lipid profile. Obes Res 2001; 9: 196-201.Refrans33- Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Rasmussen LB. Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90: 4019-24.Refrans34- Müderrisoğlu C, Ülgen E, Altunoğlu E, Erdenen F, Boz M. Obesity and Thyroid Functions. İstanbul Tıp Dergisi 2009; 1: 24-25.Refrans35- Lutsey PL, Steffen LM, Stevens J. Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation. 2008; 117: 754-761.Refrans36- Yıldız E. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Obezite ve Tip 2 diyabet. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 729. Klasmat Matbaacılık, Ankara, 2008. s. 9-11.Refrans37- Robinson S, Kiddy D, Gelding SV, Willis D, Niththyananthan R, Bush A, et al. The relationship of insulin insensitivity to menstrual pattern in women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1993; 39: 351-355.Refrans38- Speroff L, Class RH, Kase NG. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 7. th ed, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 2005; 78: 465- 491.Refrans39- Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(Suppl 6):1678-1688.Refrans40- Hekimsoy Z, Dinç G, Kafesçiler S, et al. Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey. BMC Public Health 2010;10:782.Refrans41- Ortega RM, Aparicio A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, et al. Preliminary data about the influence of vitamin D status on the loss of body fat in young overweight/obese women following two types of hypocaloric diet. Br J Nutr 2008;100:269-72.Refrans42- Konradsen S, Ag H, Lindberg F, Hexeberg S, Jorde R. Serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D is inversely associated with body mass index. Eur J Nutr 2008;47:87.Refrans43- Liel Y, Ulmer E, Shary J, Hollis BW, Bell NH. Low circulating vitamin D in obesity. Calcif Tissue Int 1988;43:199-201.Refrans44- Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:690-693.

THE EFFECT OF OBESITY ON THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD AND HORMONAL PARAMETERS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 25 - 30, 31.12.2019

Öz

Obesity is a public health and economic problem which is very common in almost all societies globally. Studies have shown that obesity causes many gynecological and obstetric problems such as anovulation, menstrual irregularity, infertility, abortion and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on menstrual cycle and some hormonal parameters, obstetric and gynecological results.

In this
study, the files of the patients admitted to Burdur State Hospital Gynecology
and Obstetrics Clinic and Internal Medicine Clinic were analyzed
retrospectively. A total of 200 patients (100 non-obese, BMI ≤ 29,9 and 100
obese, BMI ≥ 30) were included in the study. The ages of the patients, the
first menstrual age (FMA), menstrual periods and whether they used cigarettes
were obtained from the records of the physicians and transferred to the forms. In
addition, hemoglobin (Hb) values, thyroid stimulating hormone ​​(TSH) values,
insulin and glucose values ​​and finally vitamin D values ​​were transferred
from the system to the forms.

There was
no statistically significant difference the ages, FMA, Hb and TSH values and
smoking rate between these two groups. Also, There was a statistically
significant difference BMI, vitamin D values, IR and the menstrual period between
the two groups.

As a result, obesity is an increasing public health problem, especially in developed countries, all over the world and in our country. Obesity in IR and vitamin D deficiency should be kept in mind and preventive health policies with obesity can be prevented.



 

Kaynakça

  • REFERENCESReferans1- World Health Organization (WHO), Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. 2000: World Health Organization.Referans2- WHO, E.C. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet,2004. 363:p.157.Referans3- Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010: Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 931, Ankara 2014. Referans4- Jungheim ES, Travieso JL, Hopeman MM. Weighing the impact of obesity on female reproductive function and fertility. Nutr Rev. 2013; 71: 3-8. Referans5- Chitnis T, Graves J, Weinstock-Guttman B, Belman A, Olsen C, et al. U.S. Network of Pediatric MS Centers. Distinct effects of obesity and puberty on risk and age at onset of pediatric MS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016;3(12):897-907.Referans6- Elizondo-Montemayor L, Hernández-Escobar C, Lara-Torre E, Nieblas B, Gómez-Carmona M. Gynecologic and Obstetric Consequences of Obesity in Adolescent Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016; 22: 1083-1088.Referans7- García Álvarez A, Serra-Majem L, Castell C, Ribas-Barba L, Méndez MA. Trends in the association between smoking history and general/central obesity in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003). Nutr Hosp. 2017;34(1):102-110.Refrans8- Daniiliis A, Dinas K. Long term health consequences of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a review analysis. Hippokratia 2009; 13: 90-92.Refrans9- Krasssas GE, Poppe K, Glinoer D. Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocr Rev. 2010; 31: 702-755.Refrans10- Rajakumar K, Fernstrom JD, Holick MF, Janosky JE, Greenspan SL. Vitamin D status and response to Vitamin D(3) in obese vs. non-obese African American children. Obesity. 2008; 16: 90-95.Refrans11- Martini LA, Wood RJ. Vitamin D and blood pressure connection: update on epidemiologic, clinical, and mechanistic evidence. Nutr Rev 2008; 66: 291-297.Refrans12- Barnett R. Obesity. Lancet 2005;365:1843.Refrans13- Cordero A et al. Casasnovas on behalf of the MESYAS Registry investigators. Gender differences in obesity related cardiovascular risk factors in Spain. Preventive Medicine 2009; 48: 134–139.Refrans14- Davis SR, Castelo-Branco C, Chedraui P, Lumsden MA, Nappi RE, Shah D, et al. Understanding weight gain at menopause. Climacteric 2012; 15: 419-429. Refrans15- Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010: Beslenme Durumu ve Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sonuç Raporu. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü. Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü Yayın No: SB-SAG-2014/02, Ankara Şubat, 2014.Refrans16- Doğan N, Toprak D, Demir S. Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011; 31: 122-132. Refrans17- Ersoy B, Balkan C, Gunay T, Egemen A. The factors affecting the relation between the menarcheal age of mother and daughter. Child: Care, health & development 2005; 31: 303-308.Refrans18- Elizondo-Montemayor L, Hernández-Escobar C, Lara-Torre E, Nieblas B, Gómez-Carmona M. Gynecologic and Obstetric Consequences of Obesity in Adolescent Girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 Apr;30(2):156-168.Refrans19- Kulie T, Slattengren A, Redmer J, Counts H, Eglash A, Schrager S. Obesity and women's health: an evidence-based review. J Am Board Fam Med 2011; 24(1): 75-85.Refrans20- Mustaqeem M, Sadullah S, Waqar W, Farooq MZ, Khan A, Fraz TR. Obesity with irregular menstrual cycle in young girls. Mymensingh Med J. 2015;24(1):161-167.Refrans21- Norman RJ, Noakes M, Wu R, Davies MJ, Moran L, Wang JX. Improving reproductive performance in overweight/obese women with effective weight management. Hum Reprod Update. 2004;10(3):267-80.Refrans22- Marzouk TM, Sayed Ahmed WA. Effect of Dietary Weight Loss on Menstrual Regularity in Obese Young Adult Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015; 28: 457-461.Refrans23- Weiss DJ, Charles MA, Dunaif A, Prior DE, Lillioja S, Knowler WC, Herman WH. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with menstrual irregularity and altered serum androgens in Pima Indian women. Metabolism. 1994; 43: 803-807.Refrans24- Wei S, Schmidt MD, Dwyer T, Norman RJ, Venn AJ. Obesity and menstrual irregularity: associations with SHBG, testosterone, and insulin.Obesity. 2009;17: 1070-1076. Refrans25- García Álvarez A, Serra-Majem L, Castell C, Ribas-Barba L, Méndez MA. Trends in the association between smoking history and general/central obesity in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003). Nutr Hosp. 2017; 34: 102-110.Refrans26- Dare S, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Relationship between smoking and obesity: a cross-sectional study of 499,504 middle-aged adults in the UK general population. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0123579.Refrans27- Nead KG, Halterman JS, Kaczorowski JM, Auinger P, Weitzman M. Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency. Pediatrics 2004;114:104-108.Refrans28- Ausk KJ, Ioannou GN. Is obesity associated with anemia of chronic disease? A population-based study. Obesity 2008; 16: 2356-2361.Refrans29- İsmail Hamdi Kara, Davut Baltacı, Sultan Sayın, Aylin Yılmaz, Ahmet Çeler, Mehmet Serkan Karaçam, Ramazan Memişoğulları, Yasemin Korkut. Üreme Çağındaki Obez Kadınlarda Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelerin İncelenmesi. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2012;4(1):1-7.Refrans30- Marzullo P, Minocci A, Tagliaferri MA, Guzzaloni G, Di Blasio A, De Medici C, et al. Investigations of Thyroid Hormones and Antibodies in Obesity: Leptin Levels Are Associated with Thyroid Autoimmunity Independent of Bioanthropometric, Hormonal, and Weight-Related Determinants. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2010; 95: 3965-72.Refrans31- Nyrnes A, Jorde R, Sundsfjord J. Serum TSH is positively associated with BMI. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30: 100-5.Refrans32- Tagliaferri M, Berselli ME, Calò G, Minocci A, Savia G, Petroni ML, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism in obese patients: Relation to resting energy expenditure, serum leptin, body composition, and lipid profile. Obes Res 2001; 9: 196-201.Refrans33- Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Rasmussen LB. Small differences in thyroid function may be important for body mass index and the occurrence of obesity in the population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90: 4019-24.Refrans34- Müderrisoğlu C, Ülgen E, Altunoğlu E, Erdenen F, Boz M. Obesity and Thyroid Functions. İstanbul Tıp Dergisi 2009; 1: 24-25.Refrans35- Lutsey PL, Steffen LM, Stevens J. Dietary intake and the development of the metabolic syndrome: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation. 2008; 117: 754-761.Refrans36- Yıldız E. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Obezite ve Tip 2 diyabet. Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 729. Klasmat Matbaacılık, Ankara, 2008. s. 9-11.Refrans37- Robinson S, Kiddy D, Gelding SV, Willis D, Niththyananthan R, Bush A, et al. The relationship of insulin insensitivity to menstrual pattern in women with hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1993; 39: 351-355.Refrans38- Speroff L, Class RH, Kase NG. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. 7. th ed, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 2005; 78: 465- 491.Refrans39- Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(Suppl 6):1678-1688.Refrans40- Hekimsoy Z, Dinç G, Kafesçiler S, et al. Vitamin D status among adults in the Aegean region of Turkey. BMC Public Health 2010;10:782.Refrans41- Ortega RM, Aparicio A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, et al. Preliminary data about the influence of vitamin D status on the loss of body fat in young overweight/obese women following two types of hypocaloric diet. Br J Nutr 2008;100:269-72.Refrans42- Konradsen S, Ag H, Lindberg F, Hexeberg S, Jorde R. Serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D is inversely associated with body mass index. Eur J Nutr 2008;47:87.Refrans43- Liel Y, Ulmer E, Shary J, Hollis BW, Bell NH. Low circulating vitamin D in obesity. Calcif Tissue Int 1988;43:199-201.Refrans44- Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:690-693.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Yüksel

Esra Yüksel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüksel, M., & Yüksel, E. (2019). THE EFFECT OF OBESITY ON THE MENSTRUAL PERIOD AND HORMONAL PARAMETERS. Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life, 2(2), 25-30.