Öz
Objective: This study was carried out with the aim of determining the factors related to the initiation and continuation time of
breastfeeding in working women.
Method: The sample of the descriptive study consisted of 382 mothers who applied to the pediatric clinic and obstetrics clinic of a
university hospital. The data were collected by the questionnaire form. Frequency, percentage, t test, Oneway Anova test, Chi square test
were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: It was determined that 53.9% of women were in the 31-40 age group, 59.9% were at the undergraduate and associate's level of
education and 94.5% were married. 53.4% of women work in state institutions, 85.1% work full time, 21.7% work shifts and 21.7% have
private offices. The average duration of breastfeeding in working women was 5.05±11.43 hours, total breastfeeding time was 14.26±8.17
months and exclusive breastfeeding time was 5.20±2.02 months. A statistically significant difference was found between the age of the
mother and the continuation of breastfeeding, delivery mode and initiation of breastfeeding. A statistically significant relationship was
found between the education level of women, spouse support in breastfeeding, paid leave status, support of friends and breastfeeding
experience and continuation of breastfeeding after starting work. No statistically significant relationship was found between conditions
related to workplaces (breastfeeding room, milking pump, milk storage cabinet, nursery, paid maternity leave, lighter work and flexible
working opportunity, breastfeeding break, executive support and presence of a support person during breastfeeding break) and the
initiation of breastfeeding, continuation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that the workplace conditions were not supportive to a large extent for women continuation
of breastfeeding. However, it has been observed that continuation of breastfeeding is related to education level, breastfeeding experience,
spouse support and friend support at work, and the use of paid leave.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Akbar Ali Hirani S, Karmaliani R. Breastfeeding support for working mothers: Global and Pakistani perspectives. Current Pediatric Reviews 2012;8(4):313-321.
- 2. Altamimi E, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breastfeeding among working mothers in South Jordan. Workplace health & safety 2017;65(5):210-218.
- 3. Attanasio L, et al. The impact of prenatal employment on breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding status at 1 week postpartum. Journal of Human Lactation 2013;29(4):620-628.
- 4. Waite WM, Christakis D. Relationship of maternal perceptions of workplace breastfeeding support and job satisfaction. Breastfeeding Medicine 2015;10(4):222-227.
- 5. Kosmala-Anderson J, Wallace LM. Breastfeeding works: the role of employers in supporting women who wish to breastfeed and work in four organizations in England. Journal of Public Health 2006;28(3):183-191.
- 6. Spitzmueller C, et al. Got milk? Workplace factors related to breastfeeding among working mothers. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2016;37(5):692-718.
- 7. Bono ED, Pronzato C. Does breastfeeding support at work help mothers and employers at the same time? 2012.
- 8. Brand E, Kothari C, Stark MA. Factors related to breastfeeding discontinuation between hospital discharge and 2 weeks postpartum. The Journal of Perinatal Education 2011;20(1):36.
- 9. TNSA. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2018. Available at: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf.
- 10. Sharif M, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of nursing mothers toward breastfeeding in a tertiary care center in Navi Mumbai. Indian Journal of Child Health 2017;4(2):243-247.
- 11. Snyder K, et al. Workplace breastfeeding support varies by employment type: the service workplace disadvantage. Breastfeeding Medicine 2018;13(1):23-27.
- 12. Ogbuanu C, et al. Balancing work and family: effect of employment characteristics on breastfeeding. Journal of Human Lactation 2011;27(3):225-238.
- 13. Mandal B, Roe BE, Fein SB. The differential effects of full-time and part-time work status on breastfeeding. Health Policy 2010;97(1):79-86.
- 14. Smith JP, et al. Workplace support, breastfeeding and health. Family Matters 2013(93):58.
- 15. Kang NM, et al. Breastfeeding initiation and continuation by employment status among Korean women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2015;45(2):306-313.
- 16. Mills SP. Workplace lactation programs: A critical element for breastfeeding mothers' success. AAOHN journal 2009;57(6):227-231.
- 17. Çeçe Ö, Yenal K. Çalışan Annelerin Emzirme Sürelerini Etkileyen Faktörler. Cumhuriyet Hemşirelik Dergisi 2012;1(1):10-17.
- 18. Kebede T, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding cessation and associated factors among employed mothers in Dukem town, Central Ethiopia. J International Breastfeeding Journal 2020;15(1):6.
- 19. Hirani SAA, Karmaliani R. Evidence based workplace interventions to promote breastfeeding practices among Pakistani working mothers. Women and birth 2013;26(1):10-16.
- 20. Dun-Dery EJ, Laar AK. Exclusive breastfeeding among city-dwelling professional working mothers in Ghana. International breastfeeding journal 2016;11(1):23.
- 21. Bai DL, Fong DYT, Tarrant M. Factors associated with breastfeeding duration and exclusivity in mothers returning to paid employment postpartum. Maternal and child health journal 2015;19(5):990-999.
- 22. Amin RM, et al. Work related determinants of breastfeeding discontinuation among employed mothers in Malaysia. International Breastfeeding Journal 2011;6(1):4.
- 23. Thussanasupap B, et al. Effects of the Community-Based Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Working Mothers: A Quasi-experimental Study. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research 2016;20(3):196-209.
- 24. Abekah-Nkrumah G, et al. Examining working mothers’ experience of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana. International breastfeeding journal 2020;15(1):1-10.
- 25. Khaliq A, et al. Assessment of knowledge and practices about breastfeeding and weaning among working and non-working mothers. J Pak Med Assoc 2017;67(3):332-338.
- 26. Bettinelli ME. Breastfeeding policies and breastfeeding support programs in the mother’s workplace. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2012;25(sup4):73-74.
- 27. Işık G, ve ark. Doğum Şekline Göre Annelerin Postpartum Ağrı, Yorgunluk Düzeyleri ve Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilikleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 2018;11(3).
- 28. Kılcı H, Çoban A. The correlation between breastfeeding success in the early postpartum period and the perception of self-efficacy in breastfeeding and breast problems in the late postpartum. J Breastfeeding Medicine 2016;11(4):188-195.
- 29. Chuang C-H, et al. Maternal return to work and breastfeeding: a population-based cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2010;47(4):461-474.
- 30. Goyal RC, et al. Breastfeeding practices: positioning, attachment (latch-on) and effective suckling–a hospital-based study in Libya. J Journal of Family Community Medicine 2011;18(2):74.
- 31. Rashid AA, et al. Breastfeeding Practice, Support, and Self-Efficacy Among working Mothers in a Rural Health Clinic in Selangor. J Malaysian Journal of Medicine Health Sciences 2018;14:39-49.
- 32. Türk İş Kanunu (2003). 4857 sayılı Türk İş Kanunu. 22.05.2003.
- 33. Abou-ElWafa HS, El-Gilany A-H. Maternal work and exclusive breastfeeding in Mansoura, Egypt. J Family Practice 2019;36(5):568-572.
- 34. Dagher RK, et al. Determinants of breastfeeding initiation and cessation among employed mothers: a prospective cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2016;16(1):194.
- 35. Kim JH, Shin JC, Donovan SM. Effectiveness of workplace lactation interventions on breastfeeding outcomes in the United States: An updated systematic review. J Journal of Human Lactation 2019;35(1):100-113.
- 36. Dinour LM, Szaro JM. Employer-based programs to support breastfeeding among working mothers: a systematic review. J Breastfeeding Medicine 2017;12(3):131-141.
- 37. Al-Katufi BA, et al. Barriers in continuing exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in primary health care in the ministry of health in Al-Ahsa region, Saudi Arabia. J Journal of Family Medicine Primary Care 2020;9(2):957.
- 38. Chhetri S, Rao AP, Guddattu V. Factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among working mothers in Udupi taluk, Karnataka. Clinical Epidemiology 2018;6(4):216-219.
- 39. Wallenborn JT, et al. Workplace support and breastfeeding duration: The mediating effect of breastfeeding intention and self‐efficacy. J Birth 2019;46(1):121-128.
- 40. Zhuang J, et al. Keep doing the good work: Impact of coworker and community support on continuation of breastfeeding. J Health communication 2019;34(11):1270-1278.
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışma çalışan kadınlarda emzirmenin başlatılma ve sürdürülme zamanıyla ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde yapılan araştırmanın örneklemini bir üniversite hastanesinin çocuk polikliniği ve kadın doğum polikliniğine
başvuran 382 anne oluşturmuştur. Veriler anket formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, yüzde, t testi, Oneway Anova
testi, Ki kare testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadınların %53.9’unun 31-40 yaş grubunda, %59.9’unun lisans-önlisans öğrenim düzeyinde ve %94.5’inin evli olduğu saptanmıştır.
Kadınların %53.4’ü devlet kurumunda, %85.1’i tam zamanlı, %21.7’si vardiyalı çalışmakta ve %21.7’sinin kendine ait özel ofisi
bulunmaktadır. Çalışan kadınlarda ortalama emzirmenin başlatılma süresi 5.05±11.43 saat, toplam emzirme süresi 14.26±8.17 ay ve sadece
anne sütü verme süresi 5.20±2.02 ay olarak bulunmuştur. Anne yaşı ile emzirmenin sürdürülmesi ve doğum şekli ile emzirmenin başlatılma
süreleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmıştır. Kadınların öğrenim düzeyi, eş desteği, ücretli izin durumu, çalışma
arkadaşlarının desteği ve emzirme tecrübesi ile çalışmaya başladıktan sonra emzirmeyi sürdürmeleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir
ilişki saptanmıştır. İşyerlerine ilişkin koşullar (emzirme odası, süt sağma pompası, süt saklama dolabı, kreş bulunması, ücretli doğum izni,
daha hafif iş ve esnek çalışma imkânı, emzirme molası, yönetici desteği ve emzirme molasında destek kişi varlığı) ile emzirmenin
başlatılması, emzirmenin sürdürülmesi ve sadece anne sütü verme süresi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada işyeri koşullarının kadınların emzirmeyi sürdürmelerinde büyük oranda destekleyici olmadığı saptanmıştır. Ancak
emzirmenin sürdürülmesinin öğrenim düzeyi, emzirme tecrübesi, eş ve iş yerindeki arkadaş desteği, ücretli izin kullanımıyla ilişkili olduğu
görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Akbar Ali Hirani S, Karmaliani R. Breastfeeding support for working mothers: Global and Pakistani perspectives. Current Pediatric Reviews 2012;8(4):313-321.
- 2. Altamimi E, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breastfeeding among working mothers in South Jordan. Workplace health & safety 2017;65(5):210-218.
- 3. Attanasio L, et al. The impact of prenatal employment on breastfeeding intentions and breastfeeding status at 1 week postpartum. Journal of Human Lactation 2013;29(4):620-628.
- 4. Waite WM, Christakis D. Relationship of maternal perceptions of workplace breastfeeding support and job satisfaction. Breastfeeding Medicine 2015;10(4):222-227.
- 5. Kosmala-Anderson J, Wallace LM. Breastfeeding works: the role of employers in supporting women who wish to breastfeed and work in four organizations in England. Journal of Public Health 2006;28(3):183-191.
- 6. Spitzmueller C, et al. Got milk? Workplace factors related to breastfeeding among working mothers. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2016;37(5):692-718.
- 7. Bono ED, Pronzato C. Does breastfeeding support at work help mothers and employers at the same time? 2012.
- 8. Brand E, Kothari C, Stark MA. Factors related to breastfeeding discontinuation between hospital discharge and 2 weeks postpartum. The Journal of Perinatal Education 2011;20(1):36.
- 9. TNSA. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması 2018. Available at: http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf.
- 10. Sharif M, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practices of nursing mothers toward breastfeeding in a tertiary care center in Navi Mumbai. Indian Journal of Child Health 2017;4(2):243-247.
- 11. Snyder K, et al. Workplace breastfeeding support varies by employment type: the service workplace disadvantage. Breastfeeding Medicine 2018;13(1):23-27.
- 12. Ogbuanu C, et al. Balancing work and family: effect of employment characteristics on breastfeeding. Journal of Human Lactation 2011;27(3):225-238.
- 13. Mandal B, Roe BE, Fein SB. The differential effects of full-time and part-time work status on breastfeeding. Health Policy 2010;97(1):79-86.
- 14. Smith JP, et al. Workplace support, breastfeeding and health. Family Matters 2013(93):58.
- 15. Kang NM, et al. Breastfeeding initiation and continuation by employment status among Korean women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2015;45(2):306-313.
- 16. Mills SP. Workplace lactation programs: A critical element for breastfeeding mothers' success. AAOHN journal 2009;57(6):227-231.
- 17. Çeçe Ö, Yenal K. Çalışan Annelerin Emzirme Sürelerini Etkileyen Faktörler. Cumhuriyet Hemşirelik Dergisi 2012;1(1):10-17.
- 18. Kebede T, et al. Exclusive breastfeeding cessation and associated factors among employed mothers in Dukem town, Central Ethiopia. J International Breastfeeding Journal 2020;15(1):6.
- 19. Hirani SAA, Karmaliani R. Evidence based workplace interventions to promote breastfeeding practices among Pakistani working mothers. Women and birth 2013;26(1):10-16.
- 20. Dun-Dery EJ, Laar AK. Exclusive breastfeeding among city-dwelling professional working mothers in Ghana. International breastfeeding journal 2016;11(1):23.
- 21. Bai DL, Fong DYT, Tarrant M. Factors associated with breastfeeding duration and exclusivity in mothers returning to paid employment postpartum. Maternal and child health journal 2015;19(5):990-999.
- 22. Amin RM, et al. Work related determinants of breastfeeding discontinuation among employed mothers in Malaysia. International Breastfeeding Journal 2011;6(1):4.
- 23. Thussanasupap B, et al. Effects of the Community-Based Breastfeeding Promotion Program for Working Mothers: A Quasi-experimental Study. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research 2016;20(3):196-209.
- 24. Abekah-Nkrumah G, et al. Examining working mothers’ experience of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana. International breastfeeding journal 2020;15(1):1-10.
- 25. Khaliq A, et al. Assessment of knowledge and practices about breastfeeding and weaning among working and non-working mothers. J Pak Med Assoc 2017;67(3):332-338.
- 26. Bettinelli ME. Breastfeeding policies and breastfeeding support programs in the mother’s workplace. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2012;25(sup4):73-74.
- 27. Işık G, ve ark. Doğum Şekline Göre Annelerin Postpartum Ağrı, Yorgunluk Düzeyleri ve Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilikleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 2018;11(3).
- 28. Kılcı H, Çoban A. The correlation between breastfeeding success in the early postpartum period and the perception of self-efficacy in breastfeeding and breast problems in the late postpartum. J Breastfeeding Medicine 2016;11(4):188-195.
- 29. Chuang C-H, et al. Maternal return to work and breastfeeding: a population-based cohort study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2010;47(4):461-474.
- 30. Goyal RC, et al. Breastfeeding practices: positioning, attachment (latch-on) and effective suckling–a hospital-based study in Libya. J Journal of Family Community Medicine 2011;18(2):74.
- 31. Rashid AA, et al. Breastfeeding Practice, Support, and Self-Efficacy Among working Mothers in a Rural Health Clinic in Selangor. J Malaysian Journal of Medicine Health Sciences 2018;14:39-49.
- 32. Türk İş Kanunu (2003). 4857 sayılı Türk İş Kanunu. 22.05.2003.
- 33. Abou-ElWafa HS, El-Gilany A-H. Maternal work and exclusive breastfeeding in Mansoura, Egypt. J Family Practice 2019;36(5):568-572.
- 34. Dagher RK, et al. Determinants of breastfeeding initiation and cessation among employed mothers: a prospective cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2016;16(1):194.
- 35. Kim JH, Shin JC, Donovan SM. Effectiveness of workplace lactation interventions on breastfeeding outcomes in the United States: An updated systematic review. J Journal of Human Lactation 2019;35(1):100-113.
- 36. Dinour LM, Szaro JM. Employer-based programs to support breastfeeding among working mothers: a systematic review. J Breastfeeding Medicine 2017;12(3):131-141.
- 37. Al-Katufi BA, et al. Barriers in continuing exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in primary health care in the ministry of health in Al-Ahsa region, Saudi Arabia. J Journal of Family Medicine Primary Care 2020;9(2):957.
- 38. Chhetri S, Rao AP, Guddattu V. Factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among working mothers in Udupi taluk, Karnataka. Clinical Epidemiology 2018;6(4):216-219.
- 39. Wallenborn JT, et al. Workplace support and breastfeeding duration: The mediating effect of breastfeeding intention and self‐efficacy. J Birth 2019;46(1):121-128.
- 40. Zhuang J, et al. Keep doing the good work: Impact of coworker and community support on continuation of breastfeeding. J Health communication 2019;34(11):1270-1278.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Klinik Tıp Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Eylül 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 31 Temmuz 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
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International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy
https://doi.org/10.33457/ijhsrp.1184009
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