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GEBELERDE DOĞUM KORKUSUNUN BELİRLENMESİ: RANDOMİZE KONTROLLÜ ÇALIŞMALARIN SİSTEMATİK DERLEMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 70 - 78, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1166887

Öz

Kadınları doğum ve anneliğe geçişe hazırlamaya odaklanan bilgilendirici ve psikolojik müdahaleler gibi nonfarmakolojik yaklaşımların doğum korkusunu azaltmada fayda sağladığı belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gebelerde doğum korkusuna yönelik müdahalelere ilişkin randomize kontrollü çalışmaların incelenmesidir. Çalışmada, Aralık 2020-Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında “pregnant women” and “fear of childbirth” and “randomized controlled trial” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science ve Cochrane veri tabanları tarandı ve ulaşılan makaleler değerlendirildi. Sistematik derlemeye, yayın dili Türkçe veya İngilizce olan, araştırma örneklemleri gebelerden oluşan, tam metnine ulaşılan, Ocak 2015-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında yayınlanan randomize kontrollü çalışmalar alındı. Çalışmadan İngilizce ve Türkçe dışındaki dillerde yazılmış olan derlemeler, sistematik derlemeler, olgu sunumları, tezler, randomize kontrollü dışındaki çalışmalar, kongre kitabında yayınlanan bildiriler, tam metnine ulaşılamayan makaleler dışlandı. Sırası ile başlık, özet ve tam metine göre yapılan inceleme neticesinde alınma kriterlerine uyan 14 makaleye ulaşıldı. Makalelerin seçiminin aşamaları ve kapsam dahilindeki ve hariç tutulan çalışmaların tüm aşamaları PRISMA akış şemasında belirtildi. Gebelerde psiko-eğitim tekniklerinin, ebe tarafından verilen bireysel danışmanlık programının, nefes alma farkındalığının, intrapartum destekleyici bakımın ve doğuma yönelik eğitim müdahalelerinin doğum korkusunu azaltmada etkili olduğu, 18 saatlik farkındalık temelli anneliğe hazırlık programının, gebe kadınlarda doğum korkusunun yanı sıra öz yeterliliği de iyileştirdiği, haptoterapi müdahalesinin doğum korkusunu azaltabilecek belirli becerilerin geliştirilmesini kolaylaştırdığı, distraksiyon tekniklerinin ardından doğum korkusunun düşük olduğu ancak farkın anlamlı olmadığı, gebelerin internet tabanlı bilişsel davranış terapi müdahalesine kıyasla yüz yüze danışmanlıktan daha memnun oldukları belirlendi. İncelenen çalışmalardan 12’sinde doğum korkusunun azaldığı belirlendi.

Kaynakça

  • Kiruthiga V. Emotive whims distressing pregnant women. IRJET. 2017;4(8):2194-2196.
  • Nieminen K, Wijma K, Johansson S, et al. Severe fear of childbirth indicates high perinatal costs for Swedish women giving birth to their first child. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(4):438-446.
  • Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):28.
  • O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM. Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(8):907-920.
  • Aksoy AN, Aydin F, Kucur SK, Gözükara I. Maternal and fetal Doppler velocimetry in women diagnosed with fear of childbirth. Niger J Clin Pract. 2016;19(5):632-635.
  • Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL. Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2014;5(3):99-106.
  • Fenwick J, Toohill J, Gamble J, et al. Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women's birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015; 15:284.
  • Klabbers G.A, van Bakel, H. J, van den Heuvel M.M, Vingerhoets A.J. Severe fear of childbirth: its features, assesment, prevalence, determinants, consequences and possible treatments. Psychological Topics. 2016;25(1):107-127.
  • Soltani F, Eskandari Z, Khodakarami B, Parsa P, Roshanaei G. Factors contributing to fear of childbirth among pregnant women in Hamadan (Iran) in 2016. Electron Physician. 2017;9(7):4725-4731.
  • Onchonga D, Moghaddam Hosseini V, Keraka M, Várnagy Á. Prevalence of fear of childbirth in a sample of gravida women in Kenya. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2020;24:100510.
  • Thomson G, Stoll K, Downe S, Hall WA. Negative impressions of childbirth in a North-West England student population. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;38(1):37-44.
  • Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys AS, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth. 2015;42(1):48-55.
  • Amiri P, Mirghafourvand M, Esmaeilpour K, Kamalifard M, Ivanbagha R. The effect of distraction techniques on pain and stress during labor: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):534.
  • Sezen C, Ünsalver BÖ. Group art therapy for the management of fear of childbirth. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2019;64:9-19.
  • Hamama-Raz Y, Sommerfeld E, Ken-Dror D, Lacher R, Ben-Ezra M. The Role of Intra-personal and Inter-personal Factors in Fear of Childbirth: A Preliminary Study. Psychiatr Q. 2017;88(2):385-396.
  • Aznal SSY, Wong CY, Tan PLL, See VV, Wong CK. Mother’s mental preparedness for pregnancy: The affecting factors and its effect on birth outcomes. Int eJ Sci Med Educ. 2014;8(3):19-27.
  • Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Toivanen R, et al. Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience--a randomised controlled trial. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;36(1):1-9.
  • Elvander C, Cnattingius S, Kjerulff KH. Birth experience in women with low, intermediate or high levels of fear: findings from the first baby study. Birth. 2013;40(4):289-296.
  • O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P, Stewart F, O'Neill SM. Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;7(7):CD013321.
  • Haapio S, Kaunonen M, Arffman M, Åstedt-Kurki P. Effects of extended childbirth education by midwives on the childbirth fear of first-time mothers: an RCT. Scand J Caring Sci. 2017;31(2):293-301.
  • Irmak Vural P, Aslan E. Emotional freedom techniques and breathing awareness to reduce childbirth fear: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;35:224-231.
  • Johnson N, Nokomis Z, Ann Stark M. "The nurses’ role in providing comfort during childbirth using ambulation and hydrotherapy." Int J. Nurs. Study. 2017;3(1):123.
  • Waisblat V, Langholz B, Bernard FJ, et al. Impact of a Hypnotically-Based Intervention on Pain and Fear in Women Undergoing Labor. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2017;65(1):64-85.
  • Klabbers GA, Wijma K, Paarlberg KM, Emons WHM, Vingerhoets AJJM. Haptotherapy as a new intervention for treating fear of childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;40(1):38-47.
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. PRISMA Group. Reprint--preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Phys Ther. 2009;89(9):873-880.
  • Karaçam Z. Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: Sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2013;6(1):26-33.
  • Joanna Briggs Institute. Critical Appraisal Tools. 2018. [cited by 30.08.2021] Available from: http://joannabriggs.org/research/critical-appraisal-tools.html)
  • Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Aromataris E, Campbell J, Hopp L. Explanation for the critical appraisal tool for RCTs with individual participants in parallel groups. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute; 2017:1-9.
  • Kordi M, Bakhsh M, Masoudi S, et al. "Effect of a childbirth psychoeducation program on the level of fear of childbirth in primigravid women." Evidence Based Care. 2017;7(3):26-34.
  • Andaroon N, Kordi M, Kimiaei SA, Esmaeily H. The effect of individual counseling program by a midwife on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. J Educ Health Promot. 2017;4(6):97.
  • Ghasemi F, Bolbol-Haghighi N, Mottaghi Z, Hosseini S.R, Khosravi A. The effect of group counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on self-efficacy of pregnant women’s choice of vaginal delivery. Iranian J of Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2018;12(3):e7632.
  • Larsson B, Karlström A, Rubertsson C, et al. Birth preference in women undergoing treatment for childbirth fear: A randomised controlled trial. Women Birth. 2017;30(6):460-467.
  • Rondung E, Ternström E, Hildingsson I, et al. Comparing Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Standard Care for Women With Fear of Birth: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health. 2018;5(3):e10420.
  • Masoumi SZ, Kazemi F, Oshvandi K, et al. Effect of Training Preparation for Childbirth on Fear of Normal Vaginal Delivery and Choosing the Type of Delivery Among Pregnant Women in Hamadan, Iran: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Family Reprod Health. 2016;10(3):115-121.
  • İsbir GG, Serçekuş P. The Effects of Intrapartum Supportive Care on Fear of Delivery and Labor Outcomes: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nurs Res. 2017;25(2):112-119.
  • Duncan LG, Cohn MA, Chao MT, et al. Benefits of preparing for childbirth with mindfulness training: a randomized controlled trial with active comparison. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):140.
  • Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psycho-education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth. 2014;41(4):384-394.
  • Akgün M, Boz İ, Özer Z. The effect of psychoeducation on fear of childbirth and birth type: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;41(4):253-265.
  • Arch JJ. Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for anxiety: treatment preferences and credibility among pregnant and non-pregnant women. Behav Res Ther. 2014;52:53-60.
  • Nieminen K, Berg I, Frankenstein K, et al. Internet-provided cognitive behaviour therapy of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth-a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2016;45(4):287-306.
  • Hemminki E, Long Q, Zhang WH, et al. Impact of financial and educational interventions on maternity care: results of cluster randomized trials in rural China, CHIMACA. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(2):208-221.
  • Beiranvand SP, Moghadam ZB, Salsali M, Majd HA, Birjandi M, Khalesi ZB. "Prevalence of fear of childbirth and its associated factors in primigravid women: A cross-sectional study." Shiraz E-Med J. 2017;18(11):e61896.
  • Oakley S, Evans E. The role of yoga: breathing, meditation and optimal fetal positioning. Pract Midwife. 2014;17(5):30-32.
  • Maghsoudi S, Sajjadi Z, Behnam Vashani H, Asghari Nekah SM, Manzari ZS."Comparison of the effects of play dough and bubble making distraction techniques on venepuncture pain intensity in children." Evidence Based Care. 2016;5(4):25-32.
  • Corbijn van Willenswaard K, Lynn F, et al. Music interventions to reduce stress and anxiety in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):271.
  • Gönenç İM, Dikmen HA. Effects of Dance and Music on Pain and Fear During Childbirth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 2020;49(2):144-153.
  • Sydsjö G, Angerbjörn L, Palmquist S, et al. Secondary fear of childbirth prolongs the time to subsequent delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(2):210-214.
  • Azami-Aghdash S, Ghojazadeh M, Dehdilani N, Mohammadi M, Asl Amin Abad R. Prevalence and Causes of Cesarean Section in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2014;43(5):545-555.

DETERMINATION OF FEAR OF CHILDBIRTH IN PREGNANT WOMEN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDIES

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 70 - 78, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.52831/kjhs.1166887

Öz

It is stated that non-pharmacological approaches such as informative and psychological interventions that focus on preparing women for birth and transition to motherhood are beneficial in reducing the fear of childbirth. The aim of this study is to determine randomized controlled studies on interventions for fear of childbirth in pregnant women. In the study, using the keywords "pregnant women", "fear of childbirth" and "randomized controlled trial” between December 2020 and January 2021, the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane were searched, and the obtained articles were evaluated. Randomized controlled studies published between January 2015 and December 2019, whose publication language was Turkish or English, and whose research samples consisted of pregnant women, were included in the systematic review. Reviews, systematic reviews, case reports, dissertations, studies other than randomized controlled trials, papers published in the congress book, and articles whose full text could not be reached were excluded from the study. As a result of the examination made according to the title, abstract and full text, respectively, 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria were found. The stages of selection of articles and all stages of inclusion and exclusion of studies were outlined in the PRISMA flowchart. It was determined that psycho-education techniques, individual counseling program given by midwives, breathing awareness, intrapartum supportive care, and education interventions for birth were effective in reducing fear of childbirth, 18-hour mindfulness-based motherhood preparation program improved self-efficacy as well as reducing fear of childbirth in pregnant women, the haptotherapy intervention facilitated the development of certain skills that could reduce the fear of childbirth, the fear of childbirth was low after the distraction techniques, but the difference was not significant, and the pregnant women were more satisfied with face-to-face counseling compared to the internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention. It was found that fear of childbirth decreased in 12 of the studies examined.

Kaynakça

  • Kiruthiga V. Emotive whims distressing pregnant women. IRJET. 2017;4(8):2194-2196.
  • Nieminen K, Wijma K, Johansson S, et al. Severe fear of childbirth indicates high perinatal costs for Swedish women giving birth to their first child. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(4):438-446.
  • Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):28.
  • O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM. Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(8):907-920.
  • Aksoy AN, Aydin F, Kucur SK, Gözükara I. Maternal and fetal Doppler velocimetry in women diagnosed with fear of childbirth. Niger J Clin Pract. 2016;19(5):632-635.
  • Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL. Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six European countries. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2014;5(3):99-106.
  • Fenwick J, Toohill J, Gamble J, et al. Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women's birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015; 15:284.
  • Klabbers G.A, van Bakel, H. J, van den Heuvel M.M, Vingerhoets A.J. Severe fear of childbirth: its features, assesment, prevalence, determinants, consequences and possible treatments. Psychological Topics. 2016;25(1):107-127.
  • Soltani F, Eskandari Z, Khodakarami B, Parsa P, Roshanaei G. Factors contributing to fear of childbirth among pregnant women in Hamadan (Iran) in 2016. Electron Physician. 2017;9(7):4725-4731.
  • Onchonga D, Moghaddam Hosseini V, Keraka M, Várnagy Á. Prevalence of fear of childbirth in a sample of gravida women in Kenya. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2020;24:100510.
  • Thomson G, Stoll K, Downe S, Hall WA. Negative impressions of childbirth in a North-West England student population. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;38(1):37-44.
  • Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys AS, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth. 2015;42(1):48-55.
  • Amiri P, Mirghafourvand M, Esmaeilpour K, Kamalifard M, Ivanbagha R. The effect of distraction techniques on pain and stress during labor: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):534.
  • Sezen C, Ünsalver BÖ. Group art therapy for the management of fear of childbirth. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2019;64:9-19.
  • Hamama-Raz Y, Sommerfeld E, Ken-Dror D, Lacher R, Ben-Ezra M. The Role of Intra-personal and Inter-personal Factors in Fear of Childbirth: A Preliminary Study. Psychiatr Q. 2017;88(2):385-396.
  • Aznal SSY, Wong CY, Tan PLL, See VV, Wong CK. Mother’s mental preparedness for pregnancy: The affecting factors and its effect on birth outcomes. Int eJ Sci Med Educ. 2014;8(3):19-27.
  • Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Toivanen R, et al. Group psychoeducation with relaxation for severe fear of childbirth improves maternal adjustment and childbirth experience--a randomised controlled trial. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;36(1):1-9.
  • Elvander C, Cnattingius S, Kjerulff KH. Birth experience in women with low, intermediate or high levels of fear: findings from the first baby study. Birth. 2013;40(4):289-296.
  • O'Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P, Stewart F, O'Neill SM. Interventions for fear of childbirth including tocophobia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;7(7):CD013321.
  • Haapio S, Kaunonen M, Arffman M, Åstedt-Kurki P. Effects of extended childbirth education by midwives on the childbirth fear of first-time mothers: an RCT. Scand J Caring Sci. 2017;31(2):293-301.
  • Irmak Vural P, Aslan E. Emotional freedom techniques and breathing awareness to reduce childbirth fear: A randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;35:224-231.
  • Johnson N, Nokomis Z, Ann Stark M. "The nurses’ role in providing comfort during childbirth using ambulation and hydrotherapy." Int J. Nurs. Study. 2017;3(1):123.
  • Waisblat V, Langholz B, Bernard FJ, et al. Impact of a Hypnotically-Based Intervention on Pain and Fear in Women Undergoing Labor. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2017;65(1):64-85.
  • Klabbers GA, Wijma K, Paarlberg KM, Emons WHM, Vingerhoets AJJM. Haptotherapy as a new intervention for treating fear of childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;40(1):38-47.
  • Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. PRISMA Group. Reprint--preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Phys Ther. 2009;89(9):873-880.
  • Karaçam Z. Sistematik derleme metodolojisi: Sistematik derleme hazırlamak için bir rehber. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2013;6(1):26-33.
  • Joanna Briggs Institute. Critical Appraisal Tools. 2018. [cited by 30.08.2021] Available from: http://joannabriggs.org/research/critical-appraisal-tools.html)
  • Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Aromataris E, Campbell J, Hopp L. Explanation for the critical appraisal tool for RCTs with individual participants in parallel groups. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute; 2017:1-9.
  • Kordi M, Bakhsh M, Masoudi S, et al. "Effect of a childbirth psychoeducation program on the level of fear of childbirth in primigravid women." Evidence Based Care. 2017;7(3):26-34.
  • Andaroon N, Kordi M, Kimiaei SA, Esmaeily H. The effect of individual counseling program by a midwife on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. J Educ Health Promot. 2017;4(6):97.
  • Ghasemi F, Bolbol-Haghighi N, Mottaghi Z, Hosseini S.R, Khosravi A. The effect of group counseling with cognitive-behavioral approach on self-efficacy of pregnant women’s choice of vaginal delivery. Iranian J of Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2018;12(3):e7632.
  • Larsson B, Karlström A, Rubertsson C, et al. Birth preference in women undergoing treatment for childbirth fear: A randomised controlled trial. Women Birth. 2017;30(6):460-467.
  • Rondung E, Ternström E, Hildingsson I, et al. Comparing Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Standard Care for Women With Fear of Birth: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health. 2018;5(3):e10420.
  • Masoumi SZ, Kazemi F, Oshvandi K, et al. Effect of Training Preparation for Childbirth on Fear of Normal Vaginal Delivery and Choosing the Type of Delivery Among Pregnant Women in Hamadan, Iran: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Family Reprod Health. 2016;10(3):115-121.
  • İsbir GG, Serçekuş P. The Effects of Intrapartum Supportive Care on Fear of Delivery and Labor Outcomes: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nurs Res. 2017;25(2):112-119.
  • Duncan LG, Cohn MA, Chao MT, et al. Benefits of preparing for childbirth with mindfulness training: a randomized controlled trial with active comparison. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(1):140.
  • Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psycho-education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth. 2014;41(4):384-394.
  • Akgün M, Boz İ, Özer Z. The effect of psychoeducation on fear of childbirth and birth type: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2020;41(4):253-265.
  • Arch JJ. Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for anxiety: treatment preferences and credibility among pregnant and non-pregnant women. Behav Res Ther. 2014;52:53-60.
  • Nieminen K, Berg I, Frankenstein K, et al. Internet-provided cognitive behaviour therapy of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth-a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2016;45(4):287-306.
  • Hemminki E, Long Q, Zhang WH, et al. Impact of financial and educational interventions on maternity care: results of cluster randomized trials in rural China, CHIMACA. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(2):208-221.
  • Beiranvand SP, Moghadam ZB, Salsali M, Majd HA, Birjandi M, Khalesi ZB. "Prevalence of fear of childbirth and its associated factors in primigravid women: A cross-sectional study." Shiraz E-Med J. 2017;18(11):e61896.
  • Oakley S, Evans E. The role of yoga: breathing, meditation and optimal fetal positioning. Pract Midwife. 2014;17(5):30-32.
  • Maghsoudi S, Sajjadi Z, Behnam Vashani H, Asghari Nekah SM, Manzari ZS."Comparison of the effects of play dough and bubble making distraction techniques on venepuncture pain intensity in children." Evidence Based Care. 2016;5(4):25-32.
  • Corbijn van Willenswaard K, Lynn F, et al. Music interventions to reduce stress and anxiety in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):271.
  • Gönenç İM, Dikmen HA. Effects of Dance and Music on Pain and Fear During Childbirth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 2020;49(2):144-153.
  • Sydsjö G, Angerbjörn L, Palmquist S, et al. Secondary fear of childbirth prolongs the time to subsequent delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92(2):210-214.
  • Azami-Aghdash S, Ghojazadeh M, Dehdilani N, Mohammadi M, Asl Amin Abad R. Prevalence and Causes of Cesarean Section in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2014;43(5):545-555.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Özlem Akın 0000-0001-7210-8756

Nülüfer Erbil 0000-0003-3586-6237

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Akın Ö, Erbil N. GEBELERDE DOĞUM KORKUSUNUN BELİRLENMESİ: RANDOMİZE KONTROLLÜ ÇALIŞMALARIN SİSTEMATİK DERLEMESİ. Karya J Health Sci. 2023;4(1):70-8.