The Role of Environmentally Responsible Interior Design in Healthcare for Enhanced Patient Well-being
Öz
While the healthcare industry is struggling with environmental impacts, it is also trying to bring together holistic design practices to create sustainable, patient-centered and ecologically responsible, energy-efficient healthcare areas. With the increase in studies focusing on the positive effects of the ecological design approach on the well-being and recovery processes of patients, the integration of green elements into healthcare structures becomes even more important. Integration of environmentally responsible design (ERD) principles into hospital interior design; It contributes significantly to reducing carbon emissions, resource consumption and environmental waste. At the same time; by optimizing energy-efficient systems, adopting sustainable materials, and creating patient-centered healing spaces by utilizing natural light and natural ventilation, it can be both contributed to the treatment process and reduce carbon footprints. This study proposes a new approach that integrates ERD elements with healthcare interior design. Recognizing that the built environment and human health are interconnected, the research examines innovative design strategies to promote healing through environmentally responsible interior design (ERID). The focus of this approach is on combining ERD strategies such as healing design, patient-centered design, evidence-based design and the use of sustainable materials, daylight, natural ventilation, energy-efficient design, sustainable design, biophilic design. As a result of this integration, by drawing attention to the role that patient-centered green interior designs play in improving the health and well-being of patients and the efforts to minimize the negative effects of hospitals on the environment. Also, it is aimed to encourage the health and construction sectors in this sense and proposed a path towards a green future.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Environmentally Responsible İnterior Design Healthcare Buildings Patient Wellbeing Healing Environment
Kaynakça
- Almamoori, H.S. 2014. Urban Design, Urban Housing Design and Sustainability: Interrelated Values &Concept. 1st International Urban Planning-Architecture Design (UPAD) Congress, Prooceding Book, pp:211-228, Kocaeli, Turkey, May 8-11.
- Aripin, S. 2007. Healing Architecture’: Daylight in Hospital Design. Conference on Sustainable Building Southeast Asia, 5-7 November 2007, Malaysia, 173-181
- Alsawaf, E.S., Albadry, A.M. 2022. Principles for the Sustainable Design of Hospital Buildings, International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning Vol. 17, No. 6, October 2022, pp. 1797-1808
- Boehm, S. 2015. Facilitating Comprehension, Connection and Commitment to Environmentally Responsible Design, The International Journal of Art & Design Education (iJADE), vol: 34-1, pp-72-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12010
- Capolongo, S., Settimo, G. 2017. Indoor Air Quality in Healing Environments: Impacts of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Environmental Factors on Users, Capter of Indoor Air Quality in Healthcare Facilities, Part of the Springer Briefs in Public Health book series, pp 1-11
- Celadyn, M. 2018. The use of visuals in environmentally responsible interior design, World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, Vol.16, No.3
- Douglas C.H., Douglas, M.R. 2004. Patient-Friendly Hospital Environments: Exploring the Patients’ Perspective, Blackwell Publishing Ltd2004HealthExpectations,7, pp.61–73.
- Dion, H., Evans, M. 2023. Strategic frameworks for sustainability and corporate governance in healthcare facilities; approaches to energy-efficient hospital management, Benchmarking: An International Journal, ISSN: 1463-5771, DOI 10.1108/BIJ-04-2022-0219
- Fadeyi, M.O., Taha R., 2013. Provision of Environmentally Responsible Interior Design Solutions: Case Study of an Office Building, JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING, March, pp:58-70, DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000098.
- Farooq, A., Forsi, A.H., Ovacık, M. 2015. Planting Paper: An Environmentally Responsible Design Project in an Art and Design Institution, Journal of Yasar University, 2015, 10 (Special Issue), 1-12
- Gola, M.; Settimo, G.; Capolongo, S. 2019. Indoor air in healing environments: Monitoring chemical pollution in inpatient rooms. Facilities Vol. 37 No. 9/10, pp. 600-623. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-01-2018-0008
- Hamed, A., Maksoud, A. 2017. Interior Design in Improving Smart and Sustainable Healthcare A Case study on Pediatrics Clinics, International Design Journal, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp:15-36.
- Huisman, E.R.C.M., Morales., Hoof, J.V., Kort HSM., 2012. Healing Environment: A Review of The Impact of Physical Environmental Factors on Users. Building and Environment 58 (2012) 70-80, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.06.016
- Intrevado, P., Verter, V., Tremblay, L. 2019. Patient-centric design of long-term care networks. Health Care Management Science, Volume 22, pages 376–390
- Jones, L. 2008. Environmentally responsible design: Green and Sustainable Design for Interior Designers, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2008, ISBN 978-0-471-76131-0, (sf:4)
- Jalal, K.J. 2018. Considerations in Design of Interior Environment of Outpatient Department in Hospitals, Master of Science in Interior Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University September 2018 Gazimağusa, North Cyprus
- Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.M., Johnson, M., Kangasniemi, M. 2018. Environmental responsibility in hospital care: Findings from a qualitative study, Journal of Hospital Administration, Vol. 7-5, DOI: 10.5430/jha.v7n5p56
- Mahmood, F.J., Tayib, A.Y. 2019. Healing environment correlated with patients’ psychological comfort: Post-occupancy evaluation of general hospitals, Indoor and Built Environment, Volume 30, Issue 2, DOI: 10.1177/1420326X19888005.
- McCoy, J. 2012. Sustainability: Environmentally Responsible Interior Design, Journal of Interior Design 37(1), v–vi
- Oberti, I. 2017. Capter of Indoor Air Quality in Healthcare Facilities, Part of the Springer Briefs in Public Health book series, pp 73-81
- Paç, D.G. 2023. Analysis of Space in Architecture: A Perspective on Subject-Meaning Relationship. Journal of Science Part B: Art, Humanities, Design and Planning, 11(3): 499-512 (2023)
- Peavey, E. 2011. Healing Spaces: The Science of Place and Well-Being, Book Review, HERD Volume 4, Number 2, pp 144-146, ISSN: 1937-5867
- Prakash, G., Srivastava, Ş. 2020. Exploring value-dense environment in the healthcare service delivery: A patient-centric perspective, The TQM Journal, Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 331-347. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-04-2019-0093
- Rechel, B., Wright, S., Edwards, N., Dowdeswell, B., McKee, M. 2009. Investing In Hospitals of The Future, Observatory Studies Series N°16, the European Centre for Health Assets and Architecture (ECHAA), ISBN 978 92 890 4304 5
- Robin Guenther, Gail Vittori, 2013. Sustainable Healthcare Architecture, Published by John Wiley & Sons, print 2, ISBN: 9781118416112
- Sala, M., Alcamo, G., Nelli, L.C. 2017. Energy-Saving Solutions for Five Hospitals in Europe, Mediterranean Green Buildings & Renewable Energy, book chapter, pp 1-17, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30746-6_1
- Sassi, P. 2006. Strategies for Sustainable Architecture, published by Taylor & Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016, ISBN13: 978-0-415-34142-4
- Simonsen, T. P. H., Brown, S.D. Reavey, P. 2024. Vitality and nature in psychiatric spaces: Challenges and prospects for ‘healing architecture’ in the design of inpatient mental health environments. Health & Place 85 (2024) 103169
- Wehrli, R. 1986. Environmental Design Research How to Do It and How to Apply It, A Wiley Interscience publication, John Wiley and sons, 1986, Canada.
- URL 1, 05.01.2024 https://www.builderonline.com/design/details/midtown-lofts_o
- URL 2, 05.01.2024 https://www.ache.org/blog/2021/designing-for-healthcare-sustainability-a-framework
- URL 3, 10.01.2024 https://fokkema-partners.nl/projects/deloitte-and-akd-in-the-edge/
- URL 4, 10.01.2024 https://archello.com/project/king-abdullah-petroleum-studie-and-research-centre
- URL 5, 10.01.2024 https://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/6072
- URL 6, 10.01.2024 https://www.dezeen.com/2021/11/09/kamikatsu-zero-waste-center-hiroshi-nakamura-architecture/
- URL 7, 10.01.2024 https://www.arup.com/projects/california-academy-of-sciences
- URL 8, 10.01.2024 https://wevux.com/atri-the-sustainable-house-designed-by-naturvillan0070505/
- URL 9, 10.01.2024 https://www.dezeen.com/2016/01/10/mje-house-pkmn-architectures-apartment-spain-rotating-walls/
- URL 10, 10.01.2024 https://www.archdaily.com/363007/the-world-s-greenest-commercial-building-opens-in-seattle-today
- URL 11, 10.01.2024 https://www.usgbc.org/leed/rating-systems/new-interiors
- URL 12, 12.01.2024 https://www.healthcarefacilitiestoday.com/posts/Sustainable-hospital-design-reduces-environmental-impact-while-improving-performance--24395
- URL 12, 15.01.2024 https://rmjm.com/the-architects-perspective-khoo-teck-puat-hospital/
- URL 13, 15.01.2024 https://blog.interface.com/khoo-teck-puat-hospital-singapore-biophilic-design/
- URL 14, 15.01.2024 https://www.dpsd.com.sg/projects/sengkanggeneralandcommunityhospitals/
- URL 15, 15.01.2024 https://wikoffdesignstudio.com/singapore-hospital-wins-sustainable-design-excellence-award/
- URL 16, 15.01.2024 https://interiorplantscape.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/toilet-block-Khoo-Teck-Puat-Hospital-min-300x225.jpg
- URL 17, 15.01.2024 https://en.idei.club/36669-khoo-teck-puat-hospital.html
- URL 18, 15.01.2024 https://www.dutchhealtharchitects.nl/portfolio/deventer-hospital-the-netherlands/
- URL 19, 15.01.2024 https://www.gaf.eu/en/projecten/deventer-hospital/
- URL 20, 15.01.2024 https://studiomommersteeg.nl/zorg/deventer-ziekenhuis/
- URL 21, 15.01.2024 https://healthcare-digital.com/hospitals/top-10-sustainable-hospitals
- URL 22, 15.01.2024 https://blueandgreentomorrow.com/sustainability/10-most-sustainable-hospitals-in-world/
- URL 23, 15.01.2024 https://sableandhawkes.co.uk/portfolio/nhs-visual-arts-project-environment-graphics-and-wayfinding/
- URL 24, 15.01.2024 https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/competitions-landing-page/great-ormond-street-hospital
- URL 25, 15.01.2024 https://www.ericparryarchitects.co.uk/projects/great-ormond-street-hospital/
- URL 26, 15.01.2024 https://www.healthdesign.org/system/files/AIA%20AAH%20Research%20Initiatives%20Committee%20-%202017%20-%20Maggie%27s%20Centre%20Barts%20%28London%2C%20United%20Kingdom%29%20Cas.pdf
- URL 27, 15.01.2024 https://www.iesve.com/services/projects/2542/ci2-stbarts-nhs-alex-wing
- URL 28, 15.01.2024 https://www.archdaily.com/885886/maggies-centre-barts-steven-holl-architects
- URL 29, 15.01.2024 https://darrenhawkeslandscapes.co.uk/project/maggies-barts-hospital-roof-terrace/
- URL 30, 15.01.2024 https://www.healthdesign.org/system/files/AIA%20AAH%20Research%20Initiatives%20Committee%20-%202017%20-%20Maggie%27s%20Centre%20Barts%20%28London%2C%20United%20Kingdom%29%20Cas.pdf
- URL 31, 15.01.2024 https://www.maaparchitects.com/projects/royal-adelaide-hospital
- URL 32, 15.01.2024 https://www.designinc.com.au/project/royal-adelaide-hospital
- URL 33, 15.01.2024 https://www.sth.com.au/Projects/Royal-Adelaide-Hospital.aspx
- URL 34, 15.01.2024 https://www.rockfon.co.uk/about-us/blog/2022/natural-light-in-healthcare/
- URL 35, 15.01.2024 https://www.designinc.com.au/content/uploads/2022/06/Royal-Adelaide-Hospital-5.jpg
Öz
Sağlık sektörü geldiği nokta itibari ile bir yanda çevresel etkilerle boğuşurken, diğer bir yanda sürdürülebilir, hasta odaklı ve ekolojik açıdan sorumlu, enerji-etkin sağlık hizmetleri alanları yaratmak için bütüncül tasarım uygulamalarını bir araya getirme çabası içindedir. Ekolojik tasarım yaklaşımının hastaların iyi olma ve iyileşme süreçleri üzerindeki olumlu etkilerine odaklanan çalışmalardaki artışla beraber de yeşil unsurların sağlık yapılarına entegrasyonunu daha da önemli hale getirmektedir. Çevresel açıdan sorumlu mimari ilkelerinin hastane iç mekân tasarımına entegrasyonu; karbon emisyonlarının, kaynak tüketiminin ve çevresel atıkların azaltılmasında önemli ölçüde katkı sağlamaktadır. Aynı zamanda; enerji verimli sistemleri optimize ederek, sürdürülebilir malzemeleri benimseyerek, doğal ışık ve doğal havalandırmadan yararlanarak hasta-odaklı iyileştiren mekanların oluşturulması sayesinde hem tedavi sürecine katkı sağlanabilir hem de karbon ayak izlerinin azaltılması sağlanabilir.
Bu çalışma, çevre sorumlu tasarım unsurlarının, sağlık yapıları hizmetleri ve iç mekân tasarım kriterleri ile bütünleştiren yeni bir yaklaşım önermektedir. Yapılı çevre ile insan sağlığının birbiriyle bağlantılı olduğunu kabul eden araştırma, çevre sorumlu iç mekân tasarımı yoluyla iyileşmeyi teşvik edecek yenilikçi tasarım stratejilerini irdelemektedir. Bu yaklaşımın odağında, iyileştiren tasarım, hasta-odaklı tasarım, kanıta dayalı tasarım öğeleri ile sürdürülebilir malzemelerin kullanımı, gün ışığı, doğal havalandırma, enerji-etkin tasarım, sürdürülebilir tasarım, biyofilik tasarım gibi çevre sorumlu tasarım stratejilerinin birleştirilmesi yer almaktadır. Bu entegrasyonun sonucu olarak geleceğin sağlık yapılarında; hasta odaklı yeşil mekân tasarımlarının, hastaların sağlığını ve refahını geliştirmede oynadığı role ve hastanelerin çevreye olan olumsuz etkilerinin maksimumda minimize etmeye çalışılmasına dikkat çekilerek, sağlık ve yapı sektörünü bu anlamda teşvik etmek hedeflenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevre Sorumlu İç Mekân Tasarımı Sağlık Yapıları Hasta Sağlığı İyileştiren Çevre
Kaynakça
- Almamoori, H.S. 2014. Urban Design, Urban Housing Design and Sustainability: Interrelated Values &Concept. 1st International Urban Planning-Architecture Design (UPAD) Congress, Prooceding Book, pp:211-228, Kocaeli, Turkey, May 8-11.
- Aripin, S. 2007. Healing Architecture’: Daylight in Hospital Design. Conference on Sustainable Building Southeast Asia, 5-7 November 2007, Malaysia, 173-181
- Alsawaf, E.S., Albadry, A.M. 2022. Principles for the Sustainable Design of Hospital Buildings, International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning Vol. 17, No. 6, October 2022, pp. 1797-1808
- Boehm, S. 2015. Facilitating Comprehension, Connection and Commitment to Environmentally Responsible Design, The International Journal of Art & Design Education (iJADE), vol: 34-1, pp-72-88, https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12010
- Capolongo, S., Settimo, G. 2017. Indoor Air Quality in Healing Environments: Impacts of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Environmental Factors on Users, Capter of Indoor Air Quality in Healthcare Facilities, Part of the Springer Briefs in Public Health book series, pp 1-11
- Celadyn, M. 2018. The use of visuals in environmentally responsible interior design, World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, Vol.16, No.3
- Douglas C.H., Douglas, M.R. 2004. Patient-Friendly Hospital Environments: Exploring the Patients’ Perspective, Blackwell Publishing Ltd2004HealthExpectations,7, pp.61–73.
- Dion, H., Evans, M. 2023. Strategic frameworks for sustainability and corporate governance in healthcare facilities; approaches to energy-efficient hospital management, Benchmarking: An International Journal, ISSN: 1463-5771, DOI 10.1108/BIJ-04-2022-0219
- Fadeyi, M.O., Taha R., 2013. Provision of Environmentally Responsible Interior Design Solutions: Case Study of an Office Building, JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING, March, pp:58-70, DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000098.
- Farooq, A., Forsi, A.H., Ovacık, M. 2015. Planting Paper: An Environmentally Responsible Design Project in an Art and Design Institution, Journal of Yasar University, 2015, 10 (Special Issue), 1-12
- Gola, M.; Settimo, G.; Capolongo, S. 2019. Indoor air in healing environments: Monitoring chemical pollution in inpatient rooms. Facilities Vol. 37 No. 9/10, pp. 600-623. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-01-2018-0008
- Hamed, A., Maksoud, A. 2017. Interior Design in Improving Smart and Sustainable Healthcare A Case study on Pediatrics Clinics, International Design Journal, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp:15-36.
- Huisman, E.R.C.M., Morales., Hoof, J.V., Kort HSM., 2012. Healing Environment: A Review of The Impact of Physical Environmental Factors on Users. Building and Environment 58 (2012) 70-80, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.06.016
- Intrevado, P., Verter, V., Tremblay, L. 2019. Patient-centric design of long-term care networks. Health Care Management Science, Volume 22, pages 376–390
- Jones, L. 2008. Environmentally responsible design: Green and Sustainable Design for Interior Designers, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2008, ISBN 978-0-471-76131-0, (sf:4)
- Jalal, K.J. 2018. Considerations in Design of Interior Environment of Outpatient Department in Hospitals, Master of Science in Interior Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University September 2018 Gazimağusa, North Cyprus
- Kallio, H., Pietilä, A.M., Johnson, M., Kangasniemi, M. 2018. Environmental responsibility in hospital care: Findings from a qualitative study, Journal of Hospital Administration, Vol. 7-5, DOI: 10.5430/jha.v7n5p56
- Mahmood, F.J., Tayib, A.Y. 2019. Healing environment correlated with patients’ psychological comfort: Post-occupancy evaluation of general hospitals, Indoor and Built Environment, Volume 30, Issue 2, DOI: 10.1177/1420326X19888005.
- McCoy, J. 2012. Sustainability: Environmentally Responsible Interior Design, Journal of Interior Design 37(1), v–vi
- Oberti, I. 2017. Capter of Indoor Air Quality in Healthcare Facilities, Part of the Springer Briefs in Public Health book series, pp 73-81
- Paç, D.G. 2023. Analysis of Space in Architecture: A Perspective on Subject-Meaning Relationship. Journal of Science Part B: Art, Humanities, Design and Planning, 11(3): 499-512 (2023)
- Peavey, E. 2011. Healing Spaces: The Science of Place and Well-Being, Book Review, HERD Volume 4, Number 2, pp 144-146, ISSN: 1937-5867
- Prakash, G., Srivastava, Ş. 2020. Exploring value-dense environment in the healthcare service delivery: A patient-centric perspective, The TQM Journal, Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 331-347. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-04-2019-0093
- Rechel, B., Wright, S., Edwards, N., Dowdeswell, B., McKee, M. 2009. Investing In Hospitals of The Future, Observatory Studies Series N°16, the European Centre for Health Assets and Architecture (ECHAA), ISBN 978 92 890 4304 5
- Robin Guenther, Gail Vittori, 2013. Sustainable Healthcare Architecture, Published by John Wiley & Sons, print 2, ISBN: 9781118416112
- Sala, M., Alcamo, G., Nelli, L.C. 2017. Energy-Saving Solutions for Five Hospitals in Europe, Mediterranean Green Buildings & Renewable Energy, book chapter, pp 1-17, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30746-6_1
- Sassi, P. 2006. Strategies for Sustainable Architecture, published by Taylor & Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016, ISBN13: 978-0-415-34142-4
- Simonsen, T. P. H., Brown, S.D. Reavey, P. 2024. Vitality and nature in psychiatric spaces: Challenges and prospects for ‘healing architecture’ in the design of inpatient mental health environments. Health & Place 85 (2024) 103169
- Wehrli, R. 1986. Environmental Design Research How to Do It and How to Apply It, A Wiley Interscience publication, John Wiley and sons, 1986, Canada.
- URL 1, 05.01.2024 https://www.builderonline.com/design/details/midtown-lofts_o
- URL 2, 05.01.2024 https://www.ache.org/blog/2021/designing-for-healthcare-sustainability-a-framework
- URL 3, 10.01.2024 https://fokkema-partners.nl/projects/deloitte-and-akd-in-the-edge/
- URL 4, 10.01.2024 https://archello.com/project/king-abdullah-petroleum-studie-and-research-centre
- URL 5, 10.01.2024 https://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/6072
- URL 6, 10.01.2024 https://www.dezeen.com/2021/11/09/kamikatsu-zero-waste-center-hiroshi-nakamura-architecture/
- URL 7, 10.01.2024 https://www.arup.com/projects/california-academy-of-sciences
- URL 8, 10.01.2024 https://wevux.com/atri-the-sustainable-house-designed-by-naturvillan0070505/
- URL 9, 10.01.2024 https://www.dezeen.com/2016/01/10/mje-house-pkmn-architectures-apartment-spain-rotating-walls/
- URL 10, 10.01.2024 https://www.archdaily.com/363007/the-world-s-greenest-commercial-building-opens-in-seattle-today
- URL 11, 10.01.2024 https://www.usgbc.org/leed/rating-systems/new-interiors
- URL 12, 12.01.2024 https://www.healthcarefacilitiestoday.com/posts/Sustainable-hospital-design-reduces-environmental-impact-while-improving-performance--24395
- URL 12, 15.01.2024 https://rmjm.com/the-architects-perspective-khoo-teck-puat-hospital/
- URL 13, 15.01.2024 https://blog.interface.com/khoo-teck-puat-hospital-singapore-biophilic-design/
- URL 14, 15.01.2024 https://www.dpsd.com.sg/projects/sengkanggeneralandcommunityhospitals/
- URL 15, 15.01.2024 https://wikoffdesignstudio.com/singapore-hospital-wins-sustainable-design-excellence-award/
- URL 16, 15.01.2024 https://interiorplantscape.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/toilet-block-Khoo-Teck-Puat-Hospital-min-300x225.jpg
- URL 17, 15.01.2024 https://en.idei.club/36669-khoo-teck-puat-hospital.html
- URL 18, 15.01.2024 https://www.dutchhealtharchitects.nl/portfolio/deventer-hospital-the-netherlands/
- URL 19, 15.01.2024 https://www.gaf.eu/en/projecten/deventer-hospital/
- URL 20, 15.01.2024 https://studiomommersteeg.nl/zorg/deventer-ziekenhuis/
- URL 21, 15.01.2024 https://healthcare-digital.com/hospitals/top-10-sustainable-hospitals
- URL 22, 15.01.2024 https://blueandgreentomorrow.com/sustainability/10-most-sustainable-hospitals-in-world/
- URL 23, 15.01.2024 https://sableandhawkes.co.uk/portfolio/nhs-visual-arts-project-environment-graphics-and-wayfinding/
- URL 24, 15.01.2024 https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-landing-page/competitions-landing-page/great-ormond-street-hospital
- URL 25, 15.01.2024 https://www.ericparryarchitects.co.uk/projects/great-ormond-street-hospital/
- URL 26, 15.01.2024 https://www.healthdesign.org/system/files/AIA%20AAH%20Research%20Initiatives%20Committee%20-%202017%20-%20Maggie%27s%20Centre%20Barts%20%28London%2C%20United%20Kingdom%29%20Cas.pdf
- URL 27, 15.01.2024 https://www.iesve.com/services/projects/2542/ci2-stbarts-nhs-alex-wing
- URL 28, 15.01.2024 https://www.archdaily.com/885886/maggies-centre-barts-steven-holl-architects
- URL 29, 15.01.2024 https://darrenhawkeslandscapes.co.uk/project/maggies-barts-hospital-roof-terrace/
- URL 30, 15.01.2024 https://www.healthdesign.org/system/files/AIA%20AAH%20Research%20Initiatives%20Committee%20-%202017%20-%20Maggie%27s%20Centre%20Barts%20%28London%2C%20United%20Kingdom%29%20Cas.pdf
- URL 31, 15.01.2024 https://www.maaparchitects.com/projects/royal-adelaide-hospital
- URL 32, 15.01.2024 https://www.designinc.com.au/project/royal-adelaide-hospital
- URL 33, 15.01.2024 https://www.sth.com.au/Projects/Royal-Adelaide-Hospital.aspx
- URL 34, 15.01.2024 https://www.rockfon.co.uk/about-us/blog/2022/natural-light-in-healthcare/
- URL 35, 15.01.2024 https://www.designinc.com.au/content/uploads/2022/06/Royal-Adelaide-Hospital-5.jpg
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Fiziksel Çevre Kontrolü, Yeşil Yapılar ve Çevreler |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Nisan 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 15 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
JENAS | Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies