Öz
By definition, white noise (WN) is a type of sound that consists of a combination of various frequencies. Noise is an important source of environmental stress for humans and other living things and has a strong stimulating effect on light, circadian rhythm, hormonal, and neuro-behavioral levels. When faced with stressful situations, organisms produce a substantial quantity of free radicals, leading to alterations in the oxidative system. The objective of this research is to examine how environmental stressors like WN and light impact the activities of enzymes involved in testicular carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The first was the control group (not exposed to stress, kept at 12/12 light-dark cycle and 24±2°C normal ambient temperature). The second group, known as the WN 60' group, experienced 60 minutes of white noise exposure per day for 14 consecutive days at 90 dB. The third group, referred to as the WN 60' + non daylight group, underwent 60 minutes of white noise exposure at 90 dB combined with 24 hours of continuous light exposure every other day. At the conclusion of the study, the testicular tissues were homogenized and centrifuged, followed by the spectrophotometric measurement of enzyme activities.
As a result, when we compared the control group with both WN and WN + light exposure; A decrease was observed for CA enzyme in both applications, and an increase was observed in CAT and GPx enzymes in both applications.
As a result, when we compared the control group with both BG and BG + light exposure; A decrease was observed for CA enzyme in both applications, and an increase was observed in CAT and GPx enzymes in both applications.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Pickens, T.A, Khan, S.P. and Berlau, D.J. (2019). “White Noise as a Possible Therapeutic Option for Children With ADHD”. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 42, 151-155.
- 2. Karakoç, A. and Türker, F. (2014). “Effects of White Noise and Holding on Pain Perception in Newborns”. Pain Management Nursing, 15, 864-870.
- 3. Xia, C, Yin, M, Pan, P, Fang, F, Zhou, Y. and Ji, Y. (2019). “Long-Term Exposure to Moderate Noise Induces Neural Plasticity in The Infant Rat Primary Auditory Cortex”. Animal Cells and Systems, 23, 260-269.
- 4. Jarup, L, Dudley, M.L, Babisch, W, Houthuijs, D, Swart, W. and Pershagen, G. (2005). “Hypertension and Exposure to Noise Near Airports (HYENA): Study Design and Noise Exposure Assessment”. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 1473-1478.
- 5. Visser, O, Wijnen, J.H.V. and Leeuwen, F.E.V. (2005). “Incidence of Cancer in the Area Around Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in 1988-2003: A Population-Based Ecological Study”. BMC Public Health, 5, 127-137.
- 6. Stansfeld, S.A. and Matheson, M.P. (2003). “Noise Pollution: Non-Auditory Effects on Health”. British Medical Bulletin, 68, 243-57.
- 7. Segal, AY, Sletten, T.L, Flynn-Evans, E.E, Lockley, S.W. and Rajaratnam, S.M. (2016). “Daytime Exposure to Short-and Medium-Wavelength Light Did Not Improve Alertness and Neurobehavioral Performance”. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 31, 470-482.
- 8. Fanucchi, M.V. (2014). “Antioxidant and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme Systems”. The Lung (Second Edition) Academic Press.
- 9. Supuran, C.T. (2008). “Carbonic Anhydrases: Novel Therapeutic Applications for Inhibitors and Activators”. Nature Review Drug Discovery, 7, 168-181.
- 10. Dizdaroglu, Y, Albay, C, Arslan, T, Ece, A, Turkoglu, E.A. and Efe, A. (2020). “Design, Synthesis and Molecular Modelling Studies of Some Pyrazole Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors”. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemitry, 35 (1), 289-297.
- 11. Supuran, C.T. (2017). “Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition and the Management of Hypotoxic Tumours”. Metabolites, 7, 48-61.
- 12. Attarha, M, Bigelow, J. and Merzenich, M.M. (2018). “Unintended Consequences of White Noise Therapy for Tinnitus-Otolaryngology's Cobra Effect: A Review”. JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 144, 938-943.
- 13. Sharma, A. and Goyal, R. (2020). “Long-term Exposure to Constant Light Induces Dementia, Oxidative Stress and Promotes Aggregation of Sub-pathological Aβ42 in Wistar rats”. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 192, 172892.
- 14. Ogo, F.M, Siervo, G.E.M.L., Praxedes, A.M, Vieira, H.R, da Silva Scarton, S.R., Bitencourt, A.T.G, Arena, A.C, Simão, A.N.C, Guerra, M.T, de Freitas Mathias, P.C. and Fernandes, G.S.A. (2023). “Gestational Exposure to Continuous Light Impairs the Development of the Female Reproductive System in Adult Wistar Rat Offspring”. Birth Defects Research, 115 (7), 710-721.
- 15. Verpoorte, J.A, Mehta, S. and Edsall, J.T. (1967). “Esterase Activities of Human Carbonic Anhydrases B and C”. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 242 (18), 4221-4229.
- 16. Yakan, H, Bilir, G, Cakmak, S., Tas, O., Türköz Karakullukçu, N., Soydan, E., Kütük, H., Güçlü, C., Senturk, M., Arslan, T., Öztürk, S., Aksakal, E. and Ekinci, D. (2023). “Inhibitory Effects of Sulfenimides on Human and Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes”. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 38, 2194573.
- 17. Paglia, D.E. and Valentine, W.N. (1967). “Studies on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase”. Labratory of Clinical Medicine, 70, 158-169.
- 18. Aebi, H.E. (1983). “Methods of Enzymatic Analysis”. Verlag Chemie, Weinhem, 273- 286.
- 19. Atasever, A., Arslan, M., Sirkecioglu, N., Bayir, A., Ekinci, D., Senturk, M. (2014). “Influence of Different Dietary Lipids on the Activity of Metabolic Enzymes in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)”. Turk Journal of Fishery and Aquatic Science, 14, 31-36.
- 20. Shaha, C, Tripathi, R. and Mishra, D.P. (2010). “Male Germ Cell Apoptosis: Regulation and Biology”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 365, 1501-1515.
- 21. Farzadinia, P, Bigdeli, M, Akbarzadeh, S, Mohammadi, M, Daneshi, A. and Bargahi, A. (2016). “Effect of Noise Pollution on Testicular Tissue and Hormonal Assessment in Rat”. Andrologia, 48, 869-873.
- 22. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (2011). “Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise: Quantification of Healthy Life Years Lost in Europe”.
- 23. Pramanik, P. and Biswas, S. (2012). “Traffic Noise: A Silent Killer of Male Gamete of Albino Rats”. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences, 5, 82-89.
- 24. Aleandri, V, Spina, V. and Morini, A. (1996). “The Pineal Gland and Reproduction”. Human Reproduction Update, 2, 225-235.
- 25. Michaud, D.S, McLean, J, Keith, S.E, Ferrarotto, C, Hayley, S. and Khan, S.A. (2003). “Differential Impact of Audiogenic Stressors on Lewis and Fischer Rats: Behavioral, Neurochemical, and Endocrine Variations”. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 1068-1081.
- 26. Spreng, M. (2000). “Central Nervous System Activation by Noise”. Noise Health, 7, 29-37.
- 27. Negro-Vilar, A. (1993). “Stress and Other Environmental Factors Affecting Fertility in Men and Women: Overview”. Environmental Health Perspectives, 101 (2), 59-64.
Öz
Tanım olarak beyaz gürültü (BG), çeşitli frekansların birleşiminden oluşan bir ses türüdür. Gürültü insanlar ve diğer canlılar için önemli bir çevresel stres kaynağıdır ve ışık, sirkadiyen ritim, hormonal ve nöro-davranış düzeylerinde güçlü bir uyarıcı etkisi vardır. Stres maruziyetine yanıt olarak canlılar büyük ölçüde serbest radikaller üretir, bu da oksidatif sistemde değişikliklere neden olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, beyaz gürültü ve ışık gibi çevresel stres faktörlerinin testis karbonik anhidraz (CA), katalaz (CAT) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) enzimlerinin aktiviteleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. 18 Sprag Dawley erkek rat 3 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci grup, Kontrol grubu (strese maruz kalmadan, 12/12 aydınlık-karanlık döngüsü, 24±2°C normal ortam sıcaklığı), ikinci grup BG 60' grubu (14 gün boyunca günde 60 dakika 90 dB'de BG)) ve üçüncü grup BG 60' + gün aşırı ışık grubu (90 dB'de 60 dakika/gün BG maruziyeti ve gün aşırı 24 saat sürekli ışık maruziyeti). Çalışma sonunda testis dokuları homojenize edilerek santrifüj edildi. Enzim aktiviteleri spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü.
Sonuç olarak hem BG hem de BG + ışık maruziyeti uygulanan gruplarda kontrol ile kıyasladığımız zaman; CA enzimi için her iki uygulamada da düşüş, CAT ve GPx enzimlerinde ise her iki uygulamada da atrış olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, hem BG hem de BG + ışık maruziyeti uygulanan gruplarda kontrol ile kıyasladığımız zaman; CA enzimi için her iki uygulamada da düşüş, CAT ve GPx enzimlerinde ise her iki uygulamada da atrış olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Pickens, T.A, Khan, S.P. and Berlau, D.J. (2019). “White Noise as a Possible Therapeutic Option for Children With ADHD”. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 42, 151-155.
- 2. Karakoç, A. and Türker, F. (2014). “Effects of White Noise and Holding on Pain Perception in Newborns”. Pain Management Nursing, 15, 864-870.
- 3. Xia, C, Yin, M, Pan, P, Fang, F, Zhou, Y. and Ji, Y. (2019). “Long-Term Exposure to Moderate Noise Induces Neural Plasticity in The Infant Rat Primary Auditory Cortex”. Animal Cells and Systems, 23, 260-269.
- 4. Jarup, L, Dudley, M.L, Babisch, W, Houthuijs, D, Swart, W. and Pershagen, G. (2005). “Hypertension and Exposure to Noise Near Airports (HYENA): Study Design and Noise Exposure Assessment”. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, 1473-1478.
- 5. Visser, O, Wijnen, J.H.V. and Leeuwen, F.E.V. (2005). “Incidence of Cancer in the Area Around Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in 1988-2003: A Population-Based Ecological Study”. BMC Public Health, 5, 127-137.
- 6. Stansfeld, S.A. and Matheson, M.P. (2003). “Noise Pollution: Non-Auditory Effects on Health”. British Medical Bulletin, 68, 243-57.
- 7. Segal, AY, Sletten, T.L, Flynn-Evans, E.E, Lockley, S.W. and Rajaratnam, S.M. (2016). “Daytime Exposure to Short-and Medium-Wavelength Light Did Not Improve Alertness and Neurobehavioral Performance”. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 31, 470-482.
- 8. Fanucchi, M.V. (2014). “Antioxidant and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme Systems”. The Lung (Second Edition) Academic Press.
- 9. Supuran, C.T. (2008). “Carbonic Anhydrases: Novel Therapeutic Applications for Inhibitors and Activators”. Nature Review Drug Discovery, 7, 168-181.
- 10. Dizdaroglu, Y, Albay, C, Arslan, T, Ece, A, Turkoglu, E.A. and Efe, A. (2020). “Design, Synthesis and Molecular Modelling Studies of Some Pyrazole Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors”. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemitry, 35 (1), 289-297.
- 11. Supuran, C.T. (2017). “Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition and the Management of Hypotoxic Tumours”. Metabolites, 7, 48-61.
- 12. Attarha, M, Bigelow, J. and Merzenich, M.M. (2018). “Unintended Consequences of White Noise Therapy for Tinnitus-Otolaryngology's Cobra Effect: A Review”. JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 144, 938-943.
- 13. Sharma, A. and Goyal, R. (2020). “Long-term Exposure to Constant Light Induces Dementia, Oxidative Stress and Promotes Aggregation of Sub-pathological Aβ42 in Wistar rats”. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 192, 172892.
- 14. Ogo, F.M, Siervo, G.E.M.L., Praxedes, A.M, Vieira, H.R, da Silva Scarton, S.R., Bitencourt, A.T.G, Arena, A.C, Simão, A.N.C, Guerra, M.T, de Freitas Mathias, P.C. and Fernandes, G.S.A. (2023). “Gestational Exposure to Continuous Light Impairs the Development of the Female Reproductive System in Adult Wistar Rat Offspring”. Birth Defects Research, 115 (7), 710-721.
- 15. Verpoorte, J.A, Mehta, S. and Edsall, J.T. (1967). “Esterase Activities of Human Carbonic Anhydrases B and C”. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 242 (18), 4221-4229.
- 16. Yakan, H, Bilir, G, Cakmak, S., Tas, O., Türköz Karakullukçu, N., Soydan, E., Kütük, H., Güçlü, C., Senturk, M., Arslan, T., Öztürk, S., Aksakal, E. and Ekinci, D. (2023). “Inhibitory Effects of Sulfenimides on Human and Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes”. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 38, 2194573.
- 17. Paglia, D.E. and Valentine, W.N. (1967). “Studies on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase”. Labratory of Clinical Medicine, 70, 158-169.
- 18. Aebi, H.E. (1983). “Methods of Enzymatic Analysis”. Verlag Chemie, Weinhem, 273- 286.
- 19. Atasever, A., Arslan, M., Sirkecioglu, N., Bayir, A., Ekinci, D., Senturk, M. (2014). “Influence of Different Dietary Lipids on the Activity of Metabolic Enzymes in Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)”. Turk Journal of Fishery and Aquatic Science, 14, 31-36.
- 20. Shaha, C, Tripathi, R. and Mishra, D.P. (2010). “Male Germ Cell Apoptosis: Regulation and Biology”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 365, 1501-1515.
- 21. Farzadinia, P, Bigdeli, M, Akbarzadeh, S, Mohammadi, M, Daneshi, A. and Bargahi, A. (2016). “Effect of Noise Pollution on Testicular Tissue and Hormonal Assessment in Rat”. Andrologia, 48, 869-873.
- 22. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (2011). “Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise: Quantification of Healthy Life Years Lost in Europe”.
- 23. Pramanik, P. and Biswas, S. (2012). “Traffic Noise: A Silent Killer of Male Gamete of Albino Rats”. Al Ameen Journal of Medical Sciences, 5, 82-89.
- 24. Aleandri, V, Spina, V. and Morini, A. (1996). “The Pineal Gland and Reproduction”. Human Reproduction Update, 2, 225-235.
- 25. Michaud, D.S, McLean, J, Keith, S.E, Ferrarotto, C, Hayley, S. and Khan, S.A. (2003). “Differential Impact of Audiogenic Stressors on Lewis and Fischer Rats: Behavioral, Neurochemical, and Endocrine Variations”. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 1068-1081.
- 26. Spreng, M. (2000). “Central Nervous System Activation by Noise”. Noise Health, 7, 29-37.
- 27. Negro-Vilar, A. (1993). “Stress and Other Environmental Factors Affecting Fertility in Men and Women: Overview”. Environmental Health Perspectives, 101 (2), 59-64.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Enzimler |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 26 Eylül 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3 |
