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Are Nutritional Habits and Quality of Life Effective in The Development of Breast Cancer in Post-Menopausal Period?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 1301 - 1312, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nutrition habits and quality of life on the risk of developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The study included 30 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 30 women without cancer who participated voluntarily between April-June 2022. Socio-demographic characteristics, information about menopause, nutritional habits consisting of questions prepared by using the literature and the food consumption frequency form were questioned, and the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Scale was applied. Body weight and height were recorded based on self-report. The average age of the women in the patient group was 59.1±10.82 years and 58.7±7.67 years in the control group. The mean age at menarche was 12.6±1.33 years for women with breast cancer and 12.9±1.53 years for women in the control group. The mean age of menopause onset was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (45.7±5.75 years; 48.7±4.14 years, respectively). It was determined that the mean BMI of the patient group (31.0±3.29 kg/m2) was statistically higher than the control group (25.8±3.72 kg/m2). The night-time eating rate of women in the patient group (66.7%) was found to be significantly higher than the control group (16.7%) (p<0.05). As the psychosocial domain score of the quality-of-life subgroups increased, the risk of breast cancer also increased (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.94-1.19). In conclusion, it was determined that there is a relationship between obesity, night eating, hormone medication use, psychosocial habits, and breast cancer. Positive changes in nutrition and lifestyle habits can reduce the risk of breast cancer.

Kaynakça

  • 1. National Cancer Institute. (2022). “Cancer Stat Facts: Female Breast Cancer”. Erişim adresi: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html (Erişim tarihi: 10.03.2023).
  • 2. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. (2017). “Türkiye Kanser İstatistikleri 2017”. Erişim adresi: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/istatistik/ Turkiye_Kanser_Istatistikleri_2017_OZETLI.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2023).
  • 3. Youn, H.J. and Han, W. (2020). “A Review of the Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Asia: Focus on Risk Factors”. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21 (4), 867-880.
  • 4. Nindrea, R.D, Aryandono, T. and Lazuardi, L. (2017). “Breast Cancer Risk from Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors among Women in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis”. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 18 (12), 3201-3206.
  • 5. Kashyap, D, Pal, D, Sharma, R, Garg, V.K, Goel, N, Koundal D, Zaguia, A, Koundal, S. and Belay, A. (2022). “Global Increase in Breast Cancer Incidence: Risk Factors and Preventive Measures”. Biomed Research and International, 2022, 9605439.
  • 6. Fakhri, N, Chad, M.A, Lahkim, M, Houari, A, Dehbi, H, Belmouden, A. and El Kadmiri, N. (2022). “Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women: An Update Review”. Medical Oncology, 39 (12), 197.
  • 7. Arthur, R.S, Wang, T, Xue, X, Kamensky, V. and Rohan, T.E. (2020). “Genetic Factors, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer among Women in the UK Biobank”. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 112 (9), 893-901.
  • 8. Shafaie, F.S, Mirghafourvand, M. and Amirzehni, J. (2019). “Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer”. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 25 (1), 73-78.
  • 9. Srivastava, S, Srivastava, A, Tiwari, S. and Mishra, A.K. (2019). “Life Quality Index Assessment in Breast Cancer Patients”. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, 10 (3), 476-482.
  • 10. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. (2018). “Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Breast Cancer”. Erişim adresi: https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/ uploads/2021/02/Breast-cancer-report.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • 11. Hilditch, J.R, Lewis, J, Peter, A, van Maris, B, Ross, A, Franssen, E, Guyatt, G.H, Norton, P.G. and Dunn, E. (2008). "A Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties". Maturitas, 61 (1-2), 107-21.
  • 12. Hotun Şahin, N. Kharbouch, S.B. and Şahin N.H. (2014). “Menopozal Dönemlerdeki Yaşam Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi”. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15 (59), 82-90.
  • 13. Smith, A.W, Reeve, B.B, Bellizzi, K.M, Harlan, L.C, Klabunde, C.N, Amsellem, M, Bierman, A.S. and Hays, R.D. (2008). “Cancer, Comorbidities, and Health-Related Quality of Life of Older Adults”. Health Care Financing Review, 29 (4), 41-56.
  • 14. Shin Ng, H, Vitry, A, Koczwara, B, Order, D. and L McBride, M.L. (2019). “Patterns of Comorbidities in Women with Breast Cancer: A Canadian Population-Based Study”. Cancer Causes Control, 30 (9), 931-941.
  • 15. Mehta, L.S, Watson, K.E, Barac, A, Beckie, T.M, Bittner, V, Cruz-Flores, S, Dent, S, Kondapalli, L, Ky, B, Okwuosa, T. and Pina, I.L. (2018). “Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer: Where These Entities Intersect: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association”. Circulation, 137 (8), e30-e66.
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  • 18. Avgerinos, K.I, Spyrou, N, Mantzoros, C.S. and Dalamaga, M. (2019). “Obesity and Cancer Risk: Emerging Biological Mechanisms and Perspectives”. Metabolism, 92, 121-135.
  • 19. Alim, N.E. and Kiziltan, G. (2016). “Assessment of Risk Factors of Obesity and Diet on Breast Cancer in Ankara, Turkey”. Pakistan Journal of Medical Science, 32 (6), 1537-1542.
  • 20. Rock, C.L, Doyle, C, Demark-Wahnefried, W, Meyerhardt, J, Courneya, K.S, Schwartz, AL, Bandera, E.V, Hamilton, K.K, Grant, B, McCullough, M, Byers, T. and Gansler, T. (2012). “Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors”. CA: A Cancer Journal of Clinicians, 62 (4), 243-74.
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  • 23. Bae, J.M. and Kim, E.H. (2015). “Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: A Quantitative Systematic Review”. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 48 (5), 225-30.
  • 24. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. (2019). “Type and Timing of Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk: Individual Participant Meta-Analysis of the Worldwide Epidemiological Evidence”. Lancet, 394 (10204), 1159-1168.
  • 25. Seiler, A, Chen, M.A, Brown, R.L. and Fagundes, C.P. (2018). “Obesity, Dietary Factors, Nutrition, and Breast Cancer Risk”. Current Breast Cancer Reports, 10 (1), 14-27.
  • 26. World Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research. (2017). “Cancer Preventability Estimates”. Erişim adresi: https://www.wcrf.org/diet-activity-and-cancer/cancer-prevention-recommendations/about-our-cancer-prevention-recommendations/ (Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2023)
  • 27. Li, M, Tse, L.A, Chan, W.C, Kwok, C.H, Leung, S.L, Wu, C, Yu, W, Lee, P.M, Tsang, K.H, Law, S.H, Vermeulen, R, Gu, F, Caporaso, N.E, Yu, I.T, Wang, F. and Yang, X.R. (2017). “Nighttime Eating and Breast Cancer among Chinese Women in Hong Kong”. Breast Cancer Research, 19 (1), 31.
  • 28. Kinsey, A.W. and Ormsbee, M.J. (2015). “The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives”. Nutrients, 7 (4), 2648-2662.
  • 29. Marinac, C.R, Sears, D.D, Natarajan, L, Gallo, L.C, Breen, C.I. and Patterson, R.E. (2015). “Frequency and Circadian Timing of Eating May Influence Biomarkers of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Associated with Breast Cancer Risk”. PLoS One, 10 (8), e0136240.
  • 30. Fraser, G.E, Jaceldo-Siegl, K, Orlich, M, Mashchak, A, Sirirat, R. and Knutsen, S. (2020). “Dairy, Soy, and Risk of Breast Cancer: Those Confounded Milks”. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49 (5), 1526-1537.
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Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 1301 - 1312, 26.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796

Öz

Bu çalışmada, menopoz-sonrası dönemdeki kadınların beslenme alışkanlıklarının ve yaşam kalitesinin meme kanseri oluşum riskine etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya, Nisan-Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında meme kanseri tanısı alan 30 kadın ve kanser tanısı almayan 30 gönüllü kadın dahil edilmiştir. Sosyodemografik özellikler, menopoza ilişkin bilgiler, literatürden yararlanılarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan sorular ve besin tüketim sıklığı formu ile beslenme alışkanlıkları sorgulanmış ve Menopoza Özgü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu beyana dayalı alınmıştır. Kadınların yaş ortalaması meme kanseri grubunda 59,1±10,82 yıl iken kontrol grubunda 58,7±7,67 yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Menarş yaşı ortalaması hasta grubunda 12,6±1,33 yıl, kontrol grubunda ise 12,9±1,53 yıl olarak saptanmıştır. Hasta grubundaki kadınların menopoz başlangıç yaşı ortalamasının kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır (sırasıyla 45,7±5,75 yıl; 48,7±4,14 yıl). Hasta grubunun BKİ ortalamasının (31,0±3,29 kg/m2) kontrol grubuna (25,8±3,72 kg/m2) göre istatistiksel olarak daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hasta grubundaki kadınların (%66,7) gece yeme oranının kontrol grubundakilere (%16,7) göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Yaşam kalitesi alt gruplarından psikososyal alan puanı arttıkça meme kanseri riski artmaktadır (OR: 1,20; %95 GA: 0,94-1,19). Sonuç olarak, obezite, gece yeme, hormon ilacı kullanımı ve psikososyal alana ilişkin alışkanlıklar ve meme kanseri arasında ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Beslenme ve yaşam tarzı alışkanlıklarında olumlu yönde yapılacak değişiklikler ile meme kanseri riskinde azalma sağlanabileceği söylenebilir.

Teşekkür

Çalışma sürecinde yardımlarından dolayı Türk Kanser Derneği ve çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • 1. National Cancer Institute. (2022). “Cancer Stat Facts: Female Breast Cancer”. Erişim adresi: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html (Erişim tarihi: 10.03.2023).
  • 2. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. (2017). “Türkiye Kanser İstatistikleri 2017”. Erişim adresi: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/istatistik/ Turkiye_Kanser_Istatistikleri_2017_OZETLI.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2023).
  • 3. Youn, H.J. and Han, W. (2020). “A Review of the Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Asia: Focus on Risk Factors”. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21 (4), 867-880.
  • 4. Nindrea, R.D, Aryandono, T. and Lazuardi, L. (2017). “Breast Cancer Risk from Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors among Women in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis”. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 18 (12), 3201-3206.
  • 5. Kashyap, D, Pal, D, Sharma, R, Garg, V.K, Goel, N, Koundal D, Zaguia, A, Koundal, S. and Belay, A. (2022). “Global Increase in Breast Cancer Incidence: Risk Factors and Preventive Measures”. Biomed Research and International, 2022, 9605439.
  • 6. Fakhri, N, Chad, M.A, Lahkim, M, Houari, A, Dehbi, H, Belmouden, A. and El Kadmiri, N. (2022). “Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women: An Update Review”. Medical Oncology, 39 (12), 197.
  • 7. Arthur, R.S, Wang, T, Xue, X, Kamensky, V. and Rohan, T.E. (2020). “Genetic Factors, Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behavior, and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer among Women in the UK Biobank”. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 112 (9), 893-901.
  • 8. Shafaie, F.S, Mirghafourvand, M. and Amirzehni, J. (2019). “Predictors of Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer”. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 25 (1), 73-78.
  • 9. Srivastava, S, Srivastava, A, Tiwari, S. and Mishra, A.K. (2019). “Life Quality Index Assessment in Breast Cancer Patients”. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology, 10 (3), 476-482.
  • 10. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. (2018). “Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Breast Cancer”. Erişim adresi: https://www.wcrf.org/wp-content/ uploads/2021/02/Breast-cancer-report.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • 11. Hilditch, J.R, Lewis, J, Peter, A, van Maris, B, Ross, A, Franssen, E, Guyatt, G.H, Norton, P.G. and Dunn, E. (2008). "A Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties". Maturitas, 61 (1-2), 107-21.
  • 12. Hotun Şahin, N. Kharbouch, S.B. and Şahin N.H. (2014). “Menopozal Dönemlerdeki Yaşam Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi”. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15 (59), 82-90.
  • 13. Smith, A.W, Reeve, B.B, Bellizzi, K.M, Harlan, L.C, Klabunde, C.N, Amsellem, M, Bierman, A.S. and Hays, R.D. (2008). “Cancer, Comorbidities, and Health-Related Quality of Life of Older Adults”. Health Care Financing Review, 29 (4), 41-56.
  • 14. Shin Ng, H, Vitry, A, Koczwara, B, Order, D. and L McBride, M.L. (2019). “Patterns of Comorbidities in Women with Breast Cancer: A Canadian Population-Based Study”. Cancer Causes Control, 30 (9), 931-941.
  • 15. Mehta, L.S, Watson, K.E, Barac, A, Beckie, T.M, Bittner, V, Cruz-Flores, S, Dent, S, Kondapalli, L, Ky, B, Okwuosa, T. and Pina, I.L. (2018). “Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer: Where These Entities Intersect: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association”. Circulation, 137 (8), e30-e66.
  • 16. Shu, X, Wu, L, Khankari, N.K, Shu, X.O, Wang, T.J, Michailidou, K, Bolla, M.K, Wang, Q, Dennis, J, Milne, R.L, Schmidt, M.K, Pharoah, P.D.P, Andrulis, I.L, Hunter, D.J, Simard, J, Easton, D.F. and Zheng, W. (2019). “Associations of Obesity and Circulating Insulin and Glucose with Breast Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis”. International Journal of Epidemiology, 48 (3), 795-806.
  • 17. Park, J.W, Han, K, Shin, D.W, Yeo, Y, Chang, J.W, Yoo, J.E, Jeong, S, Lee, S, Ryu, J.M. and Park, Y. (2021). “Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk for Pre- and Postmenopausal Women among over 6 Million Korean Women”. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 185 (2), 495-506.
  • 18. Avgerinos, K.I, Spyrou, N, Mantzoros, C.S. and Dalamaga, M. (2019). “Obesity and Cancer Risk: Emerging Biological Mechanisms and Perspectives”. Metabolism, 92, 121-135.
  • 19. Alim, N.E. and Kiziltan, G. (2016). “Assessment of Risk Factors of Obesity and Diet on Breast Cancer in Ankara, Turkey”. Pakistan Journal of Medical Science, 32 (6), 1537-1542.
  • 20. Rock, C.L, Doyle, C, Demark-Wahnefried, W, Meyerhardt, J, Courneya, K.S, Schwartz, AL, Bandera, E.V, Hamilton, K.K, Grant, B, McCullough, M, Byers, T. and Gansler, T. (2012). “Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Survivors”. CA: A Cancer Journal of Clinicians, 62 (4), 243-74.
  • 21. Saslow, D, Boetes, C, Burke, W, Harms, S, Leach, M.O, Lehman, C.D, Morris, E, Pisano, E, Schnall, M, Sener, S, Smith, R.A, Warner, E, Yaffe, M, Andrews, K.S, Russell, C.A. and American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Advisory Group. (2007). “American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Screening with MRI as an Adjunct to Mammography”. CA: A Cancer Journal of Clinicians, 57 (2), 75-89.
  • 22. Moore, H.C.F, Unger, J.M, Phillips, K.A, Boyle, F, Hitre, E, Moseley, A, Porter, D.J, Francis, P.A, Goldstein, L.J, Gomez, H.L, Vallejos, C.S, Partridge, A.H, Dakhil, S.R, Garcia, A.A, Gralow, J.R, Lombard, J.M, Forbes, J.F, Martino, S, Barlow, W.E, Fabian, C.J. and Albain, K.S. (2019). “Final Analysis of the Prevention of Early Menopause Study (POEMS)/SWOG Intergroup S0230”. Journal of National Cancer Institute, 111 (2), 210-213.
  • 23. Bae, J.M. and Kim, E.H. (2015). “Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: A Quantitative Systematic Review”. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 48 (5), 225-30.
  • 24. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. (2019). “Type and Timing of Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk: Individual Participant Meta-Analysis of the Worldwide Epidemiological Evidence”. Lancet, 394 (10204), 1159-1168.
  • 25. Seiler, A, Chen, M.A, Brown, R.L. and Fagundes, C.P. (2018). “Obesity, Dietary Factors, Nutrition, and Breast Cancer Risk”. Current Breast Cancer Reports, 10 (1), 14-27.
  • 26. World Cancer Research Fund International/American Institute for Cancer Research. (2017). “Cancer Preventability Estimates”. Erişim adresi: https://www.wcrf.org/diet-activity-and-cancer/cancer-prevention-recommendations/about-our-cancer-prevention-recommendations/ (Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2023)
  • 27. Li, M, Tse, L.A, Chan, W.C, Kwok, C.H, Leung, S.L, Wu, C, Yu, W, Lee, P.M, Tsang, K.H, Law, S.H, Vermeulen, R, Gu, F, Caporaso, N.E, Yu, I.T, Wang, F. and Yang, X.R. (2017). “Nighttime Eating and Breast Cancer among Chinese Women in Hong Kong”. Breast Cancer Research, 19 (1), 31.
  • 28. Kinsey, A.W. and Ormsbee, M.J. (2015). “The Health Impact of Nighttime Eating: Old and New Perspectives”. Nutrients, 7 (4), 2648-2662.
  • 29. Marinac, C.R, Sears, D.D, Natarajan, L, Gallo, L.C, Breen, C.I. and Patterson, R.E. (2015). “Frequency and Circadian Timing of Eating May Influence Biomarkers of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Associated with Breast Cancer Risk”. PLoS One, 10 (8), e0136240.
  • 30. Fraser, G.E, Jaceldo-Siegl, K, Orlich, M, Mashchak, A, Sirirat, R. and Knutsen, S. (2020). “Dairy, Soy, and Risk of Breast Cancer: Those Confounded Milks”. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49 (5), 1526-1537.
  • 31. Marcondes, L.H, Franco, O.H, Ruiter, R, Ikram, M.A, Mulder, M, Stricker, B.H. and Kiefte-de Jong, J.C. (2019). “Animal Foods and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study”. The British Journal of Nutrition, 122 (5), 583-591.
  • 32. Anderson, J.J, Darwis, N.D.M, Mackay, D.F, Celis-Morales, C.A, Lyall, D.M, Sattar, N, Gill, J.M. and Pell, J.P. (2018). “Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Breast Cancer: UK Biobank Cohort Study and Meta-Analysis”. European Journal of Cancer, 90, 73-82.
  • 33. Jacobs, I, Taljaard-Krugell, C, Ricci, C, Vorster, H, Rinaldi, S, Cubasch, H, Laubscher, R, Joffe, M, van Zyl, T, Norris, S.A. and Romieu, I. (2019). “Dietary Intake and Breast Cancer Risk in Black South African Women: The South African Breast Cancer Study”. The British Journal of Nutrition, 121 (5), 591-600.
  • 34. Shamshirian, A, Heydari, K, Shams, Z, Aref, A.R, Shamshirian, D, Tamtaji, O.R, Asemi, Z. Shojaie, L, Mirzaei, H, Mohammadi, N, Zibaee, B, Karimifar, K, Zarandi, B, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A. and Alizadeh-Navae, R. (2020). “Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis”. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation, 41 (4).
  • 35. Marzbani, B, Nazari, J, Najafi, F, Marzbani, B, Shahabadi, S, Amini, M, Moradinazar, M, Pasdar, Y, Shakiba, E. and Amini, S. (2019). “Dietary Patterns, Nutrition, and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in the West of Iran”. Epidemiology and Health, 41, e2019003.
  • 36. Holmes, M.D. and Willett, W.C. (2004). “Does Diet Affect Breast Cancer Risk?”. Breast Cancer Research, 6 (4), 170-178.
  • 37. Sieri, S, Krogh, V, Ferrari, P, Berrino, F, Pala, V, Thiébaut, A.C, Tjonneland, A, Olsen, A, Overvad, K, Jakobsen, M.U, Clavel-Chapelon, F, Chajes, V, Boutron-Ruault, MC, Kaaks, R, Linseisen, J, Boeing, H, Nöthlings, U, Trichopoulou, A, Naska, A, Lagiou, P, Panico, S, Palli, D, Vineis, P, Tumino, R, Lund, E, Kumle, M, Skeie, G, González, C.A, Ardanaz, E, Amiano, P, Tormo, M.J, Martínez-García, C, Quirós, J.R, Berglund, G, Gullberg, B, Hallmans, G, Lenner, P, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, H, Van Duijnhoven, F.J.B, Peeters, H.P.M, van Gils, C.H, Key, T.J, Crowe, F.L, Bingham, S, Khaw, K.T, Rinaldi, S, Slimani, M.J, Norat, T. and Riboli, E. (2008). “Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition”. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88 (5), 1304-1312.
  • 38. Bower, J.E, Crosswell, A.D, Stanton, A.L, Crespi, C.M, Winston, D, Arevalo, J, Ma, J, Cole, S.W. and Ganz, P.A. (2015). “Mindfulness Meditation for Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial”. Cancer, 121 (8), 1231-1240.
  • 39. Bień, A, Korżyńska-Piętas, M, Zarajczyk, M, Wysokiński, M, Niewiadomska, I, Jurek, K. and Rzońca, E. (2023). “Factors Determining the Quality of Life of Polish Women during Menopause Based on the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire”. Healthcare, 11 (8), 1173.
  • 40. Huang, D.R, Goodship, A, Webber, I, Alaa, A, Sasco, E.R, Hayhoe, B, El-Osta, A. (2023). “Experience and Severity of Menopause Symptoms and Effects on Health-Seeking Behaviours: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Community Dwelling Adults in the United Kingdom”. BMC Women's Health, 23 (1), 373.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Burçak Çubukçu 0000-0002-7032-7039

Fatma Tayhan Kartal 0000-0001-8524-9048

Gözde Ede 0000-0002-0702-0878

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çubukçu, B., Tayhan Kartal, F., & Ede, G. (2023). Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi?. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796
AMA Çubukçu B, Tayhan Kartal F, Ede G. Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi?. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Eylül 2023;12(3):1301-1312. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796
Chicago Çubukçu, Burçak, Fatma Tayhan Kartal, ve Gözde Ede. “Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili Mi?”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, sy. 3 (Eylül 2023): 1301-12. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796.
EndNote Çubukçu B, Tayhan Kartal F, Ede G (01 Eylül 2023) Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi?. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 3 1301–1312.
IEEE B. Çubukçu, F. Tayhan Kartal, ve G. Ede, “Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi?”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 3, ss. 1301–1312, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796.
ISNAD Çubukçu, Burçak vd. “Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili Mi?”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/3 (Eylül 2023), 1301-1312. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796.
JAMA Çubukçu B, Tayhan Kartal F, Ede G. Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi?. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:1301–1312.
MLA Çubukçu, Burçak vd. “Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili Mi?”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 1301-12, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1275796.
Vancouver Çubukçu B, Tayhan Kartal F, Ede G. Menopoz-Sonrası Dönemde Meme Kanseri Gelişiminde Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve Yaşam Kalitesi Etkili mi?. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(3):1301-12.