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Effect of Sulfamerazine on Oxidative Stress of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 22 - 30, 19.06.2023

M. Enis Yonar Seval Yılmaz Naim Saglam

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of sulfamerazine on oxidative stress of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish were divided into four groups. The first group was fed with diets containing no sulfamerazine; the second group was supplemented with sulfamerazine at 100 mg kg-1 for 21 days; the third group was treated with sulfamerazine at 200 mg kg-1 for 21 days; fourth group were supplemented with sulfamerazine at 400 kg-1 for 21days. Blood samples were taken to determine of the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT) activities from fish on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days of feeding. The levels of MDA were lower in the groups exposed to three different doses of sulfamerazine treatment than in the control group on day 3rd. MDA levels began to increase depending on time at group supplemented with sulfamerazine. MDA levels were found to be higher at fish exposed to 200 mg kg-1 dose than those observed in fish exposed to 100 and 400 mg kg-1 dose of sulfamerazine (P<0.05). CAT activities increased in rainbow trout after application of three different doses of sulfamerazine on day 3rd of exposure, while they decreased after application of sulfamerazine on day 14th, 21st of exposure. CAT activities were found to be higher at fish exposed to 200 mg kg-1 dose of sulfamerazine than those observed in fish exposed to 100 and 400 mg kg-1 dose (P<0.05). It was observed that oxidant-antioxidant status changed in rainbow trout after application of different doses of sulfamerazine

Anahtar Kelimeler

catalase malondialdehyde rainbow trout sulfamerazine

Kaynakça

  • Abuja, P. M., & Albertini, R. (2001). Methods for monitoring oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and oxidation resistance of lipoproteins. Clinica Chimica Acta, 306, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00393-x
  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
  • Anderson, D. P., & Jeney, G. (1992). Immunostimulants added to injected Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin enhance the defense mechanisms and protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 34, 379-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(92)90177-R
  • Anderson, D. P., & Zeeman, M. G. (1995). Immunotoxicology in fish. In G.M. Rand (Ed.), Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Babior, B. M. (1978). Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes (second of two parts). The New England Journal of Medicine, 298, 721-725. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197803302981305
  • Dalmo, R. A., Ingebrigtsen, K., & Bogwald, J. (1997). Non-specific defence mechanisms in fish, with particular reference to the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Journal of Fish Diseases, 20, 241-273. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00302.x
  • Di Giulio, R. T., Habig, C., & Callagher, E. P. (1993). Effects to black rock harbor sediments on indices of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and DNA integrity in channel catfish. Aquatic Toxicology, 26, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(93)90002-I
  • Draper, H. H., Squires, E. J., Mahmooch, H., Wu, J., Agarwal, S., & Handley, M. (1993). A comparative evaluation of thiobarbituric acid methods for the determination of malondialdehyde in biological materials. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 15, 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(93)90035-S
  • Eksen, T., & Mişe Yonar, S. (2021). Effect of ellagic acid on growth and some antioxidant parameters in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(3), 337-343. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.3.10
  • Greenfield, S. M., Punchard, N. A. & Thompson, R. P. (1991). Inhibition of red cell membrane lipid peroxidation by sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Gut, 32, 1156-1159. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.32.10.1156
  • Hai, D. Q., Varga, I. S., & Matkovics, B. (1995). Effects of an organophosphate on the antioxidant system in fish tissues. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 46, 39-50.
  • Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (2000). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Hassoun, E. A., & Stohs, S. J. (1996). TCDD, endrin and lindane induced oxidative stress in fetal and placental tissues of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiolgy (C), 115, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-8413(96)00116-8
  • Hasspieler, B. M., Behar, J. V., & Di Giulio, R. T. (1994). Glutathione-dependent defense in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameriurius nebulosus). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 28, 82-90. http://doi:10.1006/eesa.1994.1036
  • Hidalgo, M. C., Expósito, A., Palma, J. M., & De La Higuera, M. (2002). Oxidative stress generated by dietary Zn-deficiency: studies in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 34, 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00105-4
  • Janero, D. R. (1990). Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 9, 515-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(90)90131-2
  • Kappus, H., & Sies, H. (1981). Toxic drug effects associated with oxygen metabolism, redox cycling and lipid peroxidation. Experientia, 37, 1233-1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01948335
  • Kehrer, J. P. (2000). The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology, 149, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00231-6
  • Kelly, S. A., Havrilla, C. M., Brady, T. C., Abramo, K. H., & Levin, E. D. (1998). Oxidative stress in toxicology: Established mammalian and emerging piscine model system. Environmental Health Perspective, 106, 375-384. http://doi:10.1289/ehp.98106375
  • Kohen, R., & Nyska, A. (2002). Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification. Toxicological Pathology, 30, 620-650. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230290166724
  • Kolayli, S., & Keha, E. (1999). A comparative study of antioxidant enzyme activities in freshwater and seawater-adapted rainbow trout. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 6, 334-337. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:6<334::AID-JBT7>3.0.CO;2-M
  • Livingstone, D. R. (1998). Organic xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems: quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A), 120, 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10008-9
  • Lundén, T., & Bylund, G. (2002). Effect of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 85, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00422-6
  • Mişe Yonar, S. (2019). Growth performance, haematological changes, immune response, antioxidant activity and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diet supplemented with ellagic acid. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 95, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.056
  • Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M. E., & Ural, M. S. (2017). Antioxidant effect of curcumin against exposure to malathion in Cyprinus carpio. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 63(3), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.3.1
  • Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M. E., Pala, A., Saglam, N., & Sakin, F. (2019). Effect of trichlorfon on some haematological and biochemical changes in Cyprinus carpio: The ameliorative effect of lycopene. Aquaculture Reports, 16, 100246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100246
  • Pandey, S., Ahmad, I., Parvez, S., Bin-Hafeez, B., Haque, R., & Raisuddin, S. (2001). Effect of endosulfan on antioxidants of freshwater fish Channa punctatus Bloch: 1. Protection against lipid peroxidation in liver by copper preexposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 41, 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010258
  • Radi, A. A., Hay, D. Q., Gabrielak, T., & Matkovics, B. (1985). Comparative antioxidant enzyme study in freshwater fishes. I. Distribution of superoxide dismutase, peroxide-decomposing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in herbivorous fishes. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 36, 169-174.
  • Radice, S., Ferraris, M., Marabini, L., Grande, S., & Chiesara, E. (2001). Effect of iprodione, a dicarboximide fungicide, on primary cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Aquatic Toxicology, 54, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00175-2
  • Saglam, N., & Yonar, M. E. (2009). Effects of sulfamerazine on selected haematological and immunological parameters in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1972). Aquaculture Research, 40, 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02105.x
  • Satoh, K. (1978). Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clinica Chimica Acta, 90, 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(78)90081-5
  • Sieja, K., & Talerczyk, M. (2004). Selenium as an element in the treatment of ovarian cancer in women receiving chem otherapy. Gynecologic Oncology, 93, 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.12.013
  • Sies, H. (1991). Role of reactive oxygen species in biological processes. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 69, 965-968. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645140
  • Siwicki, A. K., Anderson, D. P., & Dixon, O. W. (1989). Comparisons of nonspecific and specific immunomodulation by oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and levamisole in salmonids. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 23, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(89)90122-0
  • Swann, A. C., Secunda, S. K., Koslow, S. H., Katz, M. M., Bowden, C. L., Maas, J. W. … Robins, E. (1991). Mania: sympathoadrenal function and clinical state. Psychiatry Research, 37, 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(91)90075-z
  • Thomas, P., & Wofford, H. W. (1993). Effect of cadmium and Aroclor 1254 on lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, and selected antioxidants in Atlantic croaker tissues. Aquatic Toxicology, 27, 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(93)90052-3
  • Treves-Brown, K. M. (2000). Applied Fish Pharmacology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
  • Yonar, M. E. (2012). The Effect of lycopene on oxytetracycline-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 32(6), 994-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.012
  • Yonar, M. E., Mişe Yonar, S., Silici, S. (2011). Protective effect of propolis against oxidative stress and immunosuppression induced by oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31, 318-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.019
  • Zigman, S. & Rafferty, N. S. (1994). CAT activity in dogfish (Mustelus canis) ocular tissues. The Biological Bulletin, 187, 247-248.

Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)'nda Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Sulfamerazinin Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 22 - 30, 19.06.2023

M. Enis Yonar Seval Yılmaz Naim Saglam

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)' nda oksidatif stress üzerine sulsamerazinin etkilerini araştırmaktı. Balıklar dört gruba ayrıldı. İlk grup sulfamerazin içermeyen yemle (kontrol), ikinci grup 21 gün süreyle 100 mg kg-1, üçüncü grup 21 gün süreyle 200 mg kg-1, dördüncü grup 21 gün süreyle 400 mg kg-1 sulfamerazin içeren yemlerle beslendi. Balıklardan kan örnekleri beslemenin 3., 7., 14. ve 21. günlerinde malondialdehit (MDA) ve katalaz (CAT) aktivitelerini belirlemek için alındı. MDA düzeyleri, 3. günde sulfamerazinin üç farklı dozunun uygulandığı balıklarda kontrol grubundan daha düşüktü. MDA düzeyleri sulfamerazinle beslenen gruplarda zamana bağlı olarak artmaya başladı. 200 mg kg-1 dozunda sulfamerazin uygulanan balıkların MDA düzeyleri 100 ve 400 mg kg-1 oranında sulfamerazin uygulanan balıklara göre daha yüksek bulundu (P<0.05). CAT aktivitesi uygulamanın 3. gününde sulfamerazinin her üç dozunun uygulandığı balıklarda artarken, uygulamanın 14. ve 21. günlerinde azaldı. 100 ve 400 mg kg-1 oranında sulfamerazin uygulanan balıklara göre 200 mg kg-1 dozunda sulfamerazin uygulanan balıklarda CAT aktivitesi daha yüksek tespit edildi (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak sulfamerazinin farklı dozlarının uygulandığı alabalıklarda antioksidan durumun değiştiği gözlemlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

katalaz malondialdehit gökkuşağı alabalığı sulfamerazin

Kaynakça

  • Abuja, P. M., & Albertini, R. (2001). Methods for monitoring oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and oxidation resistance of lipoproteins. Clinica Chimica Acta, 306, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00393-x
  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3
  • Anderson, D. P., & Jeney, G. (1992). Immunostimulants added to injected Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin enhance the defense mechanisms and protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 34, 379-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(92)90177-R
  • Anderson, D. P., & Zeeman, M. G. (1995). Immunotoxicology in fish. In G.M. Rand (Ed.), Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Babior, B. M. (1978). Oxygen-dependent microbial killing by phagocytes (second of two parts). The New England Journal of Medicine, 298, 721-725. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197803302981305
  • Dalmo, R. A., Ingebrigtsen, K., & Bogwald, J. (1997). Non-specific defence mechanisms in fish, with particular reference to the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Journal of Fish Diseases, 20, 241-273. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00302.x
  • Di Giulio, R. T., Habig, C., & Callagher, E. P. (1993). Effects to black rock harbor sediments on indices of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and DNA integrity in channel catfish. Aquatic Toxicology, 26, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(93)90002-I
  • Draper, H. H., Squires, E. J., Mahmooch, H., Wu, J., Agarwal, S., & Handley, M. (1993). A comparative evaluation of thiobarbituric acid methods for the determination of malondialdehyde in biological materials. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 15, 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(93)90035-S
  • Eksen, T., & Mişe Yonar, S. (2021). Effect of ellagic acid on growth and some antioxidant parameters in scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(3), 337-343. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.38.3.10
  • Greenfield, S. M., Punchard, N. A. & Thompson, R. P. (1991). Inhibition of red cell membrane lipid peroxidation by sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid. Gut, 32, 1156-1159. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.32.10.1156
  • Hai, D. Q., Varga, I. S., & Matkovics, B. (1995). Effects of an organophosphate on the antioxidant system in fish tissues. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 46, 39-50.
  • Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (2000). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Hassoun, E. A., & Stohs, S. J. (1996). TCDD, endrin and lindane induced oxidative stress in fetal and placental tissues of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiolgy (C), 115, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-8413(96)00116-8
  • Hasspieler, B. M., Behar, J. V., & Di Giulio, R. T. (1994). Glutathione-dependent defense in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and brown bullhead (Ameriurius nebulosus). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 28, 82-90. http://doi:10.1006/eesa.1994.1036
  • Hidalgo, M. C., Expósito, A., Palma, J. M., & De La Higuera, M. (2002). Oxidative stress generated by dietary Zn-deficiency: studies in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 34, 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00105-4
  • Janero, D. R. (1990). Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indices of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative tissue injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 9, 515-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(90)90131-2
  • Kappus, H., & Sies, H. (1981). Toxic drug effects associated with oxygen metabolism, redox cycling and lipid peroxidation. Experientia, 37, 1233-1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01948335
  • Kehrer, J. P. (2000). The Haber-Weiss reaction and mechanisms of toxicity. Toxicology, 149, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00231-6
  • Kelly, S. A., Havrilla, C. M., Brady, T. C., Abramo, K. H., & Levin, E. D. (1998). Oxidative stress in toxicology: Established mammalian and emerging piscine model system. Environmental Health Perspective, 106, 375-384. http://doi:10.1289/ehp.98106375
  • Kohen, R., & Nyska, A. (2002). Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification. Toxicological Pathology, 30, 620-650. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230290166724
  • Kolayli, S., & Keha, E. (1999). A comparative study of antioxidant enzyme activities in freshwater and seawater-adapted rainbow trout. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 6, 334-337. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:6<334::AID-JBT7>3.0.CO;2-M
  • Livingstone, D. R. (1998). Organic xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems: quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A), 120, 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10008-9
  • Lundén, T., & Bylund, G. (2002). Effect of sulphadiazine and trimethoprim on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 85, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00422-6
  • Mişe Yonar, S. (2019). Growth performance, haematological changes, immune response, antioxidant activity and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diet supplemented with ellagic acid. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 95, 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.056
  • Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M. E., & Ural, M. S. (2017). Antioxidant effect of curcumin against exposure to malathion in Cyprinus carpio. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 63(3), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2017.63.3.1
  • Mişe Yonar, S., Yonar, M. E., Pala, A., Saglam, N., & Sakin, F. (2019). Effect of trichlorfon on some haematological and biochemical changes in Cyprinus carpio: The ameliorative effect of lycopene. Aquaculture Reports, 16, 100246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2019.100246
  • Pandey, S., Ahmad, I., Parvez, S., Bin-Hafeez, B., Haque, R., & Raisuddin, S. (2001). Effect of endosulfan on antioxidants of freshwater fish Channa punctatus Bloch: 1. Protection against lipid peroxidation in liver by copper preexposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 41, 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010258
  • Radi, A. A., Hay, D. Q., Gabrielak, T., & Matkovics, B. (1985). Comparative antioxidant enzyme study in freshwater fishes. I. Distribution of superoxide dismutase, peroxide-decomposing enzymes and lipid peroxidation in herbivorous fishes. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 36, 169-174.
  • Radice, S., Ferraris, M., Marabini, L., Grande, S., & Chiesara, E. (2001). Effect of iprodione, a dicarboximide fungicide, on primary cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Aquatic Toxicology, 54, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-445X(00)00175-2
  • Saglam, N., & Yonar, M. E. (2009). Effects of sulfamerazine on selected haematological and immunological parameters in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1972). Aquaculture Research, 40, 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.02105.x
  • Satoh, K. (1978). Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clinica Chimica Acta, 90, 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(78)90081-5
  • Sieja, K., & Talerczyk, M. (2004). Selenium as an element in the treatment of ovarian cancer in women receiving chem otherapy. Gynecologic Oncology, 93, 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.12.013
  • Sies, H. (1991). Role of reactive oxygen species in biological processes. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 69, 965-968. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645140
  • Siwicki, A. K., Anderson, D. P., & Dixon, O. W. (1989). Comparisons of nonspecific and specific immunomodulation by oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and levamisole in salmonids. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 23, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(89)90122-0
  • Swann, A. C., Secunda, S. K., Koslow, S. H., Katz, M. M., Bowden, C. L., Maas, J. W. … Robins, E. (1991). Mania: sympathoadrenal function and clinical state. Psychiatry Research, 37, 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(91)90075-z
  • Thomas, P., & Wofford, H. W. (1993). Effect of cadmium and Aroclor 1254 on lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase activity, and selected antioxidants in Atlantic croaker tissues. Aquatic Toxicology, 27, 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(93)90052-3
  • Treves-Brown, K. M. (2000). Applied Fish Pharmacology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher.
  • Yonar, M. E. (2012). The Effect of lycopene on oxytetracycline-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 32(6), 994-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2012.02.012
  • Yonar, M. E., Mişe Yonar, S., Silici, S. (2011). Protective effect of propolis against oxidative stress and immunosuppression induced by oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31, 318-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.019
  • Zigman, S. & Rafferty, N. S. (1994). CAT activity in dogfish (Mustelus canis) ocular tissues. The Biological Bulletin, 187, 247-248.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat, Veterinerlik ve Gıda Bilimleri
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

M. Enis Yonar

Seval Yılmaz

Naim Saglam 0000-0002-3163-8432

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yonar, M. E., Yılmaz, S., & Saglam, N. (2023). Effect of Sulfamerazine on Oxidative Stress of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792). Dünya Sağlık Ve Tabiat Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 22-30.
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