Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5, 459 - 462, 01.09.2023
Öz
The effect of solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger on the nutritional composition of apple pomace was investigated in this study. Apple pomace was milled to 2 mm and sterilized at 121 °C for 15 min before fermentation. Aspergillus niger strain (ATCC 200345) was cultured and inoculated to apple pomace 104 spores/ml. Raw and fermented apple pomace were analyzed for determination of the crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), and acid-detergent lignin (ADL) content. The CP (P<0.001) and ash (P<0.05) contents of apple pomace were increased after solid-state fermentation. However, A. niger decreased (P<0.001) the CF, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, NFE and EE (P<0.05) contents of apple pomace. The ADL content of apple pomace was not affected by solid-state fermentation. The results demonstrated that solid-state fermentation using A. niger can improve the nutritional composition of apple pomace.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Agricultural by-product Nutritional enrichment Malus domestica Aspergillus niger
Kaynakça
- Altop A, Güngör E, Erener G. 2018. Aspergillus niger may improve nutritional quality of grape seed and its usability in animal nutrition through solid-state fermentation. Int Adv Res Eng J, 2(3): 273-277.
- AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (17th Edition). AOAC International, new York, US, pp: 2200.
- Ayhan V, Duru AA, Özkaya S. 2009. Possibilities of using dried apple pomace in broiler chicken diets. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15(5): 669-672.
- Beigh YA, Ganai A, Ahmad H. 2015. Utilisation of apple pomace as livestock feed: A review. Indian J Small Rumin, 21(2): 165-179.
- Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Brar SK, Verma M. 2012. Potential of apple pomace as a solid substrate for fungal cellulase and hemicellulase bioproduction through solid-state fermentation. Ind Crops Prod, 38: 6-13.
- Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G, Coskun I. 2021a. Effect of raw and fermented pomegranate pomace on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and morphology in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr, 75(2): 137-152.
- Güngör E, Altop A, Öztürk E, Erener G. 2017. Nutritional changes of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) kernel subjected to Aspergillus niger solid-state fermentation. J Tekirdağ Agri Fac, The Special Issue of 2 nd International Balkan Agriculture Congress: 99-103.
- Gungor Z, Altop A, Erener G. 2021b. Effect of raw and fermented grape pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and selected bacterial species in broiler chicks. Animals, 11(2): 364.
- Hui L, Wan C, Hai-Tao D, Xue-Jiao C, Qi-Fa Z, Yu-Hua Z. 2010. Direct microbial conversion of wheat straw into lipid by a cellulolytic fungus of Aspergillus oryzae A-4 in solid-state fermentation. Bioresour Technol, 101(19): 7556-7562.
- Papagianni M. 2007. Advances in citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger: biochemical aspects, membrane transport and modeling. Biotechnol Adv, 25(3): 244-263.
- Shojaosadati S, Babaeipour V. 2002. Citric acid production from apple pomace in multi-layer packed bed solid-state bioreactor. Process Biochem, 37(8): 909-914.
- Tosun R, Yaşar S. 2021. Increasing the nutrition qualities of apple and tomato pomace via fungal fermentation. Iğdır Univ J Int Sci, 11(1): 819-830.
- Van Soest Pv, Robertson J, Lewis B. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Xiao Y, Huang Y, Chen Y, Fan Z, Chen R, He C, Li Z, Wang Y. 2021. Effects of solid-state fermentation with Eurotium cristatum YL-1 on the nutritional value, total phenolics, isoflavones, antioxidant activity, and volatile organic compounds of black soybeans. Agronomy, 11(6): 1029.
- Yang Z, Jiang L, Zhang M, Deng Y, Suo W, Zhang H, Wang C, Li H. 2022. Bioconversion of apple pomace into microbial protein feed based on extrusion pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 194(4): 1496-1509.
- Yasar S, Tosun R. 2020. Improving nutritional qualities of tomato pomace by Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation. KSU J Agric Nat, 23(2): 527-535.
- Zhong-Tao S, Lin-Mao T, Cheng L, Jin-Hua D. 2009. Bioconversion of apple pomace into a multienzyme bio-feed by two mixed strains of Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation. Electron J Biotechnol, 12(1): 2-3.
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5, 459 - 462, 01.09.2023
Öz
Kaynakça
- Altop A, Güngör E, Erener G. 2018. Aspergillus niger may improve nutritional quality of grape seed and its usability in animal nutrition through solid-state fermentation. Int Adv Res Eng J, 2(3): 273-277.
- AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (17th Edition). AOAC International, new York, US, pp: 2200.
- Ayhan V, Duru AA, Özkaya S. 2009. Possibilities of using dried apple pomace in broiler chicken diets. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15(5): 669-672.
- Beigh YA, Ganai A, Ahmad H. 2015. Utilisation of apple pomace as livestock feed: A review. Indian J Small Rumin, 21(2): 165-179.
- Dhillon GS, Kaur S, Brar SK, Verma M. 2012. Potential of apple pomace as a solid substrate for fungal cellulase and hemicellulase bioproduction through solid-state fermentation. Ind Crops Prod, 38: 6-13.
- Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G, Coskun I. 2021a. Effect of raw and fermented pomegranate pomace on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and morphology in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr, 75(2): 137-152.
- Güngör E, Altop A, Öztürk E, Erener G. 2017. Nutritional changes of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) kernel subjected to Aspergillus niger solid-state fermentation. J Tekirdağ Agri Fac, The Special Issue of 2 nd International Balkan Agriculture Congress: 99-103.
- Gungor Z, Altop A, Erener G. 2021b. Effect of raw and fermented grape pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and selected bacterial species in broiler chicks. Animals, 11(2): 364.
- Hui L, Wan C, Hai-Tao D, Xue-Jiao C, Qi-Fa Z, Yu-Hua Z. 2010. Direct microbial conversion of wheat straw into lipid by a cellulolytic fungus of Aspergillus oryzae A-4 in solid-state fermentation. Bioresour Technol, 101(19): 7556-7562.
- Papagianni M. 2007. Advances in citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger: biochemical aspects, membrane transport and modeling. Biotechnol Adv, 25(3): 244-263.
- Shojaosadati S, Babaeipour V. 2002. Citric acid production from apple pomace in multi-layer packed bed solid-state bioreactor. Process Biochem, 37(8): 909-914.
- Tosun R, Yaşar S. 2021. Increasing the nutrition qualities of apple and tomato pomace via fungal fermentation. Iğdır Univ J Int Sci, 11(1): 819-830.
- Van Soest Pv, Robertson J, Lewis B. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74(10): 3583-3597.
- Xiao Y, Huang Y, Chen Y, Fan Z, Chen R, He C, Li Z, Wang Y. 2021. Effects of solid-state fermentation with Eurotium cristatum YL-1 on the nutritional value, total phenolics, isoflavones, antioxidant activity, and volatile organic compounds of black soybeans. Agronomy, 11(6): 1029.
- Yang Z, Jiang L, Zhang M, Deng Y, Suo W, Zhang H, Wang C, Li H. 2022. Bioconversion of apple pomace into microbial protein feed based on extrusion pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 194(4): 1496-1509.
- Yasar S, Tosun R. 2020. Improving nutritional qualities of tomato pomace by Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium fermentation. KSU J Agric Nat, 23(2): 527-535.
- Zhong-Tao S, Lin-Mao T, Cheng L, Jin-Hua D. 2009. Bioconversion of apple pomace into a multienzyme bio-feed by two mixed strains of Aspergillus niger in solid state fermentation. Electron J Biotechnol, 12(1): 2-3.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hayvansal Üretim (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Eylül 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 24 Mayıs 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 17 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 5 |
