Öz
Bu araştırmada Ladik ve Simenlik Gölleri’nde yayılış gösteren turna balığının yaş tayininde farklı otolit yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Turna balığı örnekleri (Esox lucius L., 1758) Şubat 2017-2018 tarihleri arasında örneklenmiştir. Balıkların total boy ve ağırlık değerleri kaydedilmiş, sagittal otolitleri çıkarılarak transversal düzlemde otolit kesitleri elde edilmiştir. Gerekli işlemlerden geçirilen bütün ve kesit otolitler yaş belirleme için uygun hale getirilmiş ve bir okuyucu tarafından farklı zaman dilimlerinde üç tekrarlı olarak okunmuştur. Güvenilir yaş tayini metodunun belirlenmesi için ortalama yaş (OY), yüzde uyum (YU), ortalama yüzde hata (OYH) ve değişim katsayısı (DK) her iki yöntem için de ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Ladik Gölü ve Simenlik Gölü E.lucius bireylerinin total boyları sırasıyla 33.0 cm-74.0 cm, 28.5 cm- 58.1 cm arasında dağılım göstermiştir. Ağırlıkları ise Ladik Gölü ve Simenlik Gölü’nde sırasıyla 256.52 g ile 2747.22 g, 158.06 g-1513.64 g arasında değişim göstermiştir. Yaş dağılımları incelendiğinde Ladik Gölü bireylerinin yaşları bütün otolitte 2-7, kesit otolitte 3-7; Simenlik Gölü bireylerinin yaşları bütün ve kesit otolitlerde 2-6 arasındadır. Ladik Gölü turna balığı örneklemi için; yüzde uyumun (% 81.40) en yüksek, ortalama yüzde hata (2.363) ve değişim katsayısının (3.070) en düşük olduğu veriler, kesit otolitlerden elde edilmiştir. Simenlik Gölü’nde de yüzde uyumun (% 86.89) en yüksek, ortalama yüzde hata (1.639) ve değişim katsayısının (2.129) en düşük olduğu yapı kesit otolitlerdir. İki farklı habitat ve iki farklı yaş okuma metodu ele alındığında, türün yaşının belirlenmesinde kesit otolit yönteminin yüzeysel okuma yöntemine göre daha güvenilir yaş tayini yöntemi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
Proje Numarası
PYO.FEN.1901.17.003
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi tarafından PYO.FEN.1901.17.003 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Campana, S. E., Accuracy, precision and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods, Journal of Fish Biology, 59, 2, 197-242, (2001).
- de Pontual, H., Panfili, J., Wright, P.J., Troadec, H., Manual of fish sclerochronology in Panfili, J., de Potual, H., Troadec, H., Wright, P.J., General introduction, Ifremer-IRD coedition, Brest, 19-22, (2002).
- Beamish, R.J. ve McFarlane, G. A., The forgotten requirement for age validation in fisheries biology, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112, 735-743, (1983).
- Marriott, R.J. ve Mapstone, B.D., Consequences of inappropriate criteria for accepting age estimates from otoliths, with a case study for a long-lived tropical reef fish, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63, 2259-2274, (2006).
- Gümüş A. ve Polat N., Yaş tayini hesaplamalarında hata kaynakları, X. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, 22-24, Adana, (1999).
- Braaten, P.J., Doeringsfeld, M.R. ve Guy, C.S., Comparison of age and growth estimates for river carpsuckers using scales and dorsal fin ray sections, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 19, 786-792, (1999).
- Khan, S., Khan, M.A. ve Miyan, K., Comparison of age estimates from otoliths, vertebrae, and pectoral spines in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), Estonian Journal of Ecology, 60, 3, (2011).
- Kanwal, B. ve Pathani, S., Age-growth, length-weight and condition factor of a hill stream fish, Gara lamta (Hamilton Buchanan) of Kumaun Himalaya, Natural Science, 9, 199-206, (2011).
- Steward, C.A., DeMaria, K.D. ve Shenker, J.M., Using otolith morphometrics to quickly and inexpensively predict age in the gray angelfish (Pomacanthus arcuatus), Fisheries Research, 99, 123-129, (2009).
- McCurdy, W.J., Panfili, J., Meunier, F., Geffen, A.J. ve de Pontual, H., Manual of fish sclerochronology in Panfili, J., de Potual, H., Troadec, H., Wright, P.J., Preparation of calcified structures, Ifremer-IRD coedition, Brest, 331–355, (2002).
- Gebremedhin, S., Bekaert, K., Getahun, A., Bruneel, S., Anteneh, W., Torreele, E. ve Goethals, P., Comparison of otolith readability and reproducibility of counts of translucent zones using different otolith preparation methods for four endemic Labeobarbus species in Lake Tana, Ethiopia, Water, 11, 1336, (2019).
- Sakaris, P. C. ve Bonvechio, T. F., Comparison of two otolith processing methods for estimating age of three catfish species, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 41, 428-439, (2021).
- McFarlane, G.A. ve Beamish, R.J., An examination of age determination structures of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from five stocks in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, International North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin, 50, 37-56, (1990).
- Chugunova, L. P., Age and growth studies in fish, 132, National Science Foundation, Washington, (1963).
- Bedford, B.C., A method for preparing sections of large numbers of otoliths embedded in black polyester resin, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 41, 1, 4-12, (1983).
- Oele, D.L., Lawson, Z.J. ve McIntyre, P.B., Precision and bias in aging Northern Pike: comparisons among four calcified structures, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 35, 6, 1177-1184, (2015).
- Blackwell, B.G., Kaufman, T.M. ve Moos, T. S., An assessment of calcified structures for estimating northern pike ages, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 36, 4, 964-974, (2016).
- Mbawala, N.G.P., Northern pike Esox lucius growth rates in sub populations of freshwater and sea water origins in the Baltic Sea: Otolith method approach, Master’s Thesis, Linnaeus University, Växjö, İsveç, (2016).
- Faust, M.D., Breeggemann, J.J., Bahr, S. ve Graeb, B.D., Precision and bias of cleithra and sagittal otoliths used to estimate ages of Northern Pike, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 4, 2, 332-341, (2013).
- Baker, T.T. ve Timmons, L.S., Precision of ages estimated from five bony structures of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Wood River System, Alaska, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48, 6, 1007-1014, (1991).
- Beamish, R.J. ve Fournier, D.A., A method for comparing the precision of a set of age determinations, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38, 8, 982-983, (1981).
- Chang, W.Y., A statistical method for evaluating the reproducibility of age determination, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39, 8, 1208-1210, (1982).
- Lorenzoni, M., Corboli, M., DoÈrr, A.M., Mearelli, M. ve Giovinazzo, G., The growth of pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1798) in Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy), Fisheries Research, 59, 1-2, 239-246, (2002).
- Rypel, A.L., Meta‐analysis of growth rates for a circumpolar fish, the Northern Pike (Esox lucius), with emphasis on effects of continent, climate and latitude, Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 21, 4, 521-532, (2012).
- Yazıcıoğlu, O., Polat, N. ve Yılmaz, S. Evaluation of Different Bony Structures to Age Determination of Pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) Inhabiting Lake Ladik (Samsun). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 2, 3, 165-171, (2016).
- Yılmaz, M., Gül, A., Saylar, Ö. ve Gül, G., Asartepe Baraj Gölü (Ankara) Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 populasyonunun boy-ağırlık ilişkisi ve kondisyon değeri, Research Journal of Biology Sciences, 10, 1, 01-05, (2017).
- DeVries D.R., Frie R.V., Murphy, B. R., ve Willis, D. W., Fisheries techniques, Determination of age and growth: American Fisheries Society, 483-512, Methesda, Maryland, (1996).
- Frost, W. E. ve Kipling, C., The determination of the age and growth of pike (Esox lucius L.) from scales and opercular bones, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 24, 2, 314-341, (1959).
- Mann, R.H.K. ve Beaumont, W.R.C., Fast‐and slow‐growing pike, Esox lucius L., and problems of age‐determinations from scales, Aquaculture Research, 21, 4, 471-478, (1990).
- Kipling, C., Changes in the growth of pike (Esox lucius) in Windermere, The Journal of Animal Ecology, 55, 2, 647-657, (1983).
- Flinders, J.M. ve Bonar, S.A., Growth, condition, diet, and consumption rates of northern pike in three Arizona reservoirs, Lake and Reservoir Management, 24, 2, 99-111, (2008).
- Sharma, C. M. ve Borgstrøm, R., Age determination and backcalculation of pike length through use of the metapterygoid bone, Journal of Fish Biology, 70, 5, 1636-1641, (2007).
- Sandlund, O.T., Museth, J. ve Øistad, S., Migration, growth patterns, and diet of pike (Esox lucius) in a river reservoir and its inflowing river, Fisheries Research, 173, 1, 53-60, (2016).
- Wang, N. ve Eckmann, R., Effects of photoperiod, feeding regime and water temperature on the formation of daily growth increments in otoliths of larval pike (Esox lucius L.), Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 8, 1‐4, 246-250, (1992).
- Rydell, J.J., Jolley, J. C., Phelps, Q. E. ve Willis, D.W., Northern pike (Esox lucius) population characteristics and relations to recruitment in Hackberry Lake, Nebraska, Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 31, 43-49. (2008).
- Chilton, D.E. ve Beamish, R.J., Age determination methods for fishes studied by the groundfish program at the Pacific Biological Station, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, 102, (1982).
Comparison of whole and section otolith methods for age determination of northern pike (Esox lucius)
Öz
In this study, it was aimed to compare different otolith methods for age determination of northern pike inhabiting Ladik and Simenlik Lakes. The northern pike specimens (Esox lucius L., 1758) were sampled between February 2017-2018. Total length and weight values of fish were recorded, sagittal otoliths were removed and otolith sections were obtained in the transversal plane. The whole and section otoliths, which underwent the necessary procedures, were made suitable for age determination and were read by a reader in three repetitions in different time periods. In order to determine the reliable age determination method, mean age (MA), percent agreement (PA), mean percent error (APE) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated separately for both methods. The total lengths of Lake Ladik and Lake Simenlik E.lucius individuals ranged from 33,0 cm to 74,0 cm, and 28,5 cm to 58,1 cm, respectively. Their weights varied between 256,52 g and 2747,22 g, and 158,06 g-1513,64 g, respectively, in Lake Ladik and Lake Simenlik. When the age distributions are examined, the ages of Lake Ladik individuals were 2-7 in the whole otolith and 3-7 in the section otolith; the ages of Lake Simenlik individuals were between 2-6 in whole and section otoliths. For Lake Ladik northern pike sampling; the data with the highest percent agreement (81,40), lowest average percent error (2,363) and the coefficient of variation (3,070) were obtained from section otoliths. In Lake Simenlik, on the other hand, the structure with the highest percent agreement (86,89%), lowest average percent error (1,639) and coefficient of variation (2,129) is the section otoliths. Considering two different habitats and two different age reading methods, it was determined that the section otolith method is a more reliable age determination method than the whole reading method in determining the age of the species.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Esox lucius otolith age determination sectioned whole reading
Proje Numarası
PYO.FEN.1901.17.003
Kaynakça
- Campana, S. E., Accuracy, precision and quality control in age determination, including a review of the use and abuse of age validation methods, Journal of Fish Biology, 59, 2, 197-242, (2001).
- de Pontual, H., Panfili, J., Wright, P.J., Troadec, H., Manual of fish sclerochronology in Panfili, J., de Potual, H., Troadec, H., Wright, P.J., General introduction, Ifremer-IRD coedition, Brest, 19-22, (2002).
- Beamish, R.J. ve McFarlane, G. A., The forgotten requirement for age validation in fisheries biology, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112, 735-743, (1983).
- Marriott, R.J. ve Mapstone, B.D., Consequences of inappropriate criteria for accepting age estimates from otoliths, with a case study for a long-lived tropical reef fish, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63, 2259-2274, (2006).
- Gümüş A. ve Polat N., Yaş tayini hesaplamalarında hata kaynakları, X. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, 22-24, Adana, (1999).
- Braaten, P.J., Doeringsfeld, M.R. ve Guy, C.S., Comparison of age and growth estimates for river carpsuckers using scales and dorsal fin ray sections, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 19, 786-792, (1999).
- Khan, S., Khan, M.A. ve Miyan, K., Comparison of age estimates from otoliths, vertebrae, and pectoral spines in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), Estonian Journal of Ecology, 60, 3, (2011).
- Kanwal, B. ve Pathani, S., Age-growth, length-weight and condition factor of a hill stream fish, Gara lamta (Hamilton Buchanan) of Kumaun Himalaya, Natural Science, 9, 199-206, (2011).
- Steward, C.A., DeMaria, K.D. ve Shenker, J.M., Using otolith morphometrics to quickly and inexpensively predict age in the gray angelfish (Pomacanthus arcuatus), Fisheries Research, 99, 123-129, (2009).
- McCurdy, W.J., Panfili, J., Meunier, F., Geffen, A.J. ve de Pontual, H., Manual of fish sclerochronology in Panfili, J., de Potual, H., Troadec, H., Wright, P.J., Preparation of calcified structures, Ifremer-IRD coedition, Brest, 331–355, (2002).
- Gebremedhin, S., Bekaert, K., Getahun, A., Bruneel, S., Anteneh, W., Torreele, E. ve Goethals, P., Comparison of otolith readability and reproducibility of counts of translucent zones using different otolith preparation methods for four endemic Labeobarbus species in Lake Tana, Ethiopia, Water, 11, 1336, (2019).
- Sakaris, P. C. ve Bonvechio, T. F., Comparison of two otolith processing methods for estimating age of three catfish species, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 41, 428-439, (2021).
- McFarlane, G.A. ve Beamish, R.J., An examination of age determination structures of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from five stocks in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, International North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin, 50, 37-56, (1990).
- Chugunova, L. P., Age and growth studies in fish, 132, National Science Foundation, Washington, (1963).
- Bedford, B.C., A method for preparing sections of large numbers of otoliths embedded in black polyester resin, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 41, 1, 4-12, (1983).
- Oele, D.L., Lawson, Z.J. ve McIntyre, P.B., Precision and bias in aging Northern Pike: comparisons among four calcified structures, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 35, 6, 1177-1184, (2015).
- Blackwell, B.G., Kaufman, T.M. ve Moos, T. S., An assessment of calcified structures for estimating northern pike ages, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 36, 4, 964-974, (2016).
- Mbawala, N.G.P., Northern pike Esox lucius growth rates in sub populations of freshwater and sea water origins in the Baltic Sea: Otolith method approach, Master’s Thesis, Linnaeus University, Växjö, İsveç, (2016).
- Faust, M.D., Breeggemann, J.J., Bahr, S. ve Graeb, B.D., Precision and bias of cleithra and sagittal otoliths used to estimate ages of Northern Pike, Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 4, 2, 332-341, (2013).
- Baker, T.T. ve Timmons, L.S., Precision of ages estimated from five bony structures of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Wood River System, Alaska, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48, 6, 1007-1014, (1991).
- Beamish, R.J. ve Fournier, D.A., A method for comparing the precision of a set of age determinations, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38, 8, 982-983, (1981).
- Chang, W.Y., A statistical method for evaluating the reproducibility of age determination, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39, 8, 1208-1210, (1982).
- Lorenzoni, M., Corboli, M., DoÈrr, A.M., Mearelli, M. ve Giovinazzo, G., The growth of pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1798) in Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy), Fisheries Research, 59, 1-2, 239-246, (2002).
- Rypel, A.L., Meta‐analysis of growth rates for a circumpolar fish, the Northern Pike (Esox lucius), with emphasis on effects of continent, climate and latitude, Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 21, 4, 521-532, (2012).
- Yazıcıoğlu, O., Polat, N. ve Yılmaz, S. Evaluation of Different Bony Structures to Age Determination of Pike (Esox lucius L., 1758) Inhabiting Lake Ladik (Samsun). Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 2, 3, 165-171, (2016).
- Yılmaz, M., Gül, A., Saylar, Ö. ve Gül, G., Asartepe Baraj Gölü (Ankara) Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 populasyonunun boy-ağırlık ilişkisi ve kondisyon değeri, Research Journal of Biology Sciences, 10, 1, 01-05, (2017).
- DeVries D.R., Frie R.V., Murphy, B. R., ve Willis, D. W., Fisheries techniques, Determination of age and growth: American Fisheries Society, 483-512, Methesda, Maryland, (1996).
- Frost, W. E. ve Kipling, C., The determination of the age and growth of pike (Esox lucius L.) from scales and opercular bones, ICES Journal of Marine Science, 24, 2, 314-341, (1959).
- Mann, R.H.K. ve Beaumont, W.R.C., Fast‐and slow‐growing pike, Esox lucius L., and problems of age‐determinations from scales, Aquaculture Research, 21, 4, 471-478, (1990).
- Kipling, C., Changes in the growth of pike (Esox lucius) in Windermere, The Journal of Animal Ecology, 55, 2, 647-657, (1983).
- Flinders, J.M. ve Bonar, S.A., Growth, condition, diet, and consumption rates of northern pike in three Arizona reservoirs, Lake and Reservoir Management, 24, 2, 99-111, (2008).
- Sharma, C. M. ve Borgstrøm, R., Age determination and backcalculation of pike length through use of the metapterygoid bone, Journal of Fish Biology, 70, 5, 1636-1641, (2007).
- Sandlund, O.T., Museth, J. ve Øistad, S., Migration, growth patterns, and diet of pike (Esox lucius) in a river reservoir and its inflowing river, Fisheries Research, 173, 1, 53-60, (2016).
- Wang, N. ve Eckmann, R., Effects of photoperiod, feeding regime and water temperature on the formation of daily growth increments in otoliths of larval pike (Esox lucius L.), Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 8, 1‐4, 246-250, (1992).
- Rydell, J.J., Jolley, J. C., Phelps, Q. E. ve Willis, D.W., Northern pike (Esox lucius) population characteristics and relations to recruitment in Hackberry Lake, Nebraska, Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 31, 43-49. (2008).
- Chilton, D.E. ve Beamish, R.J., Age determination methods for fishes studied by the groundfish program at the Pacific Biological Station, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, 102, (1982).
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | PYO.FEN.1901.17.003 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 8 Temmuz 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 14 Şubat 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2 |