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Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 337 - 350, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.872945

Öz

Metil siloksanlar (MS’lar) kişisel bakım ve temizlik ürünlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Ürünlerin büyük oranda kapalı alanlarda kullanılması, iç ortamda bu bileşiklerin tespit edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Kapalı yüzme havuzlarında yapılan antrenmanlar sırasında çocuklar, gençler ve yetişkinlerin normalden farklı olan solunum fonksiyonları nedeniyle, iç ortamda maruz kalacakları kirleticiler ve bu kirleticilerin miktarları daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Çalışmada yarı olimpik yüzme havuzunun bulunduğu kapalı alanda 4 halkalı (H) (D3, D4, D5, D6) ve 3 doğrusal (D) (L3, L4, L5) metil siloksan bileşiğinin havuz suyunda ve iç ortam havasında seviyeleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca inhalasyon yoluyla siloksanlara maruz kalma dozları, iç ortam havasındaki konsantrasyonlara dayalı olarak çocuklar, gençler ve yetişkinler için belirlenmiştir. Havuz suyu DMS konsantrasyonları 0,58 - 7,58 ng/L, HMS konsantrasyonu 18,7 - 163,8 ng/L arasındadır. Havuz suyunda D5 (16,06 ± 5,32 ng/L) ve D6 (17,96 ± 26,19 ng/L) en baskın HMS bileşikleridir. Yüzme havuzunun bulunduğu iç ortamda tespit edilen DMS bileşiklerinin toplam konsantrasyonu 0,22 ile 0,67 ng/m3, HMS bileşiklerinin toplam konsantrasyonları 13,17 ile 130,75 ng/m3 arasında değişmiştir. İç ortam örneklerinde sırasıyla D5 (32,59 ± 26,28 ng/m3) ve D3 (18,78 ± 19,08 ng/m3) en baskın metil siloksan bileşiklerdir. İncelenen metil siloksan bileşiklerinin hava ve su arasındaki taşınım mekanizması siloksan bileşiklerinin havuz suyundan iç ortam havasına doğru bir taşınım yönüne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Yarı olimpik yüzme havuzu iç ortam havasını soluma yoluyla D5’e günlük maruz kalma dozu çocuklar, gençler ve yetişkinler için sırasıyla 1,30 - 0,68 ve 0,67 ng/kg-vücut ağırlığı/gün’dür.

Teşekkür

Hasan Altıok, Barış Yaman ve Ersan Günel’e (Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi) saha ve laboratuvar çalışmaları sırasında verdikleri destek için teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

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  • Benjamin, M., King Nathan, J., Bryngelson, N., Adamcakova-Dodd, A., Lersch, T., Bunker, K., Casuccio, G., Thorne, P., Stanier, C., Fiegel, J., 2020. Lung cell exposure to secondary photochemical aerosols generated from OH oxidation of cyclic siloxanes. Chemosphere, 241, 125126.
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Determination of Linear and Cyclic Methyl Siloxane Concentrations in Pool Water and Pool Indoor Air, Methyl Siloxane Exposure of Swimmers

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2, 337 - 350, 30.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.872945

Öz

Methyl siloxanes (MSs) are used in personal care and cleaning products. The use of the products in indoor causes the presence of compounds in the indoor air. Due to the different inhalation functions of children, adolescents and adults during the exercises in indoor swimming pools, the pollutants to be exposed in the indoor environment and the concentration of these pollutants become more important. In the study, the levels of 4 cyclic (C) (D3, D4, D5, D6) and 3 linear (L) (L3, L4, L5) MS compound in the pool water and indoor air were determined in the semi-olympic swimming pool. In addition, exposure doses to siloxanes by inhalation have been determined for children, adolescents and adults based on concentrations in indoor air. Pool water LMS concentrations ranged from 0.58 - 7.58 ng/L, CMS concentration between 18.7-163.8 ng/L. In pool water D5 (16.06 ± 5.32 ng/L) and D6 (17.96 ± 26.19 ng/L) are the most dominant CMS compounds. The total concentration of LMS compounds detected in the indoor air of the swimming pool ranged from 0.22 to 0.67 ng/m3, and the total concentrations of CMS compounds ranged from 13.17 to 130.75 ng/m3. In indoor, D5 (32.59 ± 26.28 ng/m3) and D3 (18.78 ± 19.08 ng/m3) are the most dominant MS, respectively. The transport mechanism of the MS compounds showed that the siloxane compounds have moved from the pool water to the indoor air. The daily exposure dose of people to D5 by inhalation swimming pool indoor air is 1.30- 0.68 and 0.67 ng/kg-body weight/day for children, adolescents and adults.

Kaynakça

  • Baloch, R.M., Maesano, C.N., Christoffersen, J., banerjee, S., Gabriel, M., Csobod, E., de Oliveira Fernandes, E., Annesi-Maesano, I., 2020. Indoor air pollution, physical and comfort parameters related toschoolchildren's health: Data from the EuropeanSINPHONIE study. Science of The Total Environment, 739, 139870.
  • Benjamin, M., King Nathan, J., Bryngelson, N., Adamcakova-Dodd, A., Lersch, T., Bunker, K., Casuccio, G., Thorne, P., Stanier, C., Fiegel, J., 2020. Lung cell exposure to secondary photochemical aerosols generated from OH oxidation of cyclic siloxanes. Chemosphere, 241, 125126.
  • Brooke, D.N., Crookes, M.J., Gray, D., Robertson, S., 2009a. Environmental Risk Assessment Report: Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Environment Agency of England and Wales, Bristol.
  • Brooke, D.N., Crookes, M.J., Gray, D., Robertson, S., 2009b. Environmental Risk Assessment Report: Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane Environment Agency of England and Wales, Bristol.
  • Brooke, D.N., Crookes, M.J., Gray, D., Robertson, S., 2009c. Environmental Risk Assessment Report: Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Environment Agency of England and Wales, Bristol.
  • Bruinen de Bruin, Y., Koistinen, K., Kephalopoulos, S., Geiss, O., Tirendi, S., Kotzias, D., 2008. Characterisation of urban inhalation exposures to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the European Union: comparison of measured and modelled exposure data. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15, 417-430.
  • Capela, D., Alves, A., Homem, V., Santos, L., 2016. From the shop to the drain - volatile methylsiloxanes in cosmetics and personal care products. Environment International, 92-93, 50-62.
  • Companioni-Damas, E.Y., Santos, F.J., Galceran, M.T., 2014. Linear and cyclic methylsiloxanes in air by concurrent solvent recondensation-large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta, 118, 245-252.
  • Dewil, R., Appels, L., Baeyens, J., Buczynska, A., Vaeck, L., 2007. The analysis of volatile siloxanes in waste activated sludge. Talanta, 74, 14-19.
  • Dumanoglu, Y., Yaman, B., Odabasi, M., 2018. Seasonal variations of cyclic and linear volatile methylsiloxanes in an urban atmosphere. 38th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) & 10th International PCB Workshop-DIOXIN 2018 (Krakow, Poland).
  • Dudzina, T., von Goetz, N., Bogdal, C., Biesterbos, J.W.H., Hungerbuhler, K., 2014. Concentrations of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in European cosmetics and personal care products: Prerequisite for human and environmental exposure assessment. Environment International, 62, 86-94.
  • ECHA, 2019. ECHA REACH Annex XV restriction report. Octamehylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6). https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/039f5415-d7a2-b279-d270-0d07e18f6392 (01.10.2020)
  • Environment Canada, 2008a. Environment Canada Screening Assessment for the Challenge Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane. Chemical abstracts service registry number 541-02-6.
  • Environment Canada, 2008b. Environment Canada Screening Assessment for the Challenge Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane. Chemical abstracts service registry number 540-97-6.
  • Environment Canada, 2008c. Environment Canada Screening Assessment for the Challenge Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Chemical abstracts service registry number 556-67-2.
  • European Parliament, 2018. Vapour pressures of poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/35/oj (01.10.2020)
  • Genualdi, S., Harner, T., Cheng, Y., Macleod, M., Hansen, K.M., van Egmond, R., Shoeib, M., Lee, S.C., 2011. Global distribution of linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in air. Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 3349-3354.
  • Gökhan, İ., 2010. 8 Hatalık Yüzme Eğitim Programının Genç Sedanter Erkeklerde Solunum, Dolaşım, Kapiller Oksijen Saturasyonu ve Bazı Metabolik Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ, 101.
  • Gökhan, İ., Kürkçü, R., Devecioğlu, S., Aysan, H.A., 2011. Yüzme Egzersizinin Solunum Fonksiyonlarına, Kan Basıncına ve Vücut Kompozisyonu Üzerine Etkisi. Klinik ve Deneysel Araştırma Dergisi, 2, 35-41.
  • Guo, J., Zhou, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., 2019. Distribution and evaluation of the fate of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the largest lake of southwest China. Science of The Total Environment, 657, 87-95.
  • Guo, J., Zhou, Y., Sun, M., Cui, J., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., 2020. Methylsiloxanes in plasma from potentially exposed populations and an assessment of the associated inhalation exposure risk. Environment International, 143, 105931.
  • Hanedar, A., Alp, K., Kaynak, B., Baek, J., Avsar, E., Odman, M.T., 2011. Concentrations and sources of PAHs at three stations in Istanbul, Turkey. Atmospheric Research, 99, 391-399.
  • Hanedar, A., Alp, K., Kaynak, B., Avsar, E., 2014. Toxicity evaluation and source apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at three stations in Istanbul, Turkey. Science of The Total Environment, 488-489, 437-446.
  • Hobson, J.F., Atkinson, R., Carter, W.P.L., 1997. Organosilicon materials. The handbook of environmental chemistry. Grish Chandra (editör), Springer-Verlag, New York, 137–179.
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  • Pieri, F., Katsoyiannis, A., Martellini, T., Hughes, D., Jones, K.C., Cincinelli, A., 2013. Occurrence of linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in indoor air samples (UK and Italy) and their isotopic characterization. Environment International, 59, 363-371.
  • Reddy, M.B., Dobrev, I.D., McNett, D.A., Tobin, J.M., Utell, M.J., Morrow, P.E., Domoradzki, J.Y., Plotzke, K.P., Andersen, M.E., 2008. Inhalation dosimetry modeling with decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in rats and humans. Toxicological Sciences, 105, 275-285.
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  • Sarigiannis, D.A., Karakitsios, S.P., Gotti, A., Liakos, I.L., Katsoyiannis, A., 2011. Exposure to major volatile organic compounds and carbonyls in European indoor environments and associated health risk. Environment International, 37, 743-765.
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Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ebrar Gür 0000-0002-0306-1402

Yetkin Dumanoğlu 0000-0003-3381-4425

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gür, E., & Dumanoğlu, Y. (2021). Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.872945
AMA Gür E, Dumanoğlu Y. Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. Nisan 2021;21(2):337-350. doi:10.35414/akufemubid.872945
Chicago Gür, Ebrar, ve Yetkin Dumanoğlu. “Havuz Suyu Ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal Ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21, sy. 2 (Nisan 2021): 337-50. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.872945.
EndNote Gür E, Dumanoğlu Y (01 Nisan 2021) Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21 2 337–350.
IEEE E. Gür ve Y. Dumanoğlu, “Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 2, ss. 337–350, 2021, doi: 10.35414/akufemubid.872945.
ISNAD Gür, Ebrar - Dumanoğlu, Yetkin. “Havuz Suyu Ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal Ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21/2 (Nisan 2021), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.872945.
JAMA Gür E, Dumanoğlu Y. Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;21:337–350.
MLA Gür, Ebrar ve Yetkin Dumanoğlu. “Havuz Suyu Ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal Ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 337-50, doi:10.35414/akufemubid.872945.
Vancouver Gür E, Dumanoğlu Y. Havuz Suyu ve Havuz İç Ortamında Doğrusal ve Halkalı Metil Siloksan Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi, Yüzücülerin Metil Siloksan Maruziyeti. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;21(2):337-50.