Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Plant Based Diets in Climate Supported Nutrition and Effects on Health

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 4, 35 - 54, 30.09.2022

Öz

The global climate crisis, which is affected more deeply every day, has become a major problem worldwide by affecting ecosystems and human life with its results. While the most concrete beginning of the climate crisis is seen as the industrial revolution, the mechanization accompanying the population increase contributes to this problem exponentially. The food system has one of the biggest shares in the climate crisis, which is an intersectoral problem. The food system, which has negative environmental effects, is one of the most important sectors in the world, especially in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, water requirement and land use. The food chains that support diets are linked to environmental issues. While providing an adequate and balanced diet to the growing world population, it is a mandatory requirement to consider the environmental damage of diets in order not to exceed the load capacity of the environment. Developments in diet and consumption, for example, the preference of animal foods such as meat, eggs and milk over vegetable-based diets increases carbon emissions many times over. If protein intake is met from legumes and grains instead of the livestock sector, which causes methane gas emissions as a result of its production and processing, it creates an average of 5 billion tons of difference in greenhouse gas emissions. Alternative plant-based diet patterns were created by evaluating food consumption and sustainability. Plant-based dietary patterns are bioactive ingredient that optimizes the body and has been associated with positive health effects due to its macro and micronutrient content. Previous studies have shown that plant-based diets are an effective form of drug-free treatment for health problems such as glycemic control, blood lipid level control, diabetes, hypertension, some types of cancer, Crohn's disease and heart disease. In this review study, the positive effects of plant-based diets on environmental health as well as human health were examined by considering the relationship between human footprint and dietary choices.

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, A. A. (2019). Yaşamsal Bilinmezlik: İklim Krizi ve Gıda. Toplum ve Hekim, 34(5), 348-355.
  • Avanoz, Z. (2020). Türkiye’de tarımsal üretimin su ayak izinin hesaplanması (Yüksek lisans tezi). Batman Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Batman.
  • Ayyıldız, F. ve Yıldıran, H. (2019). Farklı diyet modellerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etkisi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(2), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1161
  • Bakaloudi, D. R., Halloran, A., Rippin, H. L., Oikonomidou, A. C., Dardavesis, T. I., Williams, J., Wickramasinghe, K., Breda, J. ve Chourdakis, M. (2021). Intake and adequacy of the vegan diet. A systematic review of the evidence. Clinical Nutrition, 40(5), 3503–3521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.035
  • Birkan, İ. (2013). Küresel Isınma ve Karbon Ayak İzimiz.
  • Burlingame, B. ve Dernini, S. (2012). Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity. Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium (s. 1-309). FAO: Rome.
  • Carrero, J. J., González-Ortiz, A., Avesani, C. M., Bakker, S. J. L., Bellizzi, V., Chauveau, P., Clase, C. M., Cupisti, A., Espinosa-Cuevas, A., Molina, P., Moreau, K., Piccoli, G. B., Post, A., Sezer, S. ve Fouque, D. (2020). Plant-based diets to manage the risks and complications of chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16, 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0297-2
  • Castro-Barquero, S., Ruiz-León, A. M., Sierra-Pérez, M., Estruch, R. ve Casas, R. (2020). Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 12(10), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102983
  • Chen, C., Chaudhary, A. ve Mathys, A. (2019). Dietary Change Scenarios and Implications for Environmental, Nutrition, Human Health and Economic Dimensions of Food Sustainability. Nutrients, 11(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040856
  • Choudhury, D., Singh, S., Seah, J. S. H., Yeo, D. C. L. ve Tan, L. P. (2020). Commercialization of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives. Trends in Plant Science, 25(11), 1055-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.08.006
  • Collard, K. M. ve McCormick, D. P. (2021). A Nutritional Comparison of Cow's Milk and Alternative Milk Products. Academic Pediatrics, 21(6), 1067-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.12.007
  • Craig, W. J. (2010). Nutrition concerns and health effects of vegetarian diets. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 25(6), 613-620. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533610385707
  • Efe, R., Soykan, A., Cürebal, İ. ve Sönmez, S. (2008). Türkiye’de doğal ortam bozulmasına antroposen açısından bakış. Tücaum V. Ulusal Coğrafya Sempozyumu (16-17 Ekim 2008) Bildiriler Kitabı, 317-328.
  • Eminler, A. T., Toka, B. ve Uslan, M. İ. (2017). İnflamatuar Barsak Hastalığı ve Barsak Mikrobiyotası. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1, 81-85.
  • Erden Özsoy, C. ve Dinç, A. (2016). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (619), 35-55.
  • Esteve-Llorens, X., Darriba, C., Moreira, M. T., Feijoo, G. ve González-García, S. (2019). Towards an environmentally sustainable and healthy Atlantic dietary pattern: Life cycle carbon footprint and nutritional quality. Science of The Total Environment, 646, 704-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.264
  • FAO ve WHO. (2019). Sustainable healthy diets - Guiding principles. (s. 1-44). Rome: FAO and WHO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca6640en
  • Gluba-Brzózka, A., Franczyk, B. ve Rysz, J. (2017). Vegetarian Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease-A Friend or Foe. Nutrients, 9(4), 374-388. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040374
  • González-García, S., Esteve-Llorens, X., Moreira, M. T. ve Feijoo, G. (2018). Carbon footprint and nutritional quality of different human dietary choices. Science of The Total Environment, 644, 77-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.339
  • Grant, J. D. (2017). Time for change: Benefits of a plant-based diet. Canadian Family Physician, 63, 744-746.
  • Harris, F., Moss, C., Joy, E. J. M., Quinn, R., Scheelbeek, P. F. D., Dangour, A. D. ve Green, R. (2020). The Water Footprint of Diets: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Advances in Nutrition, 11(2), 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz091
  • Hauner, H. (2015). Für wen sinnvoll, für wen gefährlich? MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 157(10), 41-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15006-015-3134-y
  • Hemler, E. ve Hu, F. (2019). Plant-Based Diets for Personal, Population and Planetary Health. Advances in Nutrition, 10(Supplement_4), S275–S283. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy117
  • Hermann, M. (2021). Plant-Based Milks. Today’s Dietitian, 23(5), 26.
  • İdiz, C. (2019). Diyabetli Bireylere Hangi Beslenme Modeli Önerilmeli? Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(Özel sayı), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1314
  • Jayachandran, M. ve Xu, B. (2019). An insight into the health benefits of fermented soy products. Food Chemistry, 271, 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.158
  • Kahleova, H., Levin, S. ve Barnard, N. (2017). Cardio-Metabolic Benefits of Plant-Based Diets. Nutrients, 9(8), 848-860. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080848
  • Koç, G., Uzmay, A. ve Çukur, F. (2016). İklim Değişikliği ve Hayvancılık Sektörü İlişkisinin Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de Tarım Ekonomisi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. XII. Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi, (s. 203-212). Isparta.
  • Koyuncu, M. ve Akgün, H. (2018). Çiftlik Hayvanları ve Küresel İklim Değişikliği Arasındaki Etkileşim. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 151-164.
  • Kramer, H. (2019). Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease. Advances in Nutrition, 10(Suppl_4), S367–S379. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz011
  • Kristensen, M. D., Bendsen, N. T., Christensen, S. M., Astrup, A. ve Raben, A. (2016). Meals based on vegetable protein sources (beans and peas) are more satiating than meals based on animal protein sources (veal and pork) – a randomized cross-over meal test study. Food & Nutrition Research, 60(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32634
  • Kurtgil, S. ve Beyhan, Y. (2021). Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 425-430.
  • Lee, Y. M., Kim, S. A., Lee, I. K., Kim, J. G., Park, K. G., Jeong, J. Y., Jeon, J. H., Shin, J. Y. ve Lee, D. H. (2016). Effect of a Brown Rice Based Vegan Diet and Conventional Diabetic Diet on Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Randomized Clinical Trial. PloS One, 11(6), e0155918. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155918
  • Leitzmann, C. (2005). Vegetarian diets: what are the advantages? Diet Diversification and Health Promotion, 57, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1159/000083787
  • Lynch, H., Johnston, C. ve Wharton, C. (2018). Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance. Nutrients, 10(12), 1841-1856. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121841
  • Manley-Casco, D. ve Berkowitz, P. (2020). A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet With a Novel Potassium-Binding Resin in a Patient With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 14(6), 592–594. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1559827620951036
  • McMacken, M. ve Shah, S. (2017). A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 14(5), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.11909%2Fj.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.009
  • Medawar, E., Huhn, S., Villringer, A. ve Veronica Witte, A. (2019). The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review. Translational Psychiatry, 9, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0552-0
  • Nguyen, H. (2018). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1-8.
  • Özel, M. (2020). Diyetisyenlerin İklim Değişikliği ve Çalışma Alanına Etkileri Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeyi ve Farkındalıklarının Araştırılması (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Palmer, S. (2021). Climate-Friendly Eating. Today's Dietitian, 23(1), 22.
  • Palmer, S. (2020). Ethics in the Plant-Based Food Movement. Today’s Dietitian, 22(8), 24.
  • Palmer, S. (2016). Hottest Nutrition Trends of 2016: Shifting Protein Trends. Today's Dietitian, 18(7), 24.
  • Paul, A. A., Kumar, S., Kumar, V. ve Sharma, R. (2019). Milk Analog: Plant based alternatives to conventional milk, production, potential and health concerns. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 3005-3023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1674243
  • Rose, D., Heller, M. C., Willits-Smith, A. M. ve Meyer, R. J. (2019). Carbon footprint of self-selected US diets: nutritional, demographic and behavioral correlates. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109(3), 526-534. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy327
  • Rubio, N. R., Xiang, N. ve Kaplan, D. L. (2020). Plant-based and cell-based approaches to meat production. Nature Communications, 11, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20061-y
  • Schiano, A. N., Harwood, W. S., Gerard, P. D. ve Drake, M. A. (2020). Consumer perception of the sustainability of dairy products and plant-based dairy alternatives. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(12) 11228-11243. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18406
  • Silva, J. G. S., Rebellato, A. P., dos Santos Caramês, E. T., Greiner, R. ve Pallone, J. A. L. (2020). In vitro digestion effect on mineral bioaccessibility and antioxidant bioactive compounds of plant-based beverages. Food Research International, 130, 108993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108993
  • Tangyu, M., Muller, J., Bolten, C. J. ve Wittmann, C. (2019). Fermentation of plant-based milk alternatives for improved flavour and nutritional value. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 103, 9263–9275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10175-9
  • Thalheimer, J. C. (2015). The Pescetarian Diet. Today's Dietitian, 17(4), 32.
  • Tomasello, G., Mazzola, M., Leone, A., Sinagra, E., Zummo, G., Farina, F., Damiani, P., Cappello, F., Geagea, A. G., Jurjus, A., Assi, T. B., Messina, M. ve Carini, F. (2016). Nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis: Influence of diet on gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 160(4), 461–466.
  • Tomova, A., Bukovsky, I., Rembert, E., Yonas, W., Alwarith, J., Barnard, N. D. ve Kahleova, H. (2019). The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Gut Microbiota. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 47. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00047
  • Tosunoğlu, B. (2014). Sürdürülebilir Küresel Refah Göstergesi Olarak Ekolojik Ayak İzi. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 3(5), 132-149.
  • Trautwein, E. A. ve McKay, S. (2020). The Role of Specific Components of a Plant-Based Diet in Management of Dyslipidemia and the Impact on Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients, 12(9), 2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092671
  • Turan, E. S. (2017). Türkiye'nin su ayak izi değerlendirmesi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 74(Ek-1), 55-62. Tuso, P., Stoll, S. R. ve Li, W. W. (2015). A Plant-Based Diet, Atherogenesis and Coronary Artery Disease Prevention. The Permanente Journal, 19(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.7812%2FTPP%2F14-036
  • Utami, D. B. ve Findyartini, A. (2018). Plant-based Diet for HbA1c Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: an Evidence-based Case Report. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 50(3), 260-267.
  • Uğur, A. (2021). Antroposen: İklim Krizi mi Yoksa Uygarlık Krizi mi? Reflektif Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 557-579. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2021.46
  • Ünal, B. (2019). Antroposen ve Yeni Dünya Tasarıları. Fine Arts, 14(3), 186-199.
  • Webb, D. (2021). The Flexitarian Diet. Today’s Dietitian, 23(3), 40.
  • Weikert, C., Trefflich, I., Menzel, J., Obeid, R., Longree, A., Dierkes, J., Meyer, K., Herter-Aeberli, I., Mai, K., Stangl, G. I., Müller, S. M., Schwerdtle, T., Lampen, A. ve Abraham, K. (2020). Vitamin and Mineral Status in a Vegan Diet. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 117(35-36), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.3238%2Farztebl.2020.0575
  • Widmer, R. J., Flammer, A. J., Lerman, L. O. ve Lerman, A. (2015). The Mediterranean diet, its components and cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Medicine, 128(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.014
  • Williams, K. A. ve Patel, H. (2017). Healthy Plant-Based Diet: What Does it Really Mean? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(4), 423-425.
  • Wright, K. C. (2020). Soyfoods & Thyroid Health. Today’s Dietitian, 22(4), 28.
  • Zanteson, L. (2021). Plant-Based Meat Alternatives. Today’s Dietitian, 23(8), 42.

İklim Destekli Beslenmede Bitki Bazlı Diyetler ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 4, 35 - 54, 30.09.2022

Öz

Her gün daha derinden etkilenilen küresel iklim krizi, sonuçlarıyla ekosistemleri ve insan hayatını tesiri altına alarak dünya genelinde büyük bir sorun haline gelmiştir. İklim krizinin en somut başlangıcı sanayi devrimi olarak görülürken nüfus artışına eşlik eden makineleşme bu soruna üstel olarak katkıda bulunur. Sektörler arası bir sorun olan iklim krizinde en büyük paylardan birine de gıda sistemi sahiptir. Olumsuz çevresel etkileri olan gıda sistemi, özellikle sera gazları emisyonu (GHGE), su gereksinimi ve arazı kullanımı açısından dünyadaki en önemli sektörlerden biridir. Diyetleri destekleyen besin zincirleri, çevresel sorunlarla bağlantılıdır. Artan dünya nüfusuna yeterli ve dengeli bir beslenme düzeni sağlanırken çevrenin yük kapasitesini aşmamak için diyetlerin çevresel zararını göz önünde bulundurmak zorunlu bir gereksinimdir. Diyet ve tüketim alanındaki gelişmeler, örneğin et, yumurta, süt gibi hayvansal ürünlerin sebze ağırlıklı beslenmeye göre daha çok tercih edilmesi karbon salınımını kat be kat arttırır. Protein alımının, üretimi ve işlenişi sonucu metan gazı (CH4) emisyonuna sebep olan hayvancılık sektörü yerine kuru baklagil ve tahıllardan karşılanması halinde sera gazı emisyonunda ortalama 5 milyar tonluk gibi büyük bir fark yaratır. Gıda tüketimi ve sürdürülebilirlikleri değerlendirilerek alternatif bitki bazlı diyet kalıpları oluşturulmuştur. Bitki bazlı diyet kalıpları; vücudu optimize eden biyoaktif bileşen, makro ve mikro besin içeriğinden dolayı olumlu sağlık etkileriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalar bitki bazlı diyetlerin glisemik kontrol, kan lipid seviyesi kontrolü, diyabet, hipertansiyon, bazı kanser türleri, crohn hastalığı ve kalp hastalıkları gibi sağlık sorunları için etkili bir ilaçsız tedavi şekli olduğunu göstermiştir.
Bu derleme makalede insan ayak izi ve diyet seçimleri arasındaki ilişki ele alınarak, bitki bazlı diyetlerin çevre sağlığının yan sıra insan sağlığına da olumlu yöndeki etkileri incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, A. A. (2019). Yaşamsal Bilinmezlik: İklim Krizi ve Gıda. Toplum ve Hekim, 34(5), 348-355.
  • Avanoz, Z. (2020). Türkiye’de tarımsal üretimin su ayak izinin hesaplanması (Yüksek lisans tezi). Batman Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Batman.
  • Ayyıldız, F. ve Yıldıran, H. (2019). Farklı diyet modellerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine etkisi. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(2), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1161
  • Bakaloudi, D. R., Halloran, A., Rippin, H. L., Oikonomidou, A. C., Dardavesis, T. I., Williams, J., Wickramasinghe, K., Breda, J. ve Chourdakis, M. (2021). Intake and adequacy of the vegan diet. A systematic review of the evidence. Clinical Nutrition, 40(5), 3503–3521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.035
  • Birkan, İ. (2013). Küresel Isınma ve Karbon Ayak İzimiz.
  • Burlingame, B. ve Dernini, S. (2012). Sustainable Diets and Biodiversity. Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium (s. 1-309). FAO: Rome.
  • Carrero, J. J., González-Ortiz, A., Avesani, C. M., Bakker, S. J. L., Bellizzi, V., Chauveau, P., Clase, C. M., Cupisti, A., Espinosa-Cuevas, A., Molina, P., Moreau, K., Piccoli, G. B., Post, A., Sezer, S. ve Fouque, D. (2020). Plant-based diets to manage the risks and complications of chronic kidney disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16, 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-020-0297-2
  • Castro-Barquero, S., Ruiz-León, A. M., Sierra-Pérez, M., Estruch, R. ve Casas, R. (2020). Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 12(10), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102983
  • Chen, C., Chaudhary, A. ve Mathys, A. (2019). Dietary Change Scenarios and Implications for Environmental, Nutrition, Human Health and Economic Dimensions of Food Sustainability. Nutrients, 11(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040856
  • Choudhury, D., Singh, S., Seah, J. S. H., Yeo, D. C. L. ve Tan, L. P. (2020). Commercialization of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives. Trends in Plant Science, 25(11), 1055-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.08.006
  • Collard, K. M. ve McCormick, D. P. (2021). A Nutritional Comparison of Cow's Milk and Alternative Milk Products. Academic Pediatrics, 21(6), 1067-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.12.007
  • Craig, W. J. (2010). Nutrition concerns and health effects of vegetarian diets. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 25(6), 613-620. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533610385707
  • Efe, R., Soykan, A., Cürebal, İ. ve Sönmez, S. (2008). Türkiye’de doğal ortam bozulmasına antroposen açısından bakış. Tücaum V. Ulusal Coğrafya Sempozyumu (16-17 Ekim 2008) Bildiriler Kitabı, 317-328.
  • Eminler, A. T., Toka, B. ve Uslan, M. İ. (2017). İnflamatuar Barsak Hastalığı ve Barsak Mikrobiyotası. Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 1, 81-85.
  • Erden Özsoy, C. ve Dinç, A. (2016). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Ekolojik Ayak İzi. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (619), 35-55.
  • Esteve-Llorens, X., Darriba, C., Moreira, M. T., Feijoo, G. ve González-García, S. (2019). Towards an environmentally sustainable and healthy Atlantic dietary pattern: Life cycle carbon footprint and nutritional quality. Science of The Total Environment, 646, 704-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.264
  • FAO ve WHO. (2019). Sustainable healthy diets - Guiding principles. (s. 1-44). Rome: FAO and WHO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca6640en
  • Gluba-Brzózka, A., Franczyk, B. ve Rysz, J. (2017). Vegetarian Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease-A Friend or Foe. Nutrients, 9(4), 374-388. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9040374
  • González-García, S., Esteve-Llorens, X., Moreira, M. T. ve Feijoo, G. (2018). Carbon footprint and nutritional quality of different human dietary choices. Science of The Total Environment, 644, 77-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.339
  • Grant, J. D. (2017). Time for change: Benefits of a plant-based diet. Canadian Family Physician, 63, 744-746.
  • Harris, F., Moss, C., Joy, E. J. M., Quinn, R., Scheelbeek, P. F. D., Dangour, A. D. ve Green, R. (2020). The Water Footprint of Diets: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Advances in Nutrition, 11(2), 375-386. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz091
  • Hauner, H. (2015). Für wen sinnvoll, für wen gefährlich? MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 157(10), 41-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15006-015-3134-y
  • Hemler, E. ve Hu, F. (2019). Plant-Based Diets for Personal, Population and Planetary Health. Advances in Nutrition, 10(Supplement_4), S275–S283. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy117
  • Hermann, M. (2021). Plant-Based Milks. Today’s Dietitian, 23(5), 26.
  • İdiz, C. (2019). Diyabetli Bireylere Hangi Beslenme Modeli Önerilmeli? Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi, 47(Özel sayı), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.33076/2019.BDD.1314
  • Jayachandran, M. ve Xu, B. (2019). An insight into the health benefits of fermented soy products. Food Chemistry, 271, 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.158
  • Kahleova, H., Levin, S. ve Barnard, N. (2017). Cardio-Metabolic Benefits of Plant-Based Diets. Nutrients, 9(8), 848-860. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080848
  • Koç, G., Uzmay, A. ve Çukur, F. (2016). İklim Değişikliği ve Hayvancılık Sektörü İlişkisinin Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de Tarım Ekonomisi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. XII. Ulusal Tarım Ekonomisi Kongresi, (s. 203-212). Isparta.
  • Koyuncu, M. ve Akgün, H. (2018). Çiftlik Hayvanları ve Küresel İklim Değişikliği Arasındaki Etkileşim. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 151-164.
  • Kramer, H. (2019). Diet and Chronic Kidney Disease. Advances in Nutrition, 10(Suppl_4), S367–S379. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz011
  • Kristensen, M. D., Bendsen, N. T., Christensen, S. M., Astrup, A. ve Raben, A. (2016). Meals based on vegetable protein sources (beans and peas) are more satiating than meals based on animal protein sources (veal and pork) – a randomized cross-over meal test study. Food & Nutrition Research, 60(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32634
  • Kurtgil, S. ve Beyhan, Y. (2021). Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 425-430.
  • Lee, Y. M., Kim, S. A., Lee, I. K., Kim, J. G., Park, K. G., Jeong, J. Y., Jeon, J. H., Shin, J. Y. ve Lee, D. H. (2016). Effect of a Brown Rice Based Vegan Diet and Conventional Diabetic Diet on Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Randomized Clinical Trial. PloS One, 11(6), e0155918. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155918
  • Leitzmann, C. (2005). Vegetarian diets: what are the advantages? Diet Diversification and Health Promotion, 57, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1159/000083787
  • Lynch, H., Johnston, C. ve Wharton, C. (2018). Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance. Nutrients, 10(12), 1841-1856. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121841
  • Manley-Casco, D. ve Berkowitz, P. (2020). A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet With a Novel Potassium-Binding Resin in a Patient With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 14(6), 592–594. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1559827620951036
  • McMacken, M. ve Shah, S. (2017). A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 14(5), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.11909%2Fj.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.009
  • Medawar, E., Huhn, S., Villringer, A. ve Veronica Witte, A. (2019). The effects of plant-based diets on the body and the brain: a systematic review. Translational Psychiatry, 9, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0552-0
  • Nguyen, H. (2018). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1-8.
  • Özel, M. (2020). Diyetisyenlerin İklim Değişikliği ve Çalışma Alanına Etkileri Konusundaki Bilgi Düzeyi ve Farkındalıklarının Araştırılması (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Palmer, S. (2021). Climate-Friendly Eating. Today's Dietitian, 23(1), 22.
  • Palmer, S. (2020). Ethics in the Plant-Based Food Movement. Today’s Dietitian, 22(8), 24.
  • Palmer, S. (2016). Hottest Nutrition Trends of 2016: Shifting Protein Trends. Today's Dietitian, 18(7), 24.
  • Paul, A. A., Kumar, S., Kumar, V. ve Sharma, R. (2019). Milk Analog: Plant based alternatives to conventional milk, production, potential and health concerns. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 3005-3023. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1674243
  • Rose, D., Heller, M. C., Willits-Smith, A. M. ve Meyer, R. J. (2019). Carbon footprint of self-selected US diets: nutritional, demographic and behavioral correlates. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 109(3), 526-534. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy327
  • Rubio, N. R., Xiang, N. ve Kaplan, D. L. (2020). Plant-based and cell-based approaches to meat production. Nature Communications, 11, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20061-y
  • Schiano, A. N., Harwood, W. S., Gerard, P. D. ve Drake, M. A. (2020). Consumer perception of the sustainability of dairy products and plant-based dairy alternatives. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(12) 11228-11243. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18406
  • Silva, J. G. S., Rebellato, A. P., dos Santos Caramês, E. T., Greiner, R. ve Pallone, J. A. L. (2020). In vitro digestion effect on mineral bioaccessibility and antioxidant bioactive compounds of plant-based beverages. Food Research International, 130, 108993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108993
  • Tangyu, M., Muller, J., Bolten, C. J. ve Wittmann, C. (2019). Fermentation of plant-based milk alternatives for improved flavour and nutritional value. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 103, 9263–9275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10175-9
  • Thalheimer, J. C. (2015). The Pescetarian Diet. Today's Dietitian, 17(4), 32.
  • Tomasello, G., Mazzola, M., Leone, A., Sinagra, E., Zummo, G., Farina, F., Damiani, P., Cappello, F., Geagea, A. G., Jurjus, A., Assi, T. B., Messina, M. ve Carini, F. (2016). Nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis: Influence of diet on gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub, 160(4), 461–466.
  • Tomova, A., Bukovsky, I., Rembert, E., Yonas, W., Alwarith, J., Barnard, N. D. ve Kahleova, H. (2019). The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Gut Microbiota. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 47. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00047
  • Tosunoğlu, B. (2014). Sürdürülebilir Küresel Refah Göstergesi Olarak Ekolojik Ayak İzi. Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi, 3(5), 132-149.
  • Trautwein, E. A. ve McKay, S. (2020). The Role of Specific Components of a Plant-Based Diet in Management of Dyslipidemia and the Impact on Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients, 12(9), 2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092671
  • Turan, E. S. (2017). Türkiye'nin su ayak izi değerlendirmesi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 74(Ek-1), 55-62. Tuso, P., Stoll, S. R. ve Li, W. W. (2015). A Plant-Based Diet, Atherogenesis and Coronary Artery Disease Prevention. The Permanente Journal, 19(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.7812%2FTPP%2F14-036
  • Utami, D. B. ve Findyartini, A. (2018). Plant-based Diet for HbA1c Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: an Evidence-based Case Report. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 50(3), 260-267.
  • Uğur, A. (2021). Antroposen: İklim Krizi mi Yoksa Uygarlık Krizi mi? Reflektif Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 557-579. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2021.46
  • Ünal, B. (2019). Antroposen ve Yeni Dünya Tasarıları. Fine Arts, 14(3), 186-199.
  • Webb, D. (2021). The Flexitarian Diet. Today’s Dietitian, 23(3), 40.
  • Weikert, C., Trefflich, I., Menzel, J., Obeid, R., Longree, A., Dierkes, J., Meyer, K., Herter-Aeberli, I., Mai, K., Stangl, G. I., Müller, S. M., Schwerdtle, T., Lampen, A. ve Abraham, K. (2020). Vitamin and Mineral Status in a Vegan Diet. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 117(35-36), 575–582. https://doi.org/10.3238%2Farztebl.2020.0575
  • Widmer, R. J., Flammer, A. J., Lerman, L. O. ve Lerman, A. (2015). The Mediterranean diet, its components and cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Medicine, 128(3), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.10.014
  • Williams, K. A. ve Patel, H. (2017). Healthy Plant-Based Diet: What Does it Really Mean? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(4), 423-425.
  • Wright, K. C. (2020). Soyfoods & Thyroid Health. Today’s Dietitian, 22(4), 28.
  • Zanteson, L. (2021). Plant-Based Meat Alternatives. Today’s Dietitian, 23(8), 42.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beslenme ve Diyetetik
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Ayşe Güneş Bayır

Büşra Kıyak 0000-0002-3666-8067

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 27 Eylül 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Güneş Bayır, A., & Kıyak, B. (2022). İklim Destekli Beslenmede Bitki Bazlı Diyetler ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Et Ve Süt Kurumu Dergisi(4), 35-54.