Araştırma Makalesi
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Determination of Anesthetic Effects of Some Medicinal Plants on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 37 - 42, 20.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.17216/LimnoFish-5000099756

Öz

In this study, anesthetics effects of spearmint (Menta piperita) oil and lavandula (Lavandula angustifolia) oil as alternative to clove (Eugenia caryophylatta) oil were evaluated on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed to different concentrations of the essential oils (30, 40, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg l-1) for induction of anesthesia. Results showed that induction time decreased with increasing of the concentration of the clove oil and spearmint oil. However, recovery time increased with increasing of the concentration of this anesthetics. 40 and 50 mg l-1 doses of clove oil and 200 mg l-1 of mint oil were showed similar anesthetic effect. Lavandula oil was showed sedative effects on rainbow trout. These findings suggested that spearmint oil is useful anesthetics for rainbow trout.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut B, Çavdar Y, Çakmak E, Aksungur N. 2011a. Use of clove oil to anaesthetize larvae of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). J Appl Ichthyol. 27(2):618-621. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01653.x
  • Akbulut B, Çakmak E, Aksungur N, Çavdar Y. 2011b. Effect of exposure duration on time to recovery from anaesthesia of clove oil in juvenile of Russian sturgeon. Turk J Fish Aquat Sc. 11(3):463-467. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v11_3_17
  • Akbulut B, Çakmak E, Özel OT, Dülger N. 2012. Effect of anaesthesia with clove oil and benzocaine on feed intake in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). Turk J Fish Aquat Sc. 12(3):669-675. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_3_15
  • Anderson WG, Mckinley RS, Colavecchia M. 1997. The use of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout and its effects on swimming performance. N Am J Fish Manage. 17(2):301-307. doi: 10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0301:TUOCOA>2.3.CO;2
  • Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. 2007. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): A short review. Phytother Res. 21(6):501-506. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2124
  • Cho GK, Heath DD. 2000. Comparison of tricain methanesulphota (MS222) and clove oil anaesthesia effects on the physiology of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncohrynychus tshawytscha) (Walbaum). Aquac Res. 31(6):537-546. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00478.x
  • Cunha MA, Barros FMC, Garcia LO, Veeck APL, Heinzmann BM, Loro VL, Emanuelli T, Baldisserotto B. 2010. Essential oil of Lippia alba: a new anesthetic for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Aquaculture. 306(1-4):403-406. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.014
  • Çetinkaya O, Şahin A. 2005. Balıklarda anestezi uygulamaları ve başlıca anestezikler. Editör: Karataş, M, editör. Balık biyolojisinde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları. s. 237-273.
  • Dolezelová P, Mácová S, Plhalová L, Pišteková V, Svobodová Z. 2011. The acute toxicity of clove oil to
  • fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata. Acta Vet Brno. 80(3):305-308. doi: 10.2754/avb201180030305
  • Endo T, Ogishima K, Tanaka H, Ohshima S. 1972. Studies on the anaesthetic effect of eugenol in some freshwater fishes. B Jpn Soc Sci Fish. 38(7):761-767.
  • FDA 2002. Guidance for industry status of clove oil and eugenol for anesthesia of fish. Rockville: Center for Veterinary Medicine. Technical paper.
  • Ghazilou A, Chenary F. 2011. Evaluation of rosemary oil anesthesia in carp. Online J Vet Res. 15(2):112-118.
  • Gressler LT, Riffel APK, Parodi TV, Saccol EMH, Koakoski G, Costa ST, Pavanato MA, Heinzmann BM, Caron B, Schmidt D, Llesuy SF, Barcellos LJG, Baldisserotto B. 2014. Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) immersion anesthesia with essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Hérit) Britton or tricaine methanesulfonate: effect on stress response and antioxidant status. Aquac Res. 45(6):1061-1072. doi: 10.1111/are.12043
  • Griffiths SP. 2000. The use of clove oil as an anaesthetic and method for sampling intertidal rockpool fishes. J Fish Biol. 57(6):1453-1464. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02224.x
  • Gullian M, Villanueva J. 2009. Efficacy of tricaine methanesulphonate and clove oil as anaesthetics for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquac Res. 40(7):852-860. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02180.x
  • Hajek GJ, Klyszejko B, Dziaman R. 2006. The anaesthetic effect of clove oil on common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Acta Ichthyol Piscat. 36(2):93-97.
  • Harvey B, Denny C, Kaiser S, Young J. 1988. Remote intramuscular injection of immobilising drugs into fish using a laser-aimed underwater dart gun. Vet Rec. 122(8):174-177. doi: 10.1136/vr.122.8.174
  • Imanpoor MR, Bagheri T, Hedayeti SAA. 2010. The anesthetic effects of clove essence in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. World J Fish Mar Sci. 2(1):29-36.
  • Kanyılmaz M, Sevgili H, Erçen Z, Yılayaz A. 2007. The use of clove oil as a fish anaesthetic. Turk J Fish Aquatic Life. 5-8:671-680.
  • Kara N. 2011. Uçucu yağ üretimine uygun lavanta (Lavandula sp.) çeşitlerinin belirlenmesi ve mikroçoğaltım olanaklarının araştırılması [PhD Thesis]. Süleyman Demirel University.161 s.
  • Keene JL, Noakes DLG, Moccia RD, Soto CG. 1998. The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquac Res. 29(2):89-101. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00927.x
  • Kumlu M, Yanar M. 1999. Effects of the anesthetic quinaldine sulphate and muscle relexant diazepam on sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata). Isr J Aquacult-Bamid. 51(4):143-147.
  • Meza S. 1983. Immobilization of carp (Cyprinus carpio), catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) using xylocaine with sodium bicarbonate [PhD Thesis]. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Fac de Med Vet Zootec. 33 p.
  • Mousavi SM, Mirzargar SS, Ebrahim Zadeh Mousavi H, Omid Baigi R, Khosravi A, Bahor A, Ahmadi MR. 2009. Evalution of antifungal activity of new combined essential oils in comparison with malachite gren on hatching rate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. J Fish Aquat Sci. 4(2):103-110. doi: 10.3923/jfas.2009.103.110
  • Mylonas CC, Cardinaletti G, Sigelaki I, Polzonetti-Magni A. 2005. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures. Aquacult. 246(1-4):467-481. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.046
  • Parodi TV, Cunha MA, Becker AG, Zeppenfeld CC, Martins DI, Koakoski G, Barcellos LG, Heinzmann BM, Baldisserotto B. 2013. Anesthetic activity of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla and effectiveness in reducing stress during transport of albino and gray strains of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Fish Physiol Biochem. 40(2):323-334. doi: 10.1007/s10695-013-9845-z
  • Roohi Z, Imanpoor MR. 2015. The efficacy of the oils of spearmint and methyl salicylate as new anesthetics and their effect on glucose levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) juveniles. Aquacult. 437:327-332. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.019
  • Serezli R, Okumuş İ, Akhan S. 2005. Anaesthetics in aquaculture. Turk J Fish Aquatic Life. 4:475-480.
  • Sharif Rohani M, Haghighi M, Assaeian H, Lashtoo Aghaee GR. 2008. A study of the anesthetic effect of Zataria multiflora boiss essence on Oncorhynchus mykiss and cultured Salmo trutta caspius. Iran J Fish Sci. 16(4):99-106.
  • Silva LL, Parodi TV, Reckziegel P, Garcia VO, Bürger ME, Baldisserotto B, Malmann CA, Pereira AMS, Heinzmann BM. 2012. Essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum: anesthetic effect, mechanism of action and tolerance in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Aquaculture. 350-353:91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.012 Silva LL, Silva DT, Garlet QI, Cunha MA, Mallmann CA, Baldisserotto B, Longhi SJ, Pereira AMS, Heinzmann BM. 2013. Anesthetic activity of Brazilian native plants in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Neotropical Ichthyol. 11(2):443-451. doi: 10.1590/S1679-62252013000200014
  • Soto CG, Burhanuddin S. 1995. Clove oil as a fish anaesthetic for measuring lenght and weight of rabbitfish (Siganus lineatus). Aquaculture. 136(1):149-152. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01051-3
  • Sudagara M, Mohammadizarejabada A, Mazandarania R, Pooralimotlagha S. 2009. The efficacy of clove powder as an anesthetic and its effects on hematological parameters on roach (Rutilus rutilus). J Aquacult Feed Sci Nutr. 1(1):1-5.
  • Svoboda M, Kolarova J. 1999. A survey of anaesthetics used in the fish farming (in Czech). In: Health protection of fish-proceeding of papers. Czech Republic: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology Vodnany. p. 49-72.
  • Wagner GN, Singer TD, McKinley SR. 2003. The ability of clove oil and MS-222 to minimize handling stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aqua Res. 34(13):1139-1146. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00916.x
  • Yanar M, Genç E. 2004. Anaesthetic effects of quinaldine sulphate together with the use of diazepam on Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758 (Cichlidae) at different temperatures. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 28(6):1001-1005.
  • Yanar M, Kumlu M. 2001. The anaesthetics effects of quinaldine sulphate and/or diazepam, on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 25(2):185-189.
  • Yıldırım M, Genç E, Yıldırım YB. 2009. Fish surgery and anaesthesia practices. XV. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu; Rize, Türkiye.
  • Yıldız M, Kayım M, Akın S. 2013. The anesthetic effects of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different concentrations and temperatures. Iran J Fish Sci. 12(4):947-961.
  • Zahl IH, Kiessling A, Samuelsen OB, Hansen MK. 2009. Anaesthesia of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)-Effect of pre-anaesthetic sedation, and importance of body weight, temperature and stress. Aquaculture. 295(1-2):52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.019

Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerin Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Üzerinde Anestezik Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 37 - 42, 20.04.2015
https://doi.org/10.17216/LimnoFish-5000099756

Öz

Bu çalışmada karanfil (Eugenia caryophylatta) yağına alternatif olarak nane yağı (Menta piperita) ve lavanta (Lavandula angustifolia) yağlarının gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss) üzerinde anestezik etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Balıklar anesteziye giriş için uçucu yağların farklı dozlarına (30, 40, 50, 100, 150 ve 200 mg/l) maruz bırakılmıştır. Sonuçlar, karanfil yağı ve nane yağının dozu arttıkça anesteziye giriş süresinin kısaldığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, bu anesteziklerin dozu arttıkça anesteziden çıkış süresi uzamıştır. Karanfil yağının 40 ve 50 mg/l dozları ve nane yağının 200 mg/l dozu benzer anestezik etki göstermiştir. Lavanta yağı ise gökkuşağı alabalıklarında sedatif etki göstermiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında nane yağının gökkuşağı alabalıklarında anestezik olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akbulut B, Çavdar Y, Çakmak E, Aksungur N. 2011a. Use of clove oil to anaesthetize larvae of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). J Appl Ichthyol. 27(2):618-621. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01653.x
  • Akbulut B, Çakmak E, Aksungur N, Çavdar Y. 2011b. Effect of exposure duration on time to recovery from anaesthesia of clove oil in juvenile of Russian sturgeon. Turk J Fish Aquat Sc. 11(3):463-467. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v11_3_17
  • Akbulut B, Çakmak E, Özel OT, Dülger N. 2012. Effect of anaesthesia with clove oil and benzocaine on feed intake in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). Turk J Fish Aquat Sc. 12(3):669-675. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v12_3_15
  • Anderson WG, Mckinley RS, Colavecchia M. 1997. The use of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout and its effects on swimming performance. N Am J Fish Manage. 17(2):301-307. doi: 10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0301:TUOCOA>2.3.CO;2
  • Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhrouf A. 2007. The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): A short review. Phytother Res. 21(6):501-506. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2124
  • Cho GK, Heath DD. 2000. Comparison of tricain methanesulphota (MS222) and clove oil anaesthesia effects on the physiology of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncohrynychus tshawytscha) (Walbaum). Aquac Res. 31(6):537-546. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2000.00478.x
  • Cunha MA, Barros FMC, Garcia LO, Veeck APL, Heinzmann BM, Loro VL, Emanuelli T, Baldisserotto B. 2010. Essential oil of Lippia alba: a new anesthetic for silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Aquaculture. 306(1-4):403-406. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.06.014
  • Çetinkaya O, Şahin A. 2005. Balıklarda anestezi uygulamaları ve başlıca anestezikler. Editör: Karataş, M, editör. Balık biyolojisinde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları. s. 237-273.
  • Dolezelová P, Mácová S, Plhalová L, Pišteková V, Svobodová Z. 2011. The acute toxicity of clove oil to
  • fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata. Acta Vet Brno. 80(3):305-308. doi: 10.2754/avb201180030305
  • Endo T, Ogishima K, Tanaka H, Ohshima S. 1972. Studies on the anaesthetic effect of eugenol in some freshwater fishes. B Jpn Soc Sci Fish. 38(7):761-767.
  • FDA 2002. Guidance for industry status of clove oil and eugenol for anesthesia of fish. Rockville: Center for Veterinary Medicine. Technical paper.
  • Ghazilou A, Chenary F. 2011. Evaluation of rosemary oil anesthesia in carp. Online J Vet Res. 15(2):112-118.
  • Gressler LT, Riffel APK, Parodi TV, Saccol EMH, Koakoski G, Costa ST, Pavanato MA, Heinzmann BM, Caron B, Schmidt D, Llesuy SF, Barcellos LJG, Baldisserotto B. 2014. Silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) immersion anesthesia with essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Hérit) Britton or tricaine methanesulfonate: effect on stress response and antioxidant status. Aquac Res. 45(6):1061-1072. doi: 10.1111/are.12043
  • Griffiths SP. 2000. The use of clove oil as an anaesthetic and method for sampling intertidal rockpool fishes. J Fish Biol. 57(6):1453-1464. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02224.x
  • Gullian M, Villanueva J. 2009. Efficacy of tricaine methanesulphonate and clove oil as anaesthetics for juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Aquac Res. 40(7):852-860. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02180.x
  • Hajek GJ, Klyszejko B, Dziaman R. 2006. The anaesthetic effect of clove oil on common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Acta Ichthyol Piscat. 36(2):93-97.
  • Harvey B, Denny C, Kaiser S, Young J. 1988. Remote intramuscular injection of immobilising drugs into fish using a laser-aimed underwater dart gun. Vet Rec. 122(8):174-177. doi: 10.1136/vr.122.8.174
  • Imanpoor MR, Bagheri T, Hedayeti SAA. 2010. The anesthetic effects of clove essence in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. World J Fish Mar Sci. 2(1):29-36.
  • Kanyılmaz M, Sevgili H, Erçen Z, Yılayaz A. 2007. The use of clove oil as a fish anaesthetic. Turk J Fish Aquatic Life. 5-8:671-680.
  • Kara N. 2011. Uçucu yağ üretimine uygun lavanta (Lavandula sp.) çeşitlerinin belirlenmesi ve mikroçoğaltım olanaklarının araştırılması [PhD Thesis]. Süleyman Demirel University.161 s.
  • Keene JL, Noakes DLG, Moccia RD, Soto CG. 1998. The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquac Res. 29(2):89-101. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00927.x
  • Kumlu M, Yanar M. 1999. Effects of the anesthetic quinaldine sulphate and muscle relexant diazepam on sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata). Isr J Aquacult-Bamid. 51(4):143-147.
  • Meza S. 1983. Immobilization of carp (Cyprinus carpio), catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) using xylocaine with sodium bicarbonate [PhD Thesis]. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Fac de Med Vet Zootec. 33 p.
  • Mousavi SM, Mirzargar SS, Ebrahim Zadeh Mousavi H, Omid Baigi R, Khosravi A, Bahor A, Ahmadi MR. 2009. Evalution of antifungal activity of new combined essential oils in comparison with malachite gren on hatching rate in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. J Fish Aquat Sci. 4(2):103-110. doi: 10.3923/jfas.2009.103.110
  • Mylonas CC, Cardinaletti G, Sigelaki I, Polzonetti-Magni A. 2005. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures. Aquacult. 246(1-4):467-481. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.046
  • Parodi TV, Cunha MA, Becker AG, Zeppenfeld CC, Martins DI, Koakoski G, Barcellos LG, Heinzmann BM, Baldisserotto B. 2013. Anesthetic activity of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla and effectiveness in reducing stress during transport of albino and gray strains of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Fish Physiol Biochem. 40(2):323-334. doi: 10.1007/s10695-013-9845-z
  • Roohi Z, Imanpoor MR. 2015. The efficacy of the oils of spearmint and methyl salicylate as new anesthetics and their effect on glucose levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) juveniles. Aquacult. 437:327-332. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.019
  • Serezli R, Okumuş İ, Akhan S. 2005. Anaesthetics in aquaculture. Turk J Fish Aquatic Life. 4:475-480.
  • Sharif Rohani M, Haghighi M, Assaeian H, Lashtoo Aghaee GR. 2008. A study of the anesthetic effect of Zataria multiflora boiss essence on Oncorhynchus mykiss and cultured Salmo trutta caspius. Iran J Fish Sci. 16(4):99-106.
  • Silva LL, Parodi TV, Reckziegel P, Garcia VO, Bürger ME, Baldisserotto B, Malmann CA, Pereira AMS, Heinzmann BM. 2012. Essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum: anesthetic effect, mechanism of action and tolerance in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Aquaculture. 350-353:91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.04.012 Silva LL, Silva DT, Garlet QI, Cunha MA, Mallmann CA, Baldisserotto B, Longhi SJ, Pereira AMS, Heinzmann BM. 2013. Anesthetic activity of Brazilian native plants in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Neotropical Ichthyol. 11(2):443-451. doi: 10.1590/S1679-62252013000200014
  • Soto CG, Burhanuddin S. 1995. Clove oil as a fish anaesthetic for measuring lenght and weight of rabbitfish (Siganus lineatus). Aquaculture. 136(1):149-152. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01051-3
  • Sudagara M, Mohammadizarejabada A, Mazandarania R, Pooralimotlagha S. 2009. The efficacy of clove powder as an anesthetic and its effects on hematological parameters on roach (Rutilus rutilus). J Aquacult Feed Sci Nutr. 1(1):1-5.
  • Svoboda M, Kolarova J. 1999. A survey of anaesthetics used in the fish farming (in Czech). In: Health protection of fish-proceeding of papers. Czech Republic: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology Vodnany. p. 49-72.
  • Wagner GN, Singer TD, McKinley SR. 2003. The ability of clove oil and MS-222 to minimize handling stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aqua Res. 34(13):1139-1146. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2003.00916.x
  • Yanar M, Genç E. 2004. Anaesthetic effects of quinaldine sulphate together with the use of diazepam on Oreochromis niloticus L. 1758 (Cichlidae) at different temperatures. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 28(6):1001-1005.
  • Yanar M, Kumlu M. 2001. The anaesthetics effects of quinaldine sulphate and/or diazepam, on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 25(2):185-189.
  • Yıldırım M, Genç E, Yıldırım YB. 2009. Fish surgery and anaesthesia practices. XV. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu; Rize, Türkiye.
  • Yıldız M, Kayım M, Akın S. 2013. The anesthetic effects of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different concentrations and temperatures. Iran J Fish Sci. 12(4):947-961.
  • Zahl IH, Kiessling A, Samuelsen OB, Hansen MK. 2009. Anaesthesia of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)-Effect of pre-anaesthetic sedation, and importance of body weight, temperature and stress. Aquaculture. 295(1-2):52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.019
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Seçil Metin

Behire Didinen

Ayşegül Kubilay

Mesut Pala

İjlal Aker

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Nisan 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Metin, S., Didinen, B., Kubilay, A., Pala, M., vd. (2015). Bazı Tıbbi Bitkilerin Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) Üzerinde Anestezik Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 1(1), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.17216/LimnoFish-5000099756