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THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 245 - 257, 01.09.2017

Arzu Uçar Yavuz Yeğin

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263

Abstract

In this study were
researched the effects of the two different dosage application of copper
sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) pesticide and rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was used
as the material. As a result of the application period, control and application
groups critical swimming speed and blood parameters were investigated.

In the rainbow trout,
exposed to different doses of the copper sulphate penta hydrate (CuSO4.5H2O)
pesticide, critical swimming speed was investigated and the effects was found
to be significant (p<0.05). Average critical swimming speed values was found
to be 3.550±1.62 bl/sec in the control group, 3.746±2.03 bl/sec in the group
applied 0.175 mg/lt and 5.060±0.34 bl/sec in the group applied 0.350 mg/lt.

From
the hematologic parameters, sedimentation (ESR), erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte (WBC)
and thrombocyte (Plt) values treatment x day interaction were not effected by
CuSO4.5H2O (p>0.05). The hemoglobin value was
significantly effected by treatment x day interaction (p<0.01). While the
effect of treatment and treatment x day interaction of erythrocyte
sedimentation rate and erythrocyte number were not significant, the effect of
day was found to significant (p<0.05). The number of white blood cell and thrombocyte
treatment, day and treatment x day interaction effect was found to be insignificant
(p> 0.05).






Keywords

Copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) rainbow trout hematology

References

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  • Atamanalp, M. (2000). The effects of sublethal doses of cypermethrin on haematological and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (O. mykiss). (PhD Thesis), Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Atamanalp, M. (2015). The effects of different culture methods (cage and pond) on haemoglobin, haematocrit and sediment levels of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20 (1), Retrieved from http://www.egejfas.org/egejfas/issue/5021/68209.
  • Baltz, D.M., Chesney, E.J., Tarr, M.A., Kolok, A. S., & Bradley, M.J. (2005). Toxicity and sublethal effects of methanol on swimming performance of juvenile Florida pompano. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134, 730–740. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1577/T04-136.1.
  • Beamish, F.W.H. (1978). Swimming Capacity. In Fish Physiology, vol. 7 (ed. W. S. Hoar and D. J.Randall), New York: Academic Press. pp. 101–187.
  • Beaumont, M.W., Butler P.J., & Taylor, E.W. (1995). Exposure of brown trout, Salmo trutta, to sub-lethal copper concentrations in soft acidic water and its effect upon sustained swimming performance. AquaticToxicology, 33(1), 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/0166-445X(95)00007-Q.
  • Blaxhall, P.C., & Daisley, K.W. (1973). Routine haematological methods for use fish with blood. Journal of Fish Biology, 5, 771-781. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x.
  • Brett, J.R. (1964). The respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of young sockeye salmon. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 21, 1183–1226. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1139/f64-103.
  • Brett, J.R., & Glosal, N.R. (1973). Metabolic rates and critical swimming speeds of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to size and temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 30, 379- 387. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1139/f73-068.
  • Calabrese, A., Thurberg, F.P., Dawson, M.A. & Wenzloff, D.R. (1975). Sublethal physiological stress induced by cadmium and mercury in the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Koemon, J.H. and J.J.T.W.A, Strik (eds.). Sublethal effects of toxic chemicals on aquatic animals. American Elsevier, NY. P. 15-21.
  • Caldwell, C.A. & Hinshaw, J.M. (1995). Tolerance of Rainbow Trout to dissolved oxygen supplementation and a Yersinia ruckeri challenge. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 7, 168-171. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1577/1548-8667(1995)007<0168:CTORTT>2.3.CO;2
  • Campbell, T., & Ellis, C. (2007). Avian and exotic animal hematology and cytology. New York: WileyBlackwell.
  • Casillas, E., & Smith, L.S. (1977). Effect of stress on blood coagulationand haematology in rainbow trout (S. gairdneri). Journal of Fish Biology, 10, 481-494. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04081.x.
  • Cataldı, E.D., Marco, P., Mandıch, A., & Cataudella, S. (1998). Serum parameters of adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii (Pisces: Acipenseriformes): Effects of temperature and stres. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 121A, 351– 354. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10134-4.
  • Chrıstensen, G.M., Mckım, J.M., Brungs, W.A., & Hunt, E.P. (1972). Changes in the blood of the Brown Bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus Lesuer) following short and long term exposure to copper. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 23, 417-427. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/0041-008X(72)90044-0.
  • Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., & Esteban, M.A. (2011). Immunotoxicological effects of environmental contaminants in teleost fish reared for aquaculture. In: Stoytcheva, M. (Ed.), Pesticides in the Modern World – Risks and Benefits. InTech, pp. 241–255.
  • Cyriac, P.J., Antony, A., & Nambisan, P.N.K. (1989). Hemoglobin and haematocrit values in the fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) after short term exposure to copper and mercury. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 43, 315-320. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01701764.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. (2006). Effect of heavy metals on blood parameters of fish. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi (1/1), 49.
  • Çiltaş, A.K. (2000). The pathogenicity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Brevibacillus agri, Micrococcus lylae strains and clinic and laboratory investigation of these infections on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (Doctoral Thesis), Atatürk University, Turkey, Erzurum.
  • Davison, N.A. (1995). Evaluation of copper and tributylin containing compounds, Environmental Monitoring & Pest Management Branch Department of Pesticide Regulation, EPA, California, 8.
  • Dawson, M.A. (1979). Hematological effects of long-term mercury exposure and subsequent periods of recovery of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Vernberg, W.B., Thurberg, F.P., Calabrese, A. and F.J., Vernberg (eds.), Marine pollution: Functional responses, p. 171-182. Acad. Press, NY.
  • Dhanapakiam, P., & Ramasamy, V.K. (2001). Toxic effects of copper and zinc mixtures on some haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.,1758). Journal of Environmental Biology, 22(2), 105-111.
  • Dick, P.T., & Dixon, D.G. (1985). Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. Journal of Fish Bioogy, 26, 475-481. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04287.x
  • Elder, J.F., & Horne, A.J., (1978). Copper cycles and CuSO4 algicidal capacity in two California lakes. Environmental Management, 2: 17. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01866443.
  • Engelmann, B., & Massberg, S. (2012). Thrombosis as an intravascular effector of innate immunity. Nature Reviews Immunology, 13.34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3345.
  • Esenbuğa, H. (2013). The effects of different doses of SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate) on swimming performance, haematology parameters and some antioxidan enzyme activities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (Graduate Thesis), Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Hammer, C. (1995). Fatigue and exercise tests with fish. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology.112,1.20. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00360-012-0690-7.
  • Heath, A.G. (1995). Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. 2. ed., CRC Press Inc., Florida.
  • Houston, A.H., Roberts, W.C., & Kennington, J.A. (1996). Hematological response in fish: pronephric and splenic involvements in the goldfish, Carassius auratus L. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 15, 481-489. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01874922.
  • Khunyakari, R.P., Tare, V., & Sharma, R.N. (2001). Effects of some trace heavy metals on Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Journal of Environmental Biology, 22(2), 141-144.
  • Kocabatmaz, M.E., & Ekingen, G. (1984). Blood sample collection in different species of fish and standardization of hematological methods. Nature Science Journal 2, 149-159.
  • Levesque, H.M., Moon, T.W., Campbell, P.G.G., & Hontela, A. (2002). Seasonal variation in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) chronically exposed to metals in the field. Aquatic Toxicology, 60(3-4), 257-267. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00012-7.
  • Mastin, B.J., & Rodgers, J.H. (2000). Toxicity and bioavailability of copper herbicides (Clearigate, Cutrine-plus, copper sulfate) to freshwater animals. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39:445–451. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s002440010126.
  • McKenzie, D.J., Garofalo, E., Winter, M.J., Cerandi, S., Verweij, F., Day, N., Hayes, R., Van der Oost, R., Butler, P.J., Chipma, J.K. & Taylor, E.W. (2007). Complex physiological trait as biomarkers of sub-lethal toxicological effects of pollutant exposure in fishes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 362, 2043–2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2100.
  • Mishra, J., & Srivastava, A.K. (1983). Malathion Iinduced hematological and bichemical changes in the Indian Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Environmental Research 30, 393-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(83)90225-6.
  • Murthy, A.S. (1987). Sub lethal effects of pesticides on fish. Toxicity of pesticide to fish. C. R. S. Press Boca Roton F. I. USA; 4:55-100.
  • Nikl, D.L., & Farrell, A.P. (1993). Reduced swimming performance and gill structural changes in juvenile salmonids exposed to 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole. Aquaic. Toxicology. 27, 245–263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(93)90057-8.
  • Peterson, R.H. (1974). Influence of fenitrothion on swimming velocities of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 31.1757–1762. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1139/f74-223.
  • Reddy, P.M., & Bashamoiden, M.D. (1989). Fenvalarate and Cypermethrin induced changes in the haematological parameters of Cyprinus carpio. Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica,17(1), 101–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19890170116
  • Satake, T., Nuti-Sobrinho, A., Paula-Lopes, O.V., Lopes, R.A., & Leme Dos Santos, H.S. (1986). Haematological study of brazilian fish. III. Blood parameters in armored catfish Hypostomus paulinus Ihering 1905 (Pisces, Loricariidae). Ars Veterinaria, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias “Campus” de Jaboticabal Unesp, 2 (2), Jaboticabal-SP-Brasil, 179-183.
  • Siemering, G.S., David, N., Hayworth, J., Franz, A., & Malamud-Roam, K. (2005) Aquatic pesticide monitoring program literature review. APMP technical report: SFEI Contribution 71. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CA, p 159. Available from http://www.sfei.org/apmp/reports/ 71_APMP_litreview_FINAL.pdf.
  • Singh, H.S. & Reddy, T.V. (1990). Effect of copper sulfate on hematology, blood chemistry, and hepato-somatic index of an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and its recovery. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 20, 30-35. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/0147-6513(90)90043-5.
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Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 245 - 257, 01.09.2017

Arzu Uçar Yavuz Yeğin

https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263

Abstract

References

  • Adeyemo, O., Agbede, S.A, Olaniyan, A.O., & Shoaga, O.A. (2003). The haematological response of Clarias gariepinus to changes in acclimation temperature. The African Journal of biomedical Research, 6, 105-108. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.4314/ajbr.v6i2.54033.
  • Atamanalp, M. (2000). The effects of sublethal doses of cypermethrin on haematological and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (O. mykiss). (PhD Thesis), Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Atamanalp, M. (2015). The effects of different culture methods (cage and pond) on haemoglobin, haematocrit and sediment levels of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 20 (1), Retrieved from http://www.egejfas.org/egejfas/issue/5021/68209.
  • Baltz, D.M., Chesney, E.J., Tarr, M.A., Kolok, A. S., & Bradley, M.J. (2005). Toxicity and sublethal effects of methanol on swimming performance of juvenile Florida pompano. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134, 730–740. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1577/T04-136.1.
  • Beamish, F.W.H. (1978). Swimming Capacity. In Fish Physiology, vol. 7 (ed. W. S. Hoar and D. J.Randall), New York: Academic Press. pp. 101–187.
  • Beaumont, M.W., Butler P.J., & Taylor, E.W. (1995). Exposure of brown trout, Salmo trutta, to sub-lethal copper concentrations in soft acidic water and its effect upon sustained swimming performance. AquaticToxicology, 33(1), 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/0166-445X(95)00007-Q.
  • Blaxhall, P.C., & Daisley, K.W. (1973). Routine haematological methods for use fish with blood. Journal of Fish Biology, 5, 771-781. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x.
  • Brett, J.R. (1964). The respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of young sockeye salmon. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 21, 1183–1226. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1139/f64-103.
  • Brett, J.R., & Glosal, N.R. (1973). Metabolic rates and critical swimming speeds of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to size and temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada 30, 379- 387. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1139/f73-068.
  • Calabrese, A., Thurberg, F.P., Dawson, M.A. & Wenzloff, D.R. (1975). Sublethal physiological stress induced by cadmium and mercury in the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Koemon, J.H. and J.J.T.W.A, Strik (eds.). Sublethal effects of toxic chemicals on aquatic animals. American Elsevier, NY. P. 15-21.
  • Caldwell, C.A. & Hinshaw, J.M. (1995). Tolerance of Rainbow Trout to dissolved oxygen supplementation and a Yersinia ruckeri challenge. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 7, 168-171. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1577/1548-8667(1995)007<0168:CTORTT>2.3.CO;2
  • Campbell, T., & Ellis, C. (2007). Avian and exotic animal hematology and cytology. New York: WileyBlackwell.
  • Casillas, E., & Smith, L.S. (1977). Effect of stress on blood coagulationand haematology in rainbow trout (S. gairdneri). Journal of Fish Biology, 10, 481-494. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04081.x.
  • Cataldı, E.D., Marco, P., Mandıch, A., & Cataudella, S. (1998). Serum parameters of adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii (Pisces: Acipenseriformes): Effects of temperature and stres. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 121A, 351– 354. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S1095-6433(98)10134-4.
  • Chrıstensen, G.M., Mckım, J.M., Brungs, W.A., & Hunt, E.P. (1972). Changes in the blood of the Brown Bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus Lesuer) following short and long term exposure to copper. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 23, 417-427. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/0041-008X(72)90044-0.
  • Cuesta, A., Meseguer, J., & Esteban, M.A. (2011). Immunotoxicological effects of environmental contaminants in teleost fish reared for aquaculture. In: Stoytcheva, M. (Ed.), Pesticides in the Modern World – Risks and Benefits. InTech, pp. 241–255.
  • Cyriac, P.J., Antony, A., & Nambisan, P.N.K. (1989). Hemoglobin and haematocrit values in the fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) after short term exposure to copper and mercury. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 43, 315-320. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01701764.
  • Çelik, E.Ş. (2006). Effect of heavy metals on blood parameters of fish. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi (1/1), 49.
  • Çiltaş, A.K. (2000). The pathogenicity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Brevibacillus agri, Micrococcus lylae strains and clinic and laboratory investigation of these infections on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (Doctoral Thesis), Atatürk University, Turkey, Erzurum.
  • Davison, N.A. (1995). Evaluation of copper and tributylin containing compounds, Environmental Monitoring & Pest Management Branch Department of Pesticide Regulation, EPA, California, 8.
  • Dawson, M.A. (1979). Hematological effects of long-term mercury exposure and subsequent periods of recovery of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. In Vernberg, W.B., Thurberg, F.P., Calabrese, A. and F.J., Vernberg (eds.), Marine pollution: Functional responses, p. 171-182. Acad. Press, NY.
  • Dhanapakiam, P., & Ramasamy, V.K. (2001). Toxic effects of copper and zinc mixtures on some haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.,1758). Journal of Environmental Biology, 22(2), 105-111.
  • Dick, P.T., & Dixon, D.G. (1985). Changes in circulating blood cell levels of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, following acute and chronic exposure to copper. Journal of Fish Bioogy, 26, 475-481. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1985.tb04287.x
  • Elder, J.F., & Horne, A.J., (1978). Copper cycles and CuSO4 algicidal capacity in two California lakes. Environmental Management, 2: 17. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01866443.
  • Engelmann, B., & Massberg, S. (2012). Thrombosis as an intravascular effector of innate immunity. Nature Reviews Immunology, 13.34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3345.
  • Esenbuğa, H. (2013). The effects of different doses of SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate) on swimming performance, haematology parameters and some antioxidan enzyme activities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (Graduate Thesis), Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
  • Hammer, C. (1995). Fatigue and exercise tests with fish. Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology.112,1.20. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s00360-012-0690-7.
  • Heath, A.G. (1995). Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. 2. ed., CRC Press Inc., Florida.
  • Houston, A.H., Roberts, W.C., & Kennington, J.A. (1996). Hematological response in fish: pronephric and splenic involvements in the goldfish, Carassius auratus L. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 15, 481-489. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/BF01874922.
  • Khunyakari, R.P., Tare, V., & Sharma, R.N. (2001). Effects of some trace heavy metals on Poecilia reticulata (Peters). Journal of Environmental Biology, 22(2), 141-144.
  • Kocabatmaz, M.E., & Ekingen, G. (1984). Blood sample collection in different species of fish and standardization of hematological methods. Nature Science Journal 2, 149-159.
  • Levesque, H.M., Moon, T.W., Campbell, P.G.G., & Hontela, A. (2002). Seasonal variation in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) chronically exposed to metals in the field. Aquatic Toxicology, 60(3-4), 257-267. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/S0166-445X(02)00012-7.
  • Mastin, B.J., & Rodgers, J.H. (2000). Toxicity and bioavailability of copper herbicides (Clearigate, Cutrine-plus, copper sulfate) to freshwater animals. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39:445–451. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1007/s002440010126.
  • McKenzie, D.J., Garofalo, E., Winter, M.J., Cerandi, S., Verweij, F., Day, N., Hayes, R., Van der Oost, R., Butler, P.J., Chipma, J.K. & Taylor, E.W. (2007). Complex physiological trait as biomarkers of sub-lethal toxicological effects of pollutant exposure in fishes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 362, 2043–2059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2100.
  • Mishra, J., & Srivastava, A.K. (1983). Malathion Iinduced hematological and bichemical changes in the Indian Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Environmental Research 30, 393-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(83)90225-6.
  • Murthy, A.S. (1987). Sub lethal effects of pesticides on fish. Toxicity of pesticide to fish. C. R. S. Press Boca Roton F. I. USA; 4:55-100.
  • Nikl, D.L., & Farrell, A.P. (1993). Reduced swimming performance and gill structural changes in juvenile salmonids exposed to 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole. Aquaic. Toxicology. 27, 245–263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(93)90057-8.
  • Peterson, R.H. (1974). Influence of fenitrothion on swimming velocities of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 31.1757–1762. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1139/f74-223.
  • Reddy, P.M., & Bashamoiden, M.D. (1989). Fenvalarate and Cypermethrin induced changes in the haematological parameters of Cyprinus carpio. Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica,17(1), 101–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19890170116
  • Satake, T., Nuti-Sobrinho, A., Paula-Lopes, O.V., Lopes, R.A., & Leme Dos Santos, H.S. (1986). Haematological study of brazilian fish. III. Blood parameters in armored catfish Hypostomus paulinus Ihering 1905 (Pisces, Loricariidae). Ars Veterinaria, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias “Campus” de Jaboticabal Unesp, 2 (2), Jaboticabal-SP-Brasil, 179-183.
  • Siemering, G.S., David, N., Hayworth, J., Franz, A., & Malamud-Roam, K. (2005) Aquatic pesticide monitoring program literature review. APMP technical report: SFEI Contribution 71. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Oakland, CA, p 159. Available from http://www.sfei.org/apmp/reports/ 71_APMP_litreview_FINAL.pdf.
  • Singh, H.S. & Reddy, T.V. (1990). Effect of copper sulfate on hematology, blood chemistry, and hepato-somatic index of an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and its recovery. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 20, 30-35. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/0147-6513(90)90043-5.
  • Stoskopf, M. (1993). Anaesthesia. In: L. Brown, Editor, Aquaculture for Veterinarians, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 161–167.
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Arzu Uçar

Yavuz Yeğin This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 17 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Uçar, A., & Yeğin, Y. (2017). THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Studies, 17(3), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263
AMA Uçar A, Yeğin Y. THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AquaST. August 2017;17(3):245-257. doi:10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263
Chicago Uçar, Arzu, and Yavuz Yeğin. “THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)”. Aquaculture Studies 17, no. 3 (August 2017): 245-57. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263.
EndNote Uçar A, Yeğin Y (August 1, 2017) THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Studies 17 3 245–257.
IEEE A. Uçar and Y. Yeğin, “THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss)”, AquaST, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 245–257, 2017, doi: 10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263.
ISNAD Uçar, Arzu - Yeğin, Yavuz. “THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)”. Aquaculture Studies 17/3 (August 2017), 245-257. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263.
JAMA Uçar A, Yeğin Y. THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AquaST. 2017;17:245–257.
MLA Uçar, Arzu and Yavuz Yeğin. “THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)”. Aquaculture Studies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2017, pp. 245-57, doi:10.17693/yunusae.v17i30729.304263.
Vancouver Uçar A, Yeğin Y. THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF COPPER SULPHATE PENTAHYDRATE (CuSO4.5H2O) ON CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED AND HAEMATOLOGY PARAMETERS OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AquaST. 2017;17(3):245-57.