Abstract
Kentsel
büyüme tatlısu kaynaklarına olan ihtiyacı artırmaktadır ve su kentler için
dikkate değer bir öneme sahiptir. Hızlı büyüyen mega kentlerin pek çoğu
kirlilik, ötrofikasyon, atıksu arıtımı eksikliği ve belki de en önemlisi temiz
su eksikliği gibi ciddi su ile ilgili problemlerle karşı karşıyadır. Dünyanın tüm kentsel kısımlarında su
kaynakları verimsiz bir yolla kullanılmaktadır. Bursa, içme suyu ve genel kullanım suyu temini
açısından Türkiye’nin en zengin kentlerinden biridir. Tatlısu kaynaklarının
dışında Bursa kenti termal su kaynakları açısından da zengindir. Bursa, su
kaynakları ve atıksu arıtım faaliyetleri açısından çevreye duyarlı su yönetim
sistemi ve ileri görüşlülüğü ile örnek bir şehirdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin
Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde bulunan ve zengin su kaynakları ile önem arz eden bir
metropolitan kent olan Bursa su tüketimi ve su kaynakları açısından
değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında atıksu arıtım faaliyetleri de
belirtilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Bursa’daki su kaynaklarının ve atıksu arıtım
servislerinin geliştirilmesi ile ilgili çözüm önerileri verilmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Akal Solmaz, S. K. Üstün, G. E. ve Fakı, A. (2003) Losses in drinking water distribution systems; example of Bursa, Turkey, Water Supply and Drainage for Buildings, Proceedings of 29th International Symposium, Ankara, 157-170.
- Alcott, E., Ashton, M. ve Gentry, B. (2013) Natural and Engineered Solutions for Drinking Water Supplies: Lessons from the Northeastern United States and Directions for Global Watershed Management, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
- Ayaz, S. (2010) Preperation of Basin Protection Action Plan Project, Susurluk Basin Final Report, TÜBİTAK, Ankara.
- Bartlett, S. (2003) Water, sanitation and urban children: the need to go beyond “improved” provision”, Environ. Urban., 15, 57–70, doi: 10.1177/095624780301500220
- Bhatia, R. and Falkenmark, M. (1993) Water Resource Policies and the Urban Poor: Innovative Approaches and Policy Imperatives, Water and Sanitation Currents,World Bank, Washington, DC..
- Brown, R.R., Keath, N. and Wong T.H.F. (2009) Urban water management in cities: historical, current and future regimes”, Water Sci. Technol., 59, 847–855, doi: 10.2166/wst.2009.029.
- BUWSA (1992) Bursa Environmental Project, GAST 2, Drinking water and Sewerage Report.
- Chau, K. (1993) Management of limited water resources in Hong Kong, Water Resour. Dev., 9, 65–73, doi: 10.1080/07900629308722574
- CCIB (2003) Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Reports of Chamber of Commerce And Industry, Bursa, Türkiye.
- Falkenmark, M. ve Widstrand, C. (1992) Population and water resources: a delicate balance, Popul. Bull., 47, 1–36.
- GDSHW (1994) General Directorate of State Hydrolic Works, Master Plan of Bursa Water Supply Project and Feasibility Report of Nilüfer Dam, The Ministry of Public Works And Settlement, General Directorate of State Hydrolic Works, Bursa.
- Goel R. S. and Patel V. B (2006) Measures for Water Conservation and Improvement in Water Quality, National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management, Nagpur, 11-12 Nov.
- Howard, G.and Bartram, J. (2003) Domestic Water Quantity, Service, Level and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva,
- MFWA (2008) The Ministry of Forestry And Water Affairs, Capacity Development Project for Water Industry in Turkey, Twinning project, Spain Business Visit, Debriefing of Turkish Committee, T.C. Ministry of Forestry And Water Affairs.
- Mc Donald, R.I., Douglas, I., Grimm, N.B., Hale, R., Revenga, C., Gronwall, J.and Fekete, B. (2011) Implications of fast urban growth for freshwater provision, Ambio, 40, 437–447.
- McDonald, R. I. Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P.A., Gleeson, T., Eckman, S., Lehner, B., Balk, D., Boucher, T., Grill, G. and Montgomery M. (2014) Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure, Global Environmental Change, 27, 96–105, doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022
- MSIT (2016) Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey. https://osbbs.sanayi.gov.tr/default.aspx., 25.04.
- OECD, Environmental Performance Review of Turkey, OECD, Paris.2008.
- Posteli, S.L., Daily, G.C. and Ehrlich, P.R. (1996) Human appropriation of renewable fresh water, Science, 271, 785–788, doi: 10.1126/science.271.5250.785
- RTMD (2001) Population, Demographic Structure, Migration Specialized Commission Report (in Turkish) RTMD: 2556-ÖİK:572, Ankara.
- Sivanappa, R. K. (2006) Rain Water Harvesting, Conservation and Management Strategies for Urban and Rural Sectors, National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management, Nagpur, 11-12 Nov, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4301.8326
- TSI (2016) Population Statistics, Population of provinces by years, 2007-2015, Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1027, 03.05.2016
- Yalılı, M. and Akal Solmaz, S.K. (2004) City of Bursa in the Historical Development Process of Water Supply Systems, Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, Cilt 9, No 1, 171-181, doi: 10.17482/uujfe.36891
Abstract
Urban growth is increasing the demand for
freshwater resources and water is of significant importance for cities. Many
fast growing megacities are facing serious water-related problems including
pollution, eutrophication, missing wastewater treatment and perhaps most
importantly, a severe scarcity of clean water. In the entire urban world, water
resources are used in an inefficient way. Bursa is one of the wealthiest cities
in terms of its supply of drinking and general purpose water in Turkey. Apart
from rich freshwater resources Bursa has also thermal water springs. Bursa can
be a sample city with its environmentally respectful water management system
and foresighting in terms of water resources and wastewater treatment
facilities.In this paper, Bursa a metropolitan city located in South Marmara
Region of Turkey and which has come into prominence with wealthy water
resources was evaluated in terms of water consumption and water resources.
Several recommendations were scrutinised in order to protect current water
capacity and proper usage of water for a planned and well-designed water
management of the city. Wastewater treatment facilities were also stated within
the frame of the paper. This paper concludes by suggesting ways of enhancing
the resources of water and wastewater services in Bursa.
Keywords
References
- Akal Solmaz, S. K. Üstün, G. E. ve Fakı, A. (2003) Losses in drinking water distribution systems; example of Bursa, Turkey, Water Supply and Drainage for Buildings, Proceedings of 29th International Symposium, Ankara, 157-170.
- Alcott, E., Ashton, M. ve Gentry, B. (2013) Natural and Engineered Solutions for Drinking Water Supplies: Lessons from the Northeastern United States and Directions for Global Watershed Management, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
- Ayaz, S. (2010) Preperation of Basin Protection Action Plan Project, Susurluk Basin Final Report, TÜBİTAK, Ankara.
- Bartlett, S. (2003) Water, sanitation and urban children: the need to go beyond “improved” provision”, Environ. Urban., 15, 57–70, doi: 10.1177/095624780301500220
- Bhatia, R. and Falkenmark, M. (1993) Water Resource Policies and the Urban Poor: Innovative Approaches and Policy Imperatives, Water and Sanitation Currents,World Bank, Washington, DC..
- Brown, R.R., Keath, N. and Wong T.H.F. (2009) Urban water management in cities: historical, current and future regimes”, Water Sci. Technol., 59, 847–855, doi: 10.2166/wst.2009.029.
- BUWSA (1992) Bursa Environmental Project, GAST 2, Drinking water and Sewerage Report.
- Chau, K. (1993) Management of limited water resources in Hong Kong, Water Resour. Dev., 9, 65–73, doi: 10.1080/07900629308722574
- CCIB (2003) Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Reports of Chamber of Commerce And Industry, Bursa, Türkiye.
- Falkenmark, M. ve Widstrand, C. (1992) Population and water resources: a delicate balance, Popul. Bull., 47, 1–36.
- GDSHW (1994) General Directorate of State Hydrolic Works, Master Plan of Bursa Water Supply Project and Feasibility Report of Nilüfer Dam, The Ministry of Public Works And Settlement, General Directorate of State Hydrolic Works, Bursa.
- Goel R. S. and Patel V. B (2006) Measures for Water Conservation and Improvement in Water Quality, National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management, Nagpur, 11-12 Nov.
- Howard, G.and Bartram, J. (2003) Domestic Water Quantity, Service, Level and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva,
- MFWA (2008) The Ministry of Forestry And Water Affairs, Capacity Development Project for Water Industry in Turkey, Twinning project, Spain Business Visit, Debriefing of Turkish Committee, T.C. Ministry of Forestry And Water Affairs.
- Mc Donald, R.I., Douglas, I., Grimm, N.B., Hale, R., Revenga, C., Gronwall, J.and Fekete, B. (2011) Implications of fast urban growth for freshwater provision, Ambio, 40, 437–447.
- McDonald, R. I. Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P.A., Gleeson, T., Eckman, S., Lehner, B., Balk, D., Boucher, T., Grill, G. and Montgomery M. (2014) Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure, Global Environmental Change, 27, 96–105, doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022
- MSIT (2016) Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey. https://osbbs.sanayi.gov.tr/default.aspx., 25.04.
- OECD, Environmental Performance Review of Turkey, OECD, Paris.2008.
- Posteli, S.L., Daily, G.C. and Ehrlich, P.R. (1996) Human appropriation of renewable fresh water, Science, 271, 785–788, doi: 10.1126/science.271.5250.785
- RTMD (2001) Population, Demographic Structure, Migration Specialized Commission Report (in Turkish) RTMD: 2556-ÖİK:572, Ankara.
- Sivanappa, R. K. (2006) Rain Water Harvesting, Conservation and Management Strategies for Urban and Rural Sectors, National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management, Nagpur, 11-12 Nov, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4301.8326
- TSI (2016) Population Statistics, Population of provinces by years, 2007-2015, Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1027, 03.05.2016
- Yalılı, M. and Akal Solmaz, S.K. (2004) City of Bursa in the Historical Development Process of Water Supply Systems, Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, Cilt 9, No 1, 171-181, doi: 10.17482/uujfe.36891
Details
| Subjects | Engineering |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 27, 2017 |
| Submission Date | August 8, 2016 |
| Acceptance Date | March 2, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: 1 |
Cite
Cited By
Merkez Kamu Kurumlarındaki Su ve Elektrik Tüketiminde Kurum Yöneticilerinin Rolü: Bursa İli Örneği
Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.552220
BURSA İLİNDE SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENTSEL SU YÖNETİMİ
Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering
Simge SOLAK
https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.463302
Balıkesir Şehrinde Su Tüketimi: Coğrafi Bir Yaklaşım
Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi
Alpaslan Aliağaoğlu
https://doi.org/10.33688/aucbd.593693
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