Research Article
HAM PETROL VE ATIK YAĞ İLE KİRLENMİŞ TOPRAKLARDA ARITMA ÇAMURU UYGULAMASININ ENZİM AKTİVİTELERİNE ETKİSİ
Abstract
Petrol kökenli ürünler
toprak ekosisteminde büyük tahribatlar yaratır. Bu durum, bu maddelerin düşük
biyolojik organik bileşik karışımlarının çoğu zaman potansiyel karsinojenik ve
mutajenik olarak tarif olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Biyolojik parçalanmaya
dayanıklı petrol kökenli hidrokarbonların toprakta birikmesi, enzim
aktiviteleri ve mikroorganizma varlığı gibi biyolojik parametrelerin
değişmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ham petrol ve atık mineral motor yağı
ile seçilen oranlarda (%0,5 ve %5) kirletilen topraklara organik kirleticinin
parçalanmasını kolaylaştırmak amacıyla arıtma çamuru ilave edilmiştir.
Hazırlanan örneklerle 12 aylık bir inkübasyon çalışması yürütülmüş olup seçilen
enzim aktiviteleri (üreaz, dehidrogeneaz, alkali fosfataz, β-glukosidaz)
analizlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, arıtma çamuru ilavesi ham petrol ve
atık yağ ile kirlenmiş topraklarda enzim aktivitelerinin iyileşmesine katkıda
bulunmuştur. Üreaz, alkali fosfataz ve dehidrogenaz aktivitelerinin ham petrol
ve atık mineral yağ kirliliğinden olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edilmiş olup
β-glukosidaz aktivitesinde ise olumsuz bir etki gözlenmemiştir. Ham petrol ve
atık yağ ile kirlenmiş topraklar arasında bir kıyaslama yapıldığında kirletici
tipleri açısından enzim aktiviteleri üzerinde önemli bir farklılık tespit
edilmemiştir.
Keywords
References
- Achuba, F.I., Peretiemo Clarke, B.O. (2008) Effect of spent engine oil on soil catalase and dehydrogenase activities. International Agrophysics, 22, 1-4.
- Anonim, (1985). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Copyright by American Public Health Association, Washington, p. 1269.
- Boonchan, S., Britz, M.L., Stanley, G.A. (2000) Degradation and mineralization of high-Molekular-weight polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons by defined fungal bacterial cocultures. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 66, 3, 1007–1019. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.3.1007-1019.2000
- Bremner, JM, Mulvaney CS (1982) Nitrogen-total. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Agron. Monogr, second ed., vol. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 595-624.
- Brohon, B., Delolme, C., Gourdon, R. (2001) Complementarity of bioassays and microbial activity measurements for the evaluation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33, 883-891. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00234-0
- Caravaca, F., Roldan, A. (2003) Assessing changes in physical and biological properties in a soil contaminated by oil sludges under semiarid Mediterranean condition. Geoderma. 117; 53-61. doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00118-6
- Dick, W.A., Cheng, L., Wang, P. (2000) Soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activity as pH adjustment indicators. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Volume 32 (13): 1915-1919. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00166-8
- Dindar, E. (2008) Arıtma Çamuru Verilen Tarım Topraklarında Solucan Aktivitesinin Azot Formlarına ve Toprak Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, U.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Bursa.
- Dindar, E., Topaç Sağban, F.O., Alkan, U., Başkaya, H.S. (2010) The influence of wastewater sludge amendment on the nitrogen content and urease activity of soil with earthworms. Fresenius Environment Bulletin, 19, 8a, 1655-1660.
- Dindar, E. (2014) Petrol ve Petrol Ürünleriyle Kirlenmiş Toprakların Islahı, Doktora Tezi, U.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Bursa.
- Esen, A. (2010) β-Glucosidases, overview. In: ESEN, A. (Ed), β-Glucosidase: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 1-13.
- Frankenberger, W.T., Johanson, J.B. (1982) Influence of crude oil and refin petroleum products on soil dehydrogenase activity. J. Environ Qualtiy, 11, 602-607. doi:10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100040010x
- Frankenberger, W.T. (1992) The need for a laboratory feasibility study in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, In: E. J. Calabrese andP. T. Kostecki, Eds., Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils and Groundwater, Lewis Publication, Boca Raton, 1992, pp. 237-293.
- Isaac, R.A., Johnson, Jr W.C. (1998) Elemental determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In: Kalra, Y.P. (Ed.), Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA., pp. 165-170.
- Janke, S., Schamber, H., Kunze, C. (1992) Beeinflussung der bodenbiologischen Aktivitat durch Heizöl. Angew. Botanik 66, 42- 45.
- Labud, V., Garcia, C., Hernandez, T. (2007) Effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the microbial properties of a sandy and a clay soil. Chemosphere. 66: 1863-1871. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.021
- Li, G., Xia, X., Yang, Z., Wang, R., Voulvoulis N. (2006) Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China, Environmental Pollution, 144, 985-993. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.047.
- Keeney, D.R., Nelson, D.W. (1982) Nitrogen inorganic forms. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Agron. Monogr, second ed., vol. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 643-698.
- Kızılkaya, R., Arcak, S.,Horuz, A., Karaca A. (1998) Çeltik tarımı yapılan toprakların enzim aktiviteleri üzerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 4,3, 797-804.
- Kirk, J.L., Montoglis, P., Klironomos, J., Lee, H., Trevors, J.T., (2005) Toxicity of diesel fuel to germination,growth and colonization of Glomus intraradices in soil and in vitro transformed carrot root cultures. Plant Soil 270, 23-30.
- Kremer, R.I., Li, J. (2003) Developing weed-suppressive soils through improved soil quality management. Soil Till. Res. 72: 193-202. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(03)00088-6
- Margesin, R., Zimmerbauer, A., Schinner, F. (2000a) Monitoring of bioremediation by soil biological activities. Chemosphere. Vol.40, Issue 4, p. 339-346. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00218-0
- Margesin, R., Walder, G., Schinner, F. (2000b) The impact of hydrocarbon remediation (diesel oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on enzyme activities and microbial properties of soil. Biotechnology.world congress on biotechnology, Berlin, Allemagne. Vol (20),no:3-4,p: 313-333.
- McLean, E.O. (1982) Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, second ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, pp. 199-224
- Mohn, W.W., Stewart, G.R. (2000) Limiting factors for hydrocarbon biodegradation at low temperature in Arctic soils. Soil Biol Biochem 32(8):1161–1172. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00032-8
- Ndiaye, E.L., Sandeno, J.M., McGrath, D., Dick, R.P., (2000) Integrative biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality. Am. J. Alter. Agric. 15:26–36. doi:10.1017/S0889189300008432
- Nelson, D.W., Sommer, L.E. (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, ASA Monogr, second ed., vol. 9(2). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 539-579.
- Odokuma, L.O., Dickson, A.A. (2003a) Bioremediation of a crude oil polluted tropical mangrove environment. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, vol 7:2, 23-29.doi: 10.4314/jasem.v7i2.17207
- Odokuma, L.O., Dickson, A.A. (2003b) Bioremediation of a crude oil polluted tropical rain Forest soil. Global Journal of Environmental Science. Vol:2, No:1;29-40. doi:10.4314/gjes.v2i1.2403
- Pascual, J.A., Hernandez T., Garcia C. ve ve Ayuso, M., (1998) Enzymatic activities in an arid soil amended with urban organic wastes: Laboratory experiment, Bioresource Technology, 64, 131-138. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00171-5
- Rhoades, J.D., (1982) Cation exchange capacity. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, second ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, pp. 149-158.
- Tabatabai, M.A. (1994) Soil Enzymes, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No:9 (2nd ed.) ASA-SSSA. Madison, Wisconsin. USA, p. 903-943.
- Van Hamme J. D., Singh A., Ward O. P. (2003) Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., Cilt 67, No. 4, s.503-549. doi:10.1128/MMBR.67.4.503-549.2003
- Van der Waarde, J.J.V., Dijkhuis, E.L., Henssen, M.J.C. and Keuning, S. (1995) Enzyme assays as indicators for biodegradation. In van den Brinck, W. J., Bomsan, R., Arendt, F. (Eds.). Contaminated Soil’95. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1995, pp. 1377-1378.
- Wyszkowska, J., Kucharski, J. (2004) The biochemical properties of soil contaminated by diesel oil and the yield of yellow lupin. Roez. Glebozn. 50, 299.
- Wyszkowska, J., Kucharski, J. (2005) Correlation between the number of microorganisms and soil contamination with diesel oil . Pol. J. Environ. St. 14 (3) 359.
- Wyszkowska, J.,. Kucharski , M., Kucharski, J. (2006) Application of the activity of soil enzymes in the Evaluation of soil contamination. Pol J Environ Stud, 3, 501–506.
- Yılmaz M. (2012) The energy potential of Turkey and its importance of renewable energy sources in terms of electricity production, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 4(2), 33-54.
The Effect of Wastewater Sludge on Soil Enzyme Activities in Soil Contaminated with Crude Oil and Waste Engine Oil
Abstract
Petroleum products cause great devastation in soil ecosystems. This
results from the fact that these substances are mixtures of organic compounds
with a low bioavailability, often described as potentially carcinogenic and
mutagenic. As a result of the high potential of petroleum hydrocarbons to
accumulate in the soil environment, together with their resistance to
biodegradation, these compounds cause substantial changes in biological
parameters, such as enzymatic activity and abundance of microbes. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the effects of different types of hydrocarbon pollution (crude oil and
waste engine oil) on soil enzyme activities at the end of incubation period of
12 months. The possible use of wastewater sludge as a biostimulating agent in
petroleum-contaminated soils was also evaluated. Enhanced enzyme activity
levels in contaminated soils indicated that crude oil and waste engine oil
appeared to stimulate microbial growth and enzyme activity in the soil
environment. Results showed that hydrocarbon contamination inhibited enzymatic
activities (except β-glucosidase) in all the amended soil samples. The effect of wastewater sludge amendment on
soil enzymes in polluted soil appears to depend on contaminant dose and the
origin of the petroleum product.
References
- Achuba, F.I., Peretiemo Clarke, B.O. (2008) Effect of spent engine oil on soil catalase and dehydrogenase activities. International Agrophysics, 22, 1-4.
- Anonim, (1985). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Copyright by American Public Health Association, Washington, p. 1269.
- Boonchan, S., Britz, M.L., Stanley, G.A. (2000) Degradation and mineralization of high-Molekular-weight polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons by defined fungal bacterial cocultures. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 66, 3, 1007–1019. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.3.1007-1019.2000
- Bremner, JM, Mulvaney CS (1982) Nitrogen-total. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2, Agron. Monogr, second ed., vol. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 595-624.
- Brohon, B., Delolme, C., Gourdon, R. (2001) Complementarity of bioassays and microbial activity measurements for the evaluation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33, 883-891. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00234-0
- Caravaca, F., Roldan, A. (2003) Assessing changes in physical and biological properties in a soil contaminated by oil sludges under semiarid Mediterranean condition. Geoderma. 117; 53-61. doi:10.1016/S0016-7061(03)00118-6
- Dick, W.A., Cheng, L., Wang, P. (2000) Soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activity as pH adjustment indicators. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Volume 32 (13): 1915-1919. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00166-8
- Dindar, E. (2008) Arıtma Çamuru Verilen Tarım Topraklarında Solucan Aktivitesinin Azot Formlarına ve Toprak Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, U.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Bursa.
- Dindar, E., Topaç Sağban, F.O., Alkan, U., Başkaya, H.S. (2010) The influence of wastewater sludge amendment on the nitrogen content and urease activity of soil with earthworms. Fresenius Environment Bulletin, 19, 8a, 1655-1660.
- Dindar, E. (2014) Petrol ve Petrol Ürünleriyle Kirlenmiş Toprakların Islahı, Doktora Tezi, U.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı Bursa.
- Esen, A. (2010) β-Glucosidases, overview. In: ESEN, A. (Ed), β-Glucosidase: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 1-13.
- Frankenberger, W.T., Johanson, J.B. (1982) Influence of crude oil and refin petroleum products on soil dehydrogenase activity. J. Environ Qualtiy, 11, 602-607. doi:10.2134/jeq1982.00472425001100040010x
- Frankenberger, W.T. (1992) The need for a laboratory feasibility study in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, In: E. J. Calabrese andP. T. Kostecki, Eds., Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils and Groundwater, Lewis Publication, Boca Raton, 1992, pp. 237-293.
- Isaac, R.A., Johnson, Jr W.C. (1998) Elemental determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In: Kalra, Y.P. (Ed.), Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA., pp. 165-170.
- Janke, S., Schamber, H., Kunze, C. (1992) Beeinflussung der bodenbiologischen Aktivitat durch Heizöl. Angew. Botanik 66, 42- 45.
- Labud, V., Garcia, C., Hernandez, T. (2007) Effect of hydrocarbon pollution on the microbial properties of a sandy and a clay soil. Chemosphere. 66: 1863-1871. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.08.021
- Li, G., Xia, X., Yang, Z., Wang, R., Voulvoulis N. (2006) Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China, Environmental Pollution, 144, 985-993. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.047.
- Keeney, D.R., Nelson, D.W. (1982) Nitrogen inorganic forms. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Agron. Monogr, second ed., vol. 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 643-698.
- Kızılkaya, R., Arcak, S.,Horuz, A., Karaca A. (1998) Çeltik tarımı yapılan toprakların enzim aktiviteleri üzerine toprak özelliklerinin etkisi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 4,3, 797-804.
- Kirk, J.L., Montoglis, P., Klironomos, J., Lee, H., Trevors, J.T., (2005) Toxicity of diesel fuel to germination,growth and colonization of Glomus intraradices in soil and in vitro transformed carrot root cultures. Plant Soil 270, 23-30.
- Kremer, R.I., Li, J. (2003) Developing weed-suppressive soils through improved soil quality management. Soil Till. Res. 72: 193-202. doi:10.1016/S0167-1987(03)00088-6
- Margesin, R., Zimmerbauer, A., Schinner, F. (2000a) Monitoring of bioremediation by soil biological activities. Chemosphere. Vol.40, Issue 4, p. 339-346. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00218-0
- Margesin, R., Walder, G., Schinner, F. (2000b) The impact of hydrocarbon remediation (diesel oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on enzyme activities and microbial properties of soil. Biotechnology.world congress on biotechnology, Berlin, Allemagne. Vol (20),no:3-4,p: 313-333.
- McLean, E.O. (1982) Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, second ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, pp. 199-224
- Mohn, W.W., Stewart, G.R. (2000) Limiting factors for hydrocarbon biodegradation at low temperature in Arctic soils. Soil Biol Biochem 32(8):1161–1172. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00032-8
- Ndiaye, E.L., Sandeno, J.M., McGrath, D., Dick, R.P., (2000) Integrative biological indicators for detecting change in soil quality. Am. J. Alter. Agric. 15:26–36. doi:10.1017/S0889189300008432
- Nelson, D.W., Sommer, L.E. (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, ASA Monogr, second ed., vol. 9(2). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 539-579.
- Odokuma, L.O., Dickson, A.A. (2003a) Bioremediation of a crude oil polluted tropical mangrove environment. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, vol 7:2, 23-29.doi: 10.4314/jasem.v7i2.17207
- Odokuma, L.O., Dickson, A.A. (2003b) Bioremediation of a crude oil polluted tropical rain Forest soil. Global Journal of Environmental Science. Vol:2, No:1;29-40. doi:10.4314/gjes.v2i1.2403
- Pascual, J.A., Hernandez T., Garcia C. ve ve Ayuso, M., (1998) Enzymatic activities in an arid soil amended with urban organic wastes: Laboratory experiment, Bioresource Technology, 64, 131-138. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00171-5
- Rhoades, J.D., (1982) Cation exchange capacity. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, second ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, pp. 149-158.
- Tabatabai, M.A. (1994) Soil Enzymes, Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph No:9 (2nd ed.) ASA-SSSA. Madison, Wisconsin. USA, p. 903-943.
- Van Hamme J. D., Singh A., Ward O. P. (2003) Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., Cilt 67, No. 4, s.503-549. doi:10.1128/MMBR.67.4.503-549.2003
- Van der Waarde, J.J.V., Dijkhuis, E.L., Henssen, M.J.C. and Keuning, S. (1995) Enzyme assays as indicators for biodegradation. In van den Brinck, W. J., Bomsan, R., Arendt, F. (Eds.). Contaminated Soil’95. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1995, pp. 1377-1378.
- Wyszkowska, J., Kucharski, J. (2004) The biochemical properties of soil contaminated by diesel oil and the yield of yellow lupin. Roez. Glebozn. 50, 299.
- Wyszkowska, J., Kucharski, J. (2005) Correlation between the number of microorganisms and soil contamination with diesel oil . Pol. J. Environ. St. 14 (3) 359.
- Wyszkowska, J.,. Kucharski , M., Kucharski, J. (2006) Application of the activity of soil enzymes in the Evaluation of soil contamination. Pol J Environ Stud, 3, 501–506.
- Yılmaz M. (2012) The energy potential of Turkey and its importance of renewable energy sources in terms of electricity production, Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi 4(2), 33-54.
There are 38 citations in total.
Details
| Subjects | Engineering |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 10, 2017 |
| Submission Date | August 29, 2016 |
| Acceptance Date | February 23, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: 1 |
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