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Kolza Bitkisine (Brassica napus L.) Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 31 - 37, 30.05.2020

Ali Doğru

Abstract

Brassicacea familyasının bir üyesi olan kolza (Brassica napus), önemli yağ bitkilerinden birisidir. Kolza tek yıllık bir bitkidir ve kromozom sayısı 2n=38’dir. Kolzanın doğada Brassica rapaile Brassica oleraceae’nın (lahana) kendiliğinden melezlenmesi sonucu ortaya çıkan amfidiploid bir tür olduğu bildirilmiştir. Lahananın Akdeniz kökenli bir bitki olmasından dolayı kolzanın orjininin de Güney Avrupa olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Kolza tohumları oldukça yüksek bir yağ verimine sahiptir (%40-44). Diğer tüm bitkisel yağlar içinde en düşük doymuş yağ oranına sahip olması nedeniyle, özellikle bilinçli tüketiciler tarafından tercih edilmektedir. Bu derlemede kolzanın bir tür olarak doğada oluşumu, tarih boyunca ülkemizde ve Dünya’daki kullanım alanları, büyüme karakteristikleri, iklim isteği ve kolza yağının özellikleri tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Brassica napus kanola kolza

Supporting Institution

Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Fonu

Project Number

0201601005

References

  • Abdellatif, A.M.M., Vles, R.O., 1970. Biological effects of dietary rapeseed oil in rats. Nutrition and Metabolism,12: p. 285-291.
  • Anonim, 1992. From rapeseed to canola: the billion dolar success story, National Research Council of Canada, Publication 33537, Saskatoon, Canada, p. 79.
  • Appelqvist, L.A., 1972. Historical background, in Rapeseed: Cultivation, Composition, Processing and Utilization, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 1-8.
  • Ashraf, M., 2001. Relationship between growth and gas exchange characteristics in some salt-tolerant amphidiploid Brassica species in relation to their diploid parents. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 45: p. 155-163.
  • Charron, C.G., Sams, C.E., 1999. Inhibition of Pythiumultimum and Rhizoctania solani by shredded leaves of Brassica species.Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 124: p. 462-467.417.
  • Chew, F.S., 1988. Biological effects of glucosinolates, in Biologically active natural products: Potential use in agriculture. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 155-181.
  • Çalışır, S., Marakoğlu, T., Öğüt, H., Öztürk, Ö., 2005. Physical properties of rapeseed (Brassica napus oleifera L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 69: p. 61-66.
  • Demirtola, A., 1980. Yeni tür kolzaların Türkiye için önemi ve gelişimi. Teknik Gelişim Araştırma Dergisi, p. 5.
  • Despeghel, J.P., 1997. Kanola sempozyumu, Temmuz 1997, Ankara, Türkiye, s. 8-15.
  • Doğru, A., Çakırlar, H., 2005. Determination of photosynthetic efficiency in winter rape plants under high temperature stress by chlorophyll fluorescence. II. International Environmental Protection Symposium, 8-10thSeptember, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey, p. 27.
  • Downey, R.K., Röbbelen, G., 1989. Brassica species, in oil crops of the World. McGraw-Hill Press, New York, p. 339-362.
  • Fahey, J.W., Zalcmann, A.T., Talalay, P., 2001. The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates amon gplants. Phytochemistry, 56: p. 5-51.
  • Gençer, O., 1995. Genel Tarla Bitkileri (Endüstri Bitkileri) Ders Kitabı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 42., Ç. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ofset Atölyesi, Adana.
  • Güneş A., Alpaslan M., İnal A., 2000. Bitki Besleme ve Gübreleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Hedge, I.C., 1976. A systematic and geographical survey of the World Cruciferae, in The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae, Academic Press, New York, p. 1-45.
  • Houtsmuller, U.M.T., Truijk, C.B., Van der Beek, A., 1970. Decrease in rate of ATP synthesis of isolated ratheart mitochondria induced by dietary erucic acid. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 218: p. 564-566.
  • İpkin, B., Koç, E., Üras, A., 1990. Kışlık kolza araştırmaları projesi-enstitü raporu. Akdeniz Tarımsal Arastırma Enstitüsü, Antalya.
  • Kimber, D.S., McGregor, D.I., 1995. Brassica Oil seeds. Production and Utilization. CAB International, Cambridge, p. 3.
  • Kolsarıcı, Ö., Başoglu, F., 1984. Yağ kalitesi ve yağ oranı yüksek kışlık kolza çeşit ve hatlarının verim komponentleri yönünden karşılaştırılması. A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 34: p. 1-2.
  • Kolsarıcı, Ö., Er, C., Tarman, D., 1984. Islah edilmiş kışlık kolza çeşitlerinde verim komponentlerinin karşılaştırılması. A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 35: p. 1-3.
  • Kondra, Z.P., Campbell, D.C., King, J.R., 1983. Temperature effects on germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. and Brassica campestris L.) .Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 63: p. 1063-1065.
  • Lazzeri, L., Tacconi, R., Palmieri, S., 1993. Invitro activity of some glucosinolates and their reaction products towards a population of the nematode Heterodera schachtii. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41: p. 825-829.
  • Marschner, H., 1995. Functions of mineral nutrients: Macronutrients, in Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London, p. 229-312.
  • Mendham, N.J., Shipway, P.A., Scott, R.K., 1981a. The effects of delayed sowing and weather on growth, development and yield of winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of Agricultural Science, 96: p. 389-416.
  • Mendham, N.J., Shipway, P.A., Scott, R.K., 1981b. The effects of seed size, autumn nitrogen and plant population density on there sponse to delayed sowing in winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of AgriculturalScience, 96: 417-428.
  • Mendham, N.J., Salisbury, P.A., 1995. Physiology: Crop development, growth and yield, in Brassica Oilseed. Production and Utilization. CAB International, Cambridge, p. 11-65.
  • Morinaga, T., 1934. Inter specific hybridization in Brassica.VI. Thecytology of F1 hybrids of B. juncea and B. nigra. Cytologia 6: p. 62-67.
  • Oplinger, E.S., Hardman, L.L., Gritton, E.T., Doll, J.D., Kelling, K.A., 1989. Alternative Field Crops Manual (Canola, Rapeseed). University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension, p. 1-13.
  • Ögütçü, Z., Kolsarıcı, Ö., 1979. Kışlık kolza çeşitlerinin Antalya, Edirne ve Ankara şartlarında adaptasyonu. T. C. Gıda-Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlıgı Tarımsal Arastırma Dergisi, 1: p. 175-188.
  • Özgüven, M., 1990. Türkiye’de kolza tarımı, potansiyeli ve geleceği. Toprak Mahsülleri Ofisi Yem Hammaddeleri Toplantısı, T. M. O. Ankara.
  • Palada, M.C., 1996. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.): a versatile tree crop with horticultural potential in the subtropical United States.Hort Science, 31: p. 794, 797.
  • Roine, T., Uksila, E., Teir, H., Rapola, H., 1960. Histo pathological changes in rat sand pigs fed rapeseed oil. Zeitschriftfür Ernaehrungwiss, 1: p. 118-124.
  • Sauer, F.D., Kramer, J.K.G., 1983. The metabolism of docosenoic acids in the heart, in High and lowe rucic acid rapeseed oils. Production, usage, chemistry, and toxicological examinations, Academic Pres, Toronto, Canada, p. 335-354.
  • Schröder-Lembke, G., 1989. Die Entwick lungdes Raps-und-Rübsenanbaus in der deutschen Landwirschaft, VerlagTh. Mann, Gelsenkirschen-Buer, p. 35.
  • Simopoulous, A.P., 1991. Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and growth and development. AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition, 54: p. 438-463.
  • Sovero, M., 1993. Rapeseed, a new oil seed crop for the United States.in New crops, Wiley, New York.
  • Sylvester-Bradley, R., Makepeace, R.J., 1984. A code for stages of development in oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.), Applied Biology, 6: p. 399-419.
  • Weber, J.A., Myers, R., L., Minor, H.C., 1999. Canola: A Promising Oilseed. University of Missouri-Extension, p. 1-6.

An Overview of Rapeseed Plants (Brassicanapus L.)

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 31 - 37, 30.05.2020

Ali Doğru

Abstract

Rape, a member of theBrassicaceae, is one of the most important oil plants. Rape is an annual plant and have 19 chromosome pair (2n=38). It has been reported that rape is an amphidiploid species which has appeared as a result of spontaneous hybridization of Brassica rapa and Brassica oleraceae (cabbage) in nature. Because cabbage is a species originated from Southern Europe, rape has been accepted to be originated from the same area as well. The seeds of rape have a high oil yield (40-44%). Among other vegetable oils, rape oil contain minimum level of saturated oil and therefore it has been preferred by conscious consumers. In this review, formation of the rape as a species in the nature, area of use in our country and in the world through out the history, growth characteristics, climatic requirements and the feature of rape oil have been discussed.

Keywords

Brassica napus Canola Rapeseed

Project Number

0201601005

References

  • Abdellatif, A.M.M., Vles, R.O., 1970. Biological effects of dietary rapeseed oil in rats. Nutrition and Metabolism,12: p. 285-291.
  • Anonim, 1992. From rapeseed to canola: the billion dolar success story, National Research Council of Canada, Publication 33537, Saskatoon, Canada, p. 79.
  • Appelqvist, L.A., 1972. Historical background, in Rapeseed: Cultivation, Composition, Processing and Utilization, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 1-8.
  • Ashraf, M., 2001. Relationship between growth and gas exchange characteristics in some salt-tolerant amphidiploid Brassica species in relation to their diploid parents. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 45: p. 155-163.
  • Charron, C.G., Sams, C.E., 1999. Inhibition of Pythiumultimum and Rhizoctania solani by shredded leaves of Brassica species.Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 124: p. 462-467.417.
  • Chew, F.S., 1988. Biological effects of glucosinolates, in Biologically active natural products: Potential use in agriculture. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 155-181.
  • Çalışır, S., Marakoğlu, T., Öğüt, H., Öztürk, Ö., 2005. Physical properties of rapeseed (Brassica napus oleifera L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 69: p. 61-66.
  • Demirtola, A., 1980. Yeni tür kolzaların Türkiye için önemi ve gelişimi. Teknik Gelişim Araştırma Dergisi, p. 5.
  • Despeghel, J.P., 1997. Kanola sempozyumu, Temmuz 1997, Ankara, Türkiye, s. 8-15.
  • Doğru, A., Çakırlar, H., 2005. Determination of photosynthetic efficiency in winter rape plants under high temperature stress by chlorophyll fluorescence. II. International Environmental Protection Symposium, 8-10thSeptember, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey, p. 27.
  • Downey, R.K., Röbbelen, G., 1989. Brassica species, in oil crops of the World. McGraw-Hill Press, New York, p. 339-362.
  • Fahey, J.W., Zalcmann, A.T., Talalay, P., 2001. The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates amon gplants. Phytochemistry, 56: p. 5-51.
  • Gençer, O., 1995. Genel Tarla Bitkileri (Endüstri Bitkileri) Ders Kitabı. Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 42., Ç. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Ofset Atölyesi, Adana.
  • Güneş A., Alpaslan M., İnal A., 2000. Bitki Besleme ve Gübreleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Hedge, I.C., 1976. A systematic and geographical survey of the World Cruciferae, in The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae, Academic Press, New York, p. 1-45.
  • Houtsmuller, U.M.T., Truijk, C.B., Van der Beek, A., 1970. Decrease in rate of ATP synthesis of isolated ratheart mitochondria induced by dietary erucic acid. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 218: p. 564-566.
  • İpkin, B., Koç, E., Üras, A., 1990. Kışlık kolza araştırmaları projesi-enstitü raporu. Akdeniz Tarımsal Arastırma Enstitüsü, Antalya.
  • Kimber, D.S., McGregor, D.I., 1995. Brassica Oil seeds. Production and Utilization. CAB International, Cambridge, p. 3.
  • Kolsarıcı, Ö., Başoglu, F., 1984. Yağ kalitesi ve yağ oranı yüksek kışlık kolza çeşit ve hatlarının verim komponentleri yönünden karşılaştırılması. A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 34: p. 1-2.
  • Kolsarıcı, Ö., Er, C., Tarman, D., 1984. Islah edilmiş kışlık kolza çeşitlerinde verim komponentlerinin karşılaştırılması. A. Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 35: p. 1-3.
  • Kondra, Z.P., Campbell, D.C., King, J.R., 1983. Temperature effects on germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. and Brassica campestris L.) .Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 63: p. 1063-1065.
  • Lazzeri, L., Tacconi, R., Palmieri, S., 1993. Invitro activity of some glucosinolates and their reaction products towards a population of the nematode Heterodera schachtii. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41: p. 825-829.
  • Marschner, H., 1995. Functions of mineral nutrients: Macronutrients, in Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London, p. 229-312.
  • Mendham, N.J., Shipway, P.A., Scott, R.K., 1981a. The effects of delayed sowing and weather on growth, development and yield of winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of Agricultural Science, 96: p. 389-416.
  • Mendham, N.J., Shipway, P.A., Scott, R.K., 1981b. The effects of seed size, autumn nitrogen and plant population density on there sponse to delayed sowing in winter oil seed rape (Brassica napus). Journal of AgriculturalScience, 96: 417-428.
  • Mendham, N.J., Salisbury, P.A., 1995. Physiology: Crop development, growth and yield, in Brassica Oilseed. Production and Utilization. CAB International, Cambridge, p. 11-65.
  • Morinaga, T., 1934. Inter specific hybridization in Brassica.VI. Thecytology of F1 hybrids of B. juncea and B. nigra. Cytologia 6: p. 62-67.
  • Oplinger, E.S., Hardman, L.L., Gritton, E.T., Doll, J.D., Kelling, K.A., 1989. Alternative Field Crops Manual (Canola, Rapeseed). University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension, p. 1-13.
  • Ögütçü, Z., Kolsarıcı, Ö., 1979. Kışlık kolza çeşitlerinin Antalya, Edirne ve Ankara şartlarında adaptasyonu. T. C. Gıda-Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlıgı Tarımsal Arastırma Dergisi, 1: p. 175-188.
  • Özgüven, M., 1990. Türkiye’de kolza tarımı, potansiyeli ve geleceği. Toprak Mahsülleri Ofisi Yem Hammaddeleri Toplantısı, T. M. O. Ankara.
  • Palada, M.C., 1996. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.): a versatile tree crop with horticultural potential in the subtropical United States.Hort Science, 31: p. 794, 797.
  • Roine, T., Uksila, E., Teir, H., Rapola, H., 1960. Histo pathological changes in rat sand pigs fed rapeseed oil. Zeitschriftfür Ernaehrungwiss, 1: p. 118-124.
  • Sauer, F.D., Kramer, J.K.G., 1983. The metabolism of docosenoic acids in the heart, in High and lowe rucic acid rapeseed oils. Production, usage, chemistry, and toxicological examinations, Academic Pres, Toronto, Canada, p. 335-354.
  • Schröder-Lembke, G., 1989. Die Entwick lungdes Raps-und-Rübsenanbaus in der deutschen Landwirschaft, VerlagTh. Mann, Gelsenkirschen-Buer, p. 35.
  • Simopoulous, A.P., 1991. Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and growth and development. AmericanJournal of Clinical Nutrition, 54: p. 438-463.
  • Sovero, M., 1993. Rapeseed, a new oil seed crop for the United States.in New crops, Wiley, New York.
  • Sylvester-Bradley, R., Makepeace, R.J., 1984. A code for stages of development in oil seed rape (Brassica napus L.), Applied Biology, 6: p. 399-419.
  • Weber, J.A., Myers, R., L., Minor, H.C., 1999. Canola: A Promising Oilseed. University of Missouri-Extension, p. 1-6.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Botany
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali Doğru

Project Number 0201601005
Publication Date May 30, 2020
Submission Date January 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Doğru, A. (2020). Kolza Bitkisine (Brassica napus L.) Genel Bir Bakış. Uluslararası Anadolu Ziraat Mühendisliği Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 31-37.
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