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Kabuk Bağlama Problemli Toprağın Kırılma Değeri ve Agregat Stabilitesi Üzerine Biyokömür Uygulamalarının Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 81 - 86, 25.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.538580

Abstract

Toprakların strüktürel özelliklerinin korunması ve geliştirilmesi, verimli ve sürdürülebilir kullanımına temel oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; farklı dozlarda biyokömür uygulamasının laboratuvar koşullarındaki zayıf strüktürel özelliklere sahip bir toprağın kırılma değeri (KD) ve agregat stabilitesi (AS) değeri üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Denemede, toprağa 0 (kontrol), 5, 10, 20 ve 40 g/kg oranlarında biyokömür uygulanmış ve 30 gün boyunca inkübe edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, biyokömür uygulamaları toprağın hem kırılma değerini hem de agregat stabilitesi değerini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. 5, 10, 20 ve 40 g/kg biyokömür dozları toprağın kırılma değerini sırasıyla %9, %26, %42 ve %61 oranlarında azaltırken, agregat stabilitesi değerini ise sırasıyla %3, %27, %178 ve %189 oranında artırmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda; bir toprak düzenleyicisi olarak bilinen biyokömürün toprak yapısını kısa sürede iyileştirme potansiyeline sahip umut verici bir tarımsal uygulama olduğu belirlenmiştir

References

  • Annabi M, Le Bissonnais Y, Le Villio-Poitrenaud M, and Houot S (2011). Improvement of soil aggregate stability by repeated applications of organic amendments to a cultivated silty loam soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 144: 382-389.
  • Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, Songyikhangsuthor K, Inoue Y, Shiraiwa T, Horie T (2009). Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos: soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research, 111: 81-84.
  • Atkinson CJ, Fitzgerald JD, Hipps NA (2010). Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant and Soil, 337:1-18.
  • Bal L, Şeker C, Ersoy Gümüş İ (2012). Kaymak tabakası oluşumuna fiziko-kimyasal faktörlerin etkileri. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25: 96-103.Bronick CJ, Lal R (2005). Soil structure and management: a review. Geoderma 124, 3–22.
  • Cassel D and Nielsen D (1986). Field capacity and available water capacity. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 – Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 901-926.
  • Chan K, Heenan D, So H (2003). Sequestration of carbon and changes in soil quality under conservation tillage on light-textured soils in Australia: a review. Animal Production Science, 43: 325-334.
  • Chan KY, Van Zwieten EL, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S (2007). Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 45: 629-634.
  • Devereux, RC, Sturrock, CJ, Mooney, SJ (2012). The effects of biochar on soil physical properties and winter wheat growth. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 103: 13-18.
  • Doran JW, Zeiss MR (2000). Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality. Applied Soil Ecology, 15: 3-11.
  • Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P (2009). Physical properties of biochar. In: Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (Eds.), Biochar for Environmental Management-Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, pp. 227-249.
  • Ferreras L, Gomez E, Toresani S, Firpo I, Rotondo, R (2006). Effect of organic amendments on some physical, chemical and biological properties in a horticultural soil. Bioresource Techonology, 97: 635-640.
  • Garc ́ıa-Ruiz JM, Lopez-Moreno JI, Vicente-Serrano SM, ́Lasanta T, Beguer ́ıa S (2011). Mediterranean water resources in a global change scenario. Earth-Science Reviews, 105: 121-39.
  • Gee GW, Bauder JW, Klute A (1986). Particle-size analysis, Methods of soil analysis. Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 383–411.
  • Glaser, B, Lehmann, Jand, Zech, W (2002). “Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal – A review”. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35: 219-230.
  • Grandy AS, Porter GA, Erich MS (2002). Organic amendment and rotation crop effects on the recovery of soil organic matter and aggregation in potato cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66: 1311-1319.
  • Gugino B, Idowu O, Schindelbeck R, Van Es H, Moebius-Clune B, Wolfe D, Thies J, Abawi G (2009). Cornell soil health assessment training manual. Edition 2.0, Cornell University, Geneva, NY.
  • Gümüs I, Seker C (2015). Influence of humic acid applications on modulus of rupture, aggregate stability, electrical conductivity, carbon and nitrogen content of a crusting problem soil. Solid Earth, 6: 1231-1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-1231.
  • Gümüs I, Seker C (2017). Effects of spent mushroom compost application on the physicochemical properties of a degraded soil. Solid Earth, 8: 1153-1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1153.
  • Hardie M, Clothier B, Bound S, Oliver G, Close D (2013). Does biochar influence soil physical properties and soil water availability? Plant and Soil, 376: 347-361.
  • Herath HMSK, Camps-Arbestain M, Hedley M (2013). Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: An Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209-210: 188-197.
  • Hueso-González P, Martínez-Murillo JF and Ruiz-Sinoga JD (2014). The impact of organic amendments on forest soil properties under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Land Degradation & Development, 25: 604-612, doi: 10.1002/ldr.2296.
  • İç S, Gülser C (2008). Tütün atığının farklı bünyeli toprakların bazı kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2): 104-109.
  • Kemper WD, Rosenau RC (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Methods of Soil analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods (2nd Edition). Agronomy Monograph, No. 9, pp. 425-442.
  • LECO Corporation (2003). Truspec carbon/nitrogen determinator. Leco Corporation 3000. Lakeview Avenue, St Jeseph, M1 49085-2396, USA.
  • Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M (2006). Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, A review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11: 403-427.
  • Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC, Crowley D (2011). Biochar effects on soil biotaea review. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 43: 1812-1836.
  • Lin Y, Munroe P, Joseph S, Henderson R (2012) Migration of dissolved organic carbon in biochars and biochar-mineral complexes, Pesqui. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira–PAB, 47: 677-686.
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42:421-428.
  • Major J, Steiner C, Downie A, Lehmann J (2009). Biochar effects on nutrient leaching. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S (eds) Biochar for Environmental Management. Earthscan Publications Ltd. ISBN: 9781844076581, pp: 271-287.
  • Martínez-Blanco J, Munoz P, Antón A, Rieradevall J (2011). Assessment of tomato Mediterranean production in open-field and standard multi-tunnel greenhouse, with compost or mineral fertilizers, from an agricultural and environmental standpoint. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19: 985-997.
  • Minitab C (1991). Minitab reference manual (Release 7.1). State Coll., PA16801, USA. Negiş H, Şeker C, Gümüş İ (2016). Dönemsel tarla trafiğinin şeker pancarı tarımında toprak sıkışmasına etkisi. Selçuk Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1): 103-107.
  • Reeve R (1965). Modulus of rupture, methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling, 466-471.
  • Rodrigo Comino J, Ruiz Sinoga JD, Senciales Gonzàles JM, Guerra-Merchàn A, Seeger M, Ries JB (2016). High variability of soil erosion and hydrological processes in Mediterranean hill- slope vineyards (Montes de Málaga, Spain). Catena, 145: 274-284. doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.06.012.
  • Rodrigo Comino J, Senciales Gonzjles JM, Ramos MC, Martínez-Casasnovas JA, Lasanta T, Brevik EC, Ruiz Sinoga JD (2017). Understanding soil erosion processes in Mediter- ranean sloping vineyards (Montes de Málaga, Spain). Geoderma, 296: 47-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.02.021.
  • Ryan J, Estafan G, Raşhid A (2001). Soil and plant analysis laboratory manuel. 2 nd. Ed. ICARDA and NARS, Aleppo, Syria.Six J, Elliot ET, Paustian K (2000). Soil structure and soil organic matter: a normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64: 1042-1049.
  • Sohi S, Lopez-Capel E, Krull E, Bol R (2009). Biochar, climate change and soil: a review to guide future research. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report, 5:17-31.
  • Sun F, Lu S (2014). Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore-space properties of clayey soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177 (1): 26-33.
  • Şeker C (2003). Effects of selected amendments on soil properties and emergence of wheat seedlings. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 83:615-621.
  • Şeker C, Karakaplan S (1999). Konya ovasında toprak özellikleri ile kırılma değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Turkish Journal of Agriculture And Forestry, 23:183-190.
  • Verheijen F, Jeffery S, Bastos AC, Van der Velde M, Diafas F (2010). Biochar application to soils. A critical scientific review of effects on soil properties, processes, and functions. EUR 24099 EN Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, p. 149.
  • Verhulst N, Govaert B, Verachtert E, Castellanos-Navarrete A, Mezzalama M, Wall P, Chocobar A, Deckers J, Sayre KD (2010). Conservation agriculture, improving soil quality for sustainable production systems. In: Lal R, Stewart BA, editors. Advances in soil science: food security and soil quality. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. 137. C208.
  • Yamato M, Okimori Y, Wibowo IF, Anshori S, Ogawa M (2006). Effects of the application of charred bark of Acacia mangiumon the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut, and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52, 489-495.

The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 81 - 86, 25.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.538580

Abstract

Protecting and improving the structural properties of soil constitutes the basis for the efficient and sustainable utilization. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of biochar application with different rates on aggregate stability (AS) and modulus of rupture (MR) of a poorly structured soil under laboratory conditions. During the experiment, 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, and 40 g/kg biochar rates were applied to soil and then incubated for 30 days. According to the results, biochar applications significantly affected both modulus of rupture and aggregate stability values of the soil. However 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg rates of biochar decreased soil modulus of rupture by 9%, 26%, 42% and 61% respectively, increased aggregate stability values by 3%, 27%, 178% and 189% respectively compared with the control. According to finding obtained from the research, biochar which is known as a soil amendment was determined to be a promising agricultural practice for improving soil structure in the short period of time.

References

  • Annabi M, Le Bissonnais Y, Le Villio-Poitrenaud M, and Houot S (2011). Improvement of soil aggregate stability by repeated applications of organic amendments to a cultivated silty loam soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 144: 382-389.
  • Asai H, Samson BK, Stephan HM, Songyikhangsuthor K, Inoue Y, Shiraiwa T, Horie T (2009). Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos: soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research, 111: 81-84.
  • Atkinson CJ, Fitzgerald JD, Hipps NA (2010). Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant and Soil, 337:1-18.
  • Bal L, Şeker C, Ersoy Gümüş İ (2012). Kaymak tabakası oluşumuna fiziko-kimyasal faktörlerin etkileri. Selçuk Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 25: 96-103.Bronick CJ, Lal R (2005). Soil structure and management: a review. Geoderma 124, 3–22.
  • Cassel D and Nielsen D (1986). Field capacity and available water capacity. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 – Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 901-926.
  • Chan K, Heenan D, So H (2003). Sequestration of carbon and changes in soil quality under conservation tillage on light-textured soils in Australia: a review. Animal Production Science, 43: 325-334.
  • Chan KY, Van Zwieten EL, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S (2007). Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 45: 629-634.
  • Devereux, RC, Sturrock, CJ, Mooney, SJ (2012). The effects of biochar on soil physical properties and winter wheat growth. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 103: 13-18.
  • Doran JW, Zeiss MR (2000). Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality. Applied Soil Ecology, 15: 3-11.
  • Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P (2009). Physical properties of biochar. In: Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (Eds.), Biochar for Environmental Management-Science and Technology. Earthscan, London, pp. 227-249.
  • Ferreras L, Gomez E, Toresani S, Firpo I, Rotondo, R (2006). Effect of organic amendments on some physical, chemical and biological properties in a horticultural soil. Bioresource Techonology, 97: 635-640.
  • Garc ́ıa-Ruiz JM, Lopez-Moreno JI, Vicente-Serrano SM, ́Lasanta T, Beguer ́ıa S (2011). Mediterranean water resources in a global change scenario. Earth-Science Reviews, 105: 121-39.
  • Gee GW, Bauder JW, Klute A (1986). Particle-size analysis, Methods of soil analysis. Part 1, Physical and Mineralogical Methods, 383–411.
  • Glaser, B, Lehmann, Jand, Zech, W (2002). “Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal – A review”. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35: 219-230.
  • Grandy AS, Porter GA, Erich MS (2002). Organic amendment and rotation crop effects on the recovery of soil organic matter and aggregation in potato cropping systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66: 1311-1319.
  • Gugino B, Idowu O, Schindelbeck R, Van Es H, Moebius-Clune B, Wolfe D, Thies J, Abawi G (2009). Cornell soil health assessment training manual. Edition 2.0, Cornell University, Geneva, NY.
  • Gümüs I, Seker C (2015). Influence of humic acid applications on modulus of rupture, aggregate stability, electrical conductivity, carbon and nitrogen content of a crusting problem soil. Solid Earth, 6: 1231-1236, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-1231.
  • Gümüs I, Seker C (2017). Effects of spent mushroom compost application on the physicochemical properties of a degraded soil. Solid Earth, 8: 1153-1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1153.
  • Hardie M, Clothier B, Bound S, Oliver G, Close D (2013). Does biochar influence soil physical properties and soil water availability? Plant and Soil, 376: 347-361.
  • Herath HMSK, Camps-Arbestain M, Hedley M (2013). Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: An Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209-210: 188-197.
  • Hueso-González P, Martínez-Murillo JF and Ruiz-Sinoga JD (2014). The impact of organic amendments on forest soil properties under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Land Degradation & Development, 25: 604-612, doi: 10.1002/ldr.2296.
  • İç S, Gülser C (2008). Tütün atığının farklı bünyeli toprakların bazı kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2): 104-109.
  • Kemper WD, Rosenau RC (1986). Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Methods of Soil analysis, Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods (2nd Edition). Agronomy Monograph, No. 9, pp. 425-442.
  • LECO Corporation (2003). Truspec carbon/nitrogen determinator. Leco Corporation 3000. Lakeview Avenue, St Jeseph, M1 49085-2396, USA.
  • Lehmann J, Gaunt J, Rondon M (2006). Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, A review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11: 403-427.
  • Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC, Crowley D (2011). Biochar effects on soil biotaea review. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 43: 1812-1836.
  • Lin Y, Munroe P, Joseph S, Henderson R (2012) Migration of dissolved organic carbon in biochars and biochar-mineral complexes, Pesqui. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira–PAB, 47: 677-686.
  • Lindsay WL, Norvell WA (1978) Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42:421-428.
  • Major J, Steiner C, Downie A, Lehmann J (2009). Biochar effects on nutrient leaching. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S (eds) Biochar for Environmental Management. Earthscan Publications Ltd. ISBN: 9781844076581, pp: 271-287.
  • Martínez-Blanco J, Munoz P, Antón A, Rieradevall J (2011). Assessment of tomato Mediterranean production in open-field and standard multi-tunnel greenhouse, with compost or mineral fertilizers, from an agricultural and environmental standpoint. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19: 985-997.
  • Minitab C (1991). Minitab reference manual (Release 7.1). State Coll., PA16801, USA. Negiş H, Şeker C, Gümüş İ (2016). Dönemsel tarla trafiğinin şeker pancarı tarımında toprak sıkışmasına etkisi. Selçuk Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1): 103-107.
  • Reeve R (1965). Modulus of rupture, methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling, 466-471.
  • Rodrigo Comino J, Ruiz Sinoga JD, Senciales Gonzàles JM, Guerra-Merchàn A, Seeger M, Ries JB (2016). High variability of soil erosion and hydrological processes in Mediterranean hill- slope vineyards (Montes de Málaga, Spain). Catena, 145: 274-284. doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.06.012.
  • Rodrigo Comino J, Senciales Gonzjles JM, Ramos MC, Martínez-Casasnovas JA, Lasanta T, Brevik EC, Ruiz Sinoga JD (2017). Understanding soil erosion processes in Mediter- ranean sloping vineyards (Montes de Málaga, Spain). Geoderma, 296: 47-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.02.021.
  • Ryan J, Estafan G, Raşhid A (2001). Soil and plant analysis laboratory manuel. 2 nd. Ed. ICARDA and NARS, Aleppo, Syria.Six J, Elliot ET, Paustian K (2000). Soil structure and soil organic matter: a normalized stability index and the effect of mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64: 1042-1049.
  • Sohi S, Lopez-Capel E, Krull E, Bol R (2009). Biochar, climate change and soil: a review to guide future research. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report, 5:17-31.
  • Sun F, Lu S (2014). Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore-space properties of clayey soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 177 (1): 26-33.
  • Şeker C (2003). Effects of selected amendments on soil properties and emergence of wheat seedlings. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 83:615-621.
  • Şeker C, Karakaplan S (1999). Konya ovasında toprak özellikleri ile kırılma değerleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Turkish Journal of Agriculture And Forestry, 23:183-190.
  • Verheijen F, Jeffery S, Bastos AC, Van der Velde M, Diafas F (2010). Biochar application to soils. A critical scientific review of effects on soil properties, processes, and functions. EUR 24099 EN Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, p. 149.
  • Verhulst N, Govaert B, Verachtert E, Castellanos-Navarrete A, Mezzalama M, Wall P, Chocobar A, Deckers J, Sayre KD (2010). Conservation agriculture, improving soil quality for sustainable production systems. In: Lal R, Stewart BA, editors. Advances in soil science: food security and soil quality. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. 137. C208.
  • Yamato M, Okimori Y, Wibowo IF, Anshori S, Ogawa M (2006). Effects of the application of charred bark of Acacia mangiumon the yield of maize, cowpea and peanut, and soil chemical properties in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 52, 489-495.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İlknur Gümüş 0000-0002-9689-8999

Hamza Negiş 0000-0002-9689-8999

Cevdet Şeker 0000-0002-9689-8999

Publication Date September 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gümüş, İ., Negiş, H., & Şeker, C. (2019). The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems. Toprak Su Dergisi, 8(2), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.538580
AMA Gümüş İ, Negiş H, Şeker C. The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems. SWJ. September 2019;8(2):81-86. doi:10.21657/topraksu.538580
Chicago Gümüş, İlknur, Hamza Negiş, and Cevdet Şeker. “The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems”. Toprak Su Dergisi 8, no. 2 (September 2019): 81-86. https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.538580.
EndNote Gümüş İ, Negiş H, Şeker C (September 1, 2019) The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems. Toprak Su Dergisi 8 2 81–86.
IEEE İ. Gümüş, H. Negiş, and C. Şeker, “The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems”, SWJ, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 81–86, 2019, doi: 10.21657/topraksu.538580.
ISNAD Gümüş, İlknur et al. “The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems”. Toprak Su Dergisi 8/2 (September 2019), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.21657/topraksu.538580.
JAMA Gümüş İ, Negiş H, Şeker C. The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems. SWJ. 2019;8:81–86.
MLA Gümüş, İlknur et al. “The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems”. Toprak Su Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2019, pp. 81-86, doi:10.21657/topraksu.538580.
Vancouver Gümüş İ, Negiş H, Şeker C. The Influence of Biochar Applications on Modulus of Rupture and Aggregate Stability of the Soil Possessing Crusting Problems. SWJ. 2019;8(2):81-6.
Kapak Tasarım : Hüseyin Oğuzhan BEŞEN
Grafik Tasarım : Filiz ERYILMAZ
Basım Yeri : Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı - Eğitim Yayım ve Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı
İvedik Caddesi Bankacılar Sokak No : 10 Yenimahalle, Ankara Türkiye