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Esansiyel Yağlar için Distilasyon Yöntemleri

Year 2019, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 22 - 31, 30.04.2019

Ahmet Akdağ Ergin Öztürk

Abstract

Esansiyel yağların elde
edilmesi için kullanılan yöntemler basit, ayrımsal, vakum, su buharı
destilasyonu ve mikro dalga destekli hidrodestilasyon olarak
sınıflandırılabilir. Damıtma yöntemleri temelde kaynama derecesi farkına ve su
buharının çözücü ve taşıyıcı etkisine dayanmaktadır. Vakum, sürecin
hızlandırılması için kullanılmaktadır. Yöntemlerin başarısı vaks, flavonoid ve
coumarin gibi istenmeyen bileşiklerin, elde edilen esansiyel yağ içerisindeki
mevcudiyeti ve ne sebeple olursa olsun etken maddelerde meydana gelen
hasarlarla ilişkilidir. Düşük sıcaklıkta uygulanan su buharı destilasyonu etken
maddelerde meydana gelen hasar ve bozulmaların önüne geçse de istenmeyen
bileşiklerin esansiyel yağda bulunmasını engelleyememektedir. Mikrodalga
destekli hidrodistilasyon, yeni ve yüksek derecede saflık sağlanabilen bir
teknolojidir. Ancak esansiyel yağların ticari üretiminde kullanımı henüz tam
olarak oturtulamamıştır. Esansiyel yağlar yalnız sağlık ve gıda alanlarında
değil aynı zamanda gıda ve yem katkı maddesi olarak da yüksek bir kullanım
potansiyeli taşımaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında distilasyon yöntemlerinin
birbirlerine karşı avantaj, dezavantajları ve etken madde miktar ve kalitesi
üzerine etkilerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. 

Keywords

Mikrodalga destekli distilasyon su distilasyonu super kritik sıvı ekstraksiyonu tıbbi bitkiler

References

  • Azwanida NN (2015). A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation. Med Aromat Plants 4: 196.
  • Basile A, Jimenez CMM, Clifford AA (1998). Extraction of rosemary by superheated water. J Agric Food Chem. 46:5205-9.
  • Basmacıoğlu H, Tokuşoğlu Ö, Ergül M (2004). The effect of oregano and rosemary essential oils or alpha-tocopheryl acetate on performance and lipid oxidation of meat enriched with n-3 PUFAs in broilers. S. Afr. J. Sci. 34: 197-210.
  • Basmacıoğlu MH, Baysal Ş, Mısırlıoğlu Z, Polat M, Yilmaz H, Turan N (2010). Effects of oregano essential oil with or without feed enzymes on growth performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers fed on a wheat-soybean meal diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 51: 67-80.
  • Başer KHC, Gülbaba AG, Azcan N, Kara M, Kırımer N, Kürkçüoğlu M, Özek T, Özkurt N (1998). Türkiye’de yetiştirilen bazı ökaliptus (Eucalyptus) türlerinin uçucu yağ verim ve bileşimlerinin ve üretim teknolojilerinin belirlenmesi. Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 084, DOA Yayın No: 11, ISSSN: 1300-912, Teknik Bülten No:7, Tarsus.
  • Brenes A and Roura E (2010). Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 158: 1-14.
  • Charles DJ and Simon JE (1990). Comparison of Extraction Methods for the Rapid Determination of Essential Oil Content and Composition of Basil. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 115(3):458-462.
  • Chemat F, Lucchesi ME, Smadja J, Faretto, L, Colnaghi G, Visinoni F (2006). Microwave accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender: A rapid, clean and environmentally friendly approach, Anal. Chim. Acta., 555, 157.
  • Çelik E and Çelik GY (2007). Bitki uçucu yağlarının antimikrobiyal özellikleri. Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 5(2): 1-6.
  • Dang MN, Takácsová M, Nguyen DV, Kristiánová K (2001). Antioxidant activity of essential oils from various spices. Nahrung/Food. 45(1): 64-66
  • Erener G, Altop A, Ocak N, Aksoy HM, Cankaya S, Ozturk E (2010). Influence of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa L.) and Seed Extract on Broilers Performance and Total Coliform Bacteria Count. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 5 (2):128-135.
  • Flamini G, Tebano M, Cioni PL, Ceccarini L, Ricci AS, Longo I (2007). Comparison between the conventional method of extraction of essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. and a novel method which uses microwaves applied in situ, without resorting an oven. Journal of Chromatography A, 1143: 36-40.
  • Franz C, Baser KHC, Windsch W (2010). Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review. Flavour Fragr. J. 25: 327-340.
  • Golmakani MT and Rezaei K (2008). Comparsion of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation with the traditional hydrodistillation method in extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. Food Chemistry 109: 925–930.
  • Grassmann J and Elstner EF (2003). Essential oils/properties and uses. Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (Elsevier Science Ltd.): 2177-2184.
  • Handa SS, Khanuja SPS, Longo G, Rakesh DD (2008) Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (1st edn), no. 66. Italy: United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre for Science and High Technology.
  • Jamroz D, Wiliczkiewicz A, Wertelecki T, Orda Ji Sukorupinska J (2005). Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals. Br Poult Sci., 46: 485-493
  • Jang IS, Ko YH, Kang SY, Lee CY (2007). Effect of a commercial essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 134: 304315.
  • Jimenez CMM, Ubera JL, Luque de Castro MD (1999). Comparison of continuous sub-critical water extraction and hydrodistillation of marjoram essential oil. J. Chromatogr. A 855: 625-632.
  • Kaufmann B and Christen P (2002). Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized solvent extraction. Phytochemistry Analysis, 13: 105-113.
  • -Kılıç A (2008). Uçucu Yağ Elde Etme Yöntemleri, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 10: 37-45.
  • Konanc K. and Ozturk E (2016). Effects of in-ovo ınjection of propolis ethanol extract to the hatching eggs and its addition to offspring diets at post-hatching period on the ımmune system, ıntestinal microflora and fattening performance. 5th Mediterranean Poultry Summit of WPSA, October 20-25, 2016, Italy-Spain-France. Proceedings, Supplement to World's Poultry Science Journal. 72 (Suppl 1):36.
  • Kosar M, Tunalier Z, Özek T, Kürkcüoglu M and Baser KHC (2005). A Simple Method to Obtain Essential oils from Salvia triloba L.and Laurus nobilis L. by Using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation, Z. Naturforsch. 60: 501-504.
  • Küçükyılmaz K, Kıyma Z, Akdağ A, Çetinkaya M, Atalay H, Ateş A, Gürsel FE, Bozkurt M (2017). Effect of lavender (Lavandula Stoechas) essential oil on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and antioxidant status of broilers. South African J Anim Sci 47(2): 178-186.
  • Lucchesi ME, Chemat F, Smadja J (2004). Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1043: 323–327.
  • Luque de Castro MD, Jimenez CMM (1998). Potential of water for continuous automate leaching. Trends Anal Chem 17:441-447.
  • Luque de Castro MD, Jimenez CMM, Fernandez-Prez V (1999). Towards more rational techniques for the isolation of valuable essential oils from plants. Trends Anal. Chem. 19:708-716.
  • Mostafa, K, Yodallah Y, Fatemah S, Naader B (2004). Comparison of essential oil composition of Carum copticum obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods. Food Chemistry, 86: 587-591
  • Öztekin S and Soysal Y (1998). Extraction Methods in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 18. Ulusal Kongresi Tekirdağ.
  • Pare JRJ and Belanger JMR (1997). Instrumental Methods in Food Analysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Sacildi E and Ozturk E (2018). Effects of Garlic and Aged Garlic Extract on Broiler Performance and Shelf Life of the Meat. 2nd International Animal Nutrition Conference. 1-4th November 2018, Kemer, Turkey.
  • Sahin HA and Ozturk E (2018). Effects of raw propolis or water and ethanol extract of propolis on performance, immune system and some blood parameters of broiler breeders. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, RBZ-2017-0161.R3 (in press)
  • Sevinç A and Merdun B (1995). Türkiye’de yetişen uçucu yağ içeren bitkiler ve kullanım alanları. Bitirme Ödevi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.
  • Stashenko EE, Jaramillo BE, Martinez JR (2004a). Analysis of volatile secondary metabolites from Colombian Xylopia aromatic (Lamarck) by different extraction and headspace methods and gas chromatography. Journal of Chormatography A, 1025, 105-113.
  • Stashenko EE, Jaramillo BE, Martinez JR (2004b). Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of volatile secondary metabolites of Lippia alba (Mill) N.E, Brown, grown in Colombia, and evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant actvitiy. Journal of chromatography A, 1025, 93-103.
  • Tongnuanchan P and Benjakul S (2014). Essential Oils: Extraction, Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation. Journal of Food Science. 79(7): 231-249.
  • Wang Z, Ding L, Li T, Zhou X, Wang L, Zhang H, Liu L, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Zeng H, He H (2006). Improved solvent free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried Cuminum cyminum L. and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Journal of chromatography A, 1102, 11-17.

Distillation Methods of Essential Oils

Year 2019, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 22 - 31, 30.04.2019

Ahmet Akdağ Ergin Öztürk

Abstract

Methods used for obtaining essential oils can be ranged as simple,
fractional, vacuum, water-steam distillations and micro-wave assisted hydro
distillation. Distillation methods are mainly based on the difference of
boiling degree or the solvent and transport effect of water-steam. Vacuum can
be used for accelerating the process. The success of the methods is related to
presence of undesirable compounds such as waxes, flavonoids, coumarone and
deterioration rate of active compounds for whatever reason. Low-temperature
water-steam distillation can avoid deteriorations but it cannot block the
presence of the undesirable compounds. Micro-wave assisted hydro distillation
is a new method resulting with the high degree pureness. But this method has
not been placed well in commercial production of essential oils. Essential oils
having a high potential to be used in medical care and food industry are also
used as a feed supplement with the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. It is
aimed to discuss about the advantages, disadvantages of distillation methods
against each other and their effects on quantity and the quality of active
substances in this review.

Keywords

Microwave-assisted extraction supercritical-fluid extraction medicinal plants water extraction

References

  • Azwanida NN (2015). A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation. Med Aromat Plants 4: 196.
  • Basile A, Jimenez CMM, Clifford AA (1998). Extraction of rosemary by superheated water. J Agric Food Chem. 46:5205-9.
  • Basmacıoğlu H, Tokuşoğlu Ö, Ergül M (2004). The effect of oregano and rosemary essential oils or alpha-tocopheryl acetate on performance and lipid oxidation of meat enriched with n-3 PUFAs in broilers. S. Afr. J. Sci. 34: 197-210.
  • Basmacıoğlu MH, Baysal Ş, Mısırlıoğlu Z, Polat M, Yilmaz H, Turan N (2010). Effects of oregano essential oil with or without feed enzymes on growth performance, digestive enzyme, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and immune response of broilers fed on a wheat-soybean meal diets. Br. Poult. Sci. 51: 67-80.
  • Başer KHC, Gülbaba AG, Azcan N, Kara M, Kırımer N, Kürkçüoğlu M, Özek T, Özkurt N (1998). Türkiye’de yetiştirilen bazı ökaliptus (Eucalyptus) türlerinin uçucu yağ verim ve bileşimlerinin ve üretim teknolojilerinin belirlenmesi. Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 084, DOA Yayın No: 11, ISSSN: 1300-912, Teknik Bülten No:7, Tarsus.
  • Brenes A and Roura E (2010). Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 158: 1-14.
  • Charles DJ and Simon JE (1990). Comparison of Extraction Methods for the Rapid Determination of Essential Oil Content and Composition of Basil. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci 115(3):458-462.
  • Chemat F, Lucchesi ME, Smadja J, Faretto, L, Colnaghi G, Visinoni F (2006). Microwave accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender: A rapid, clean and environmentally friendly approach, Anal. Chim. Acta., 555, 157.
  • Çelik E and Çelik GY (2007). Bitki uçucu yağlarının antimikrobiyal özellikleri. Orlab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 5(2): 1-6.
  • Dang MN, Takácsová M, Nguyen DV, Kristiánová K (2001). Antioxidant activity of essential oils from various spices. Nahrung/Food. 45(1): 64-66
  • Erener G, Altop A, Ocak N, Aksoy HM, Cankaya S, Ozturk E (2010). Influence of Black Cumin Seed (Nigella sativa L.) and Seed Extract on Broilers Performance and Total Coliform Bacteria Count. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 5 (2):128-135.
  • Flamini G, Tebano M, Cioni PL, Ceccarini L, Ricci AS, Longo I (2007). Comparison between the conventional method of extraction of essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. and a novel method which uses microwaves applied in situ, without resorting an oven. Journal of Chromatography A, 1143: 36-40.
  • Franz C, Baser KHC, Windsch W (2010). Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review. Flavour Fragr. J. 25: 327-340.
  • Golmakani MT and Rezaei K (2008). Comparsion of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation with the traditional hydrodistillation method in extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. Food Chemistry 109: 925–930.
  • Grassmann J and Elstner EF (2003). Essential oils/properties and uses. Encyclopaedia of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (Elsevier Science Ltd.): 2177-2184.
  • Handa SS, Khanuja SPS, Longo G, Rakesh DD (2008) Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, (1st edn), no. 66. Italy: United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre for Science and High Technology.
  • Jamroz D, Wiliczkiewicz A, Wertelecki T, Orda Ji Sukorupinska J (2005). Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals. Br Poult Sci., 46: 485-493
  • Jang IS, Ko YH, Kang SY, Lee CY (2007). Effect of a commercial essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 134: 304315.
  • Jimenez CMM, Ubera JL, Luque de Castro MD (1999). Comparison of continuous sub-critical water extraction and hydrodistillation of marjoram essential oil. J. Chromatogr. A 855: 625-632.
  • Kaufmann B and Christen P (2002). Recent extraction techniques for natural products: microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized solvent extraction. Phytochemistry Analysis, 13: 105-113.
  • -Kılıç A (2008). Uçucu Yağ Elde Etme Yöntemleri, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 10: 37-45.
  • Konanc K. and Ozturk E (2016). Effects of in-ovo ınjection of propolis ethanol extract to the hatching eggs and its addition to offspring diets at post-hatching period on the ımmune system, ıntestinal microflora and fattening performance. 5th Mediterranean Poultry Summit of WPSA, October 20-25, 2016, Italy-Spain-France. Proceedings, Supplement to World's Poultry Science Journal. 72 (Suppl 1):36.
  • Kosar M, Tunalier Z, Özek T, Kürkcüoglu M and Baser KHC (2005). A Simple Method to Obtain Essential oils from Salvia triloba L.and Laurus nobilis L. by Using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation, Z. Naturforsch. 60: 501-504.
  • Küçükyılmaz K, Kıyma Z, Akdağ A, Çetinkaya M, Atalay H, Ateş A, Gürsel FE, Bozkurt M (2017). Effect of lavender (Lavandula Stoechas) essential oil on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and antioxidant status of broilers. South African J Anim Sci 47(2): 178-186.
  • Lucchesi ME, Chemat F, Smadja J (2004). Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1043: 323–327.
  • Luque de Castro MD, Jimenez CMM (1998). Potential of water for continuous automate leaching. Trends Anal Chem 17:441-447.
  • Luque de Castro MD, Jimenez CMM, Fernandez-Prez V (1999). Towards more rational techniques for the isolation of valuable essential oils from plants. Trends Anal. Chem. 19:708-716.
  • Mostafa, K, Yodallah Y, Fatemah S, Naader B (2004). Comparison of essential oil composition of Carum copticum obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods. Food Chemistry, 86: 587-591
  • Öztekin S and Soysal Y (1998). Extraction Methods in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Tarımsal Mekanizasyon 18. Ulusal Kongresi Tekirdağ.
  • Pare JRJ and Belanger JMR (1997). Instrumental Methods in Food Analysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Sacildi E and Ozturk E (2018). Effects of Garlic and Aged Garlic Extract on Broiler Performance and Shelf Life of the Meat. 2nd International Animal Nutrition Conference. 1-4th November 2018, Kemer, Turkey.
  • Sahin HA and Ozturk E (2018). Effects of raw propolis or water and ethanol extract of propolis on performance, immune system and some blood parameters of broiler breeders. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, RBZ-2017-0161.R3 (in press)
  • Sevinç A and Merdun B (1995). Türkiye’de yetişen uçucu yağ içeren bitkiler ve kullanım alanları. Bitirme Ödevi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.
  • Stashenko EE, Jaramillo BE, Martinez JR (2004a). Analysis of volatile secondary metabolites from Colombian Xylopia aromatic (Lamarck) by different extraction and headspace methods and gas chromatography. Journal of Chormatography A, 1025, 105-113.
  • Stashenko EE, Jaramillo BE, Martinez JR (2004b). Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of volatile secondary metabolites of Lippia alba (Mill) N.E, Brown, grown in Colombia, and evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant actvitiy. Journal of chromatography A, 1025, 93-103.
  • Tongnuanchan P and Benjakul S (2014). Essential Oils: Extraction, Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation. Journal of Food Science. 79(7): 231-249.
  • Wang Z, Ding L, Li T, Zhou X, Wang L, Zhang H, Liu L, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang H, Zeng H, He H (2006). Improved solvent free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried Cuminum cyminum L. and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Journal of chromatography A, 1102, 11-17.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Akdağ

Ergin Öztürk

Publication Date April 30, 2019
Submission Date September 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 45 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akdağ, A., & Öztürk, E. (2019). Distillation Methods of Essential Oils. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 45(1), 22-31.
AMA Akdağ A, Öztürk E. Distillation Methods of Essential Oils. sufefd. April 2019;45(1):22-31.
Chicago Akdağ, Ahmet, and Ergin Öztürk. “Distillation Methods of Essential Oils”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi 45, no. 1 (April 2019): 22-31.
EndNote Akdağ A, Öztürk E (April 1, 2019) Distillation Methods of Essential Oils. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi 45 1 22–31.
IEEE A. Akdağ and E. Öztürk, “Distillation Methods of Essential Oils”, sufefd, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 22–31, 2019.
ISNAD Akdağ, Ahmet - Öztürk, Ergin. “Distillation Methods of Essential Oils”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi 45/1 (April 2019), 22-31.
JAMA Akdağ A, Öztürk E. Distillation Methods of Essential Oils. sufefd. 2019;45:22–31.
MLA Akdağ, Ahmet and Ergin Öztürk. “Distillation Methods of Essential Oils”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, vol. 45, no. 1, 2019, pp. 22-31.
Vancouver Akdağ A, Öztürk E. Distillation Methods of Essential Oils. sufefd. 2019;45(1):22-31.
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Journal Owner: On behalf of Selçuk University Faculty of Science, Rector Prof. Dr. Metin AKSOY
Selcuk University Journal of Science Faculty accepts articles in Turkish and English with original results in basic sciences and other applied sciences. The journal may also include compilations containing current innovations.

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