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Antakya High School: A Unique Example of How a Traditional Building System Performs in an Earthquake

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: Special Issue, 293 - 312, 06.02.2024

Caner Göçer

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1334645

Abstract

Thousands of buildings in 11 provinces were demolished or sustained heavy damage due to the earthquakes of Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6 in Kahramanmaraş center that struck on 06.02.2023. The structural damage sustained by the Antakya High School from the two earthquakes as well as the cause of said damage was evaluated in this study. Defining architectural and structural features, determining the types of damage and their frequency of occurrence, evaluating the causes of damage, and revealing the degree of effectiveness of the causes of damage according to the types of damage constitute the basic steps of the study process. As an evaluation method, literature, earthquake regulations and comparative analysis data were taken into consideration. Despite the high transparency rate in the facade layout, it was observed that the building did not collapse completely, thanks to the reinforced concrete vertical beams. However, the reason for the wholesale collapse of the unit with similar architectural and structural features may be the irregularity in the load-bearing wall system and weak mortar.

Keywords

Kahramanmaraş earthquakes masonry buildings structural damages damage assessment

References

  • Adanur, S. 2010. Performance of masonry buildings during the 20 and 27 December 2007 Bala (Ankara) earthquakes in Turkey. Nat. Haz., 10 (12): 2547–2556. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2547-2010.
  • AFAD, (2023). 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) Mw 7.7 Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) Mw 7.6 Depremlerine İlişkin Ön Değerlendirme Raporu, T. C. İç İşleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Aras, F. ve Düzci, E. (2018). Seismic Performance of Traditional Stone Masonry Dwellings under Çanakkale Seismic Sequences. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 32(4): 04018029.
  • Bayraktar, A., Coşkun, N. & Yalcın, A. (2007). Damages of Masonry Buildings During the July 2, 2004 Doğubayazıt (Ağrı) Earthquake in Turkey, Eng. Fail. Anal.,14(1):147-57.
  • Bayraktar, A., A. C. Altunışık, & M. Muvafık. (2016). Field investigation of the performance of masonry buildings during the October 23 andNovember 9, 2011, Van Earthquakes in Turkey. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (2): 04014209.
  • Bayülke, N. (1992). Masonry Structures, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement General Directorate of Disaster Affairs Earthquake Research Department, Ankara, Turkey: Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency.
  • Celep, Z., Erken, A., Taskin, B. & Ilki, A. (2011). Failures of Masonry and Concrete Buildings During the March 8, 2010 Kovancılar and Palu (Elazığ) Earthquakes in Turkey, Eng. Fail. Anal., 18(3):868-89.
  • Celik, O., C., Bal, A., Atasever, K., Emanet, S., & Koca, S. (2020). 24 Ocak 2020 Doğanyol (Malatya)-Sivrice (Elazığ) Depremi’nden Gözlemler (Mw 6.7-Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu), Beton Prefabrikasyon, 134:5-28.
  • Çalayır, Y., Sayın, E. ve Yön. B. (2012). Performance of structures in the rural area during the March 8, 2010 Elazıg˘- Kovancılar earthquake. Nat. Hazards 61:703–717. http://doi 10.1007/s11069-011-0056-6.
  • Damcı, E., Temur, R. Bekdaş, G. ve Sayın. B. (2015). Damages and causes on the structures during the October 23, 2011 Van earthquake in Turkey. Case Stud. Constr. Mat. 3:112-131.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Failure of Structural (RC, Masonry, Bridge) to Van Earthquake, Engineering Failure Analysis, 35(6):489-98.
  • Dogan, G., Ecemis, A.S., Korkmaz, S.Z., Arslan, M.H., & Korkmaz, H.H., (2021). Buildings Damages after Elazığ, Turkey Earthquake on January 24, 2020. Nat. Haz. 109: 161–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04831-5
  • Göçer, C.(2020a). Structural evaluation of traditional masonry buildings during the February 6 - 12, 2017 Ayvacık (Çanakkale) earthquakes in Turkey. ITU A|Z, 17(3) (2017):1-12.
  • Göçer, C. (2020b). Structural evaluation of masonry building damages during the April 24, 2014 Gökçeada earthquake in the Aegean Sea. Bull. Earthquake Eng., 18: 3459–3483 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00833-z
  • Göçer, C., (2020c). Field Investigation of the Performance of Unreinforced Masonry Building Structures during the June 12, 2017, Lesvos Earthquake in the Aegean Sea, J. Perform. Const. Facil., 34(5): 1-15, https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001497
  • Gülkan, P. ve Sucuoglu, H. (1989). Assessment of earthquake damage in rural buildings. Report no. 89-02. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, METU Ankara
  • Günaydın, M., Atmaca, B., Demir, S., Altunışık, A. C., Hüsem, M., Adanur, S., Ateş Ş.,& Angın, Z., (2021). Seismic damage assessment of masonry buildings in Elazığ and Malatya following the 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake, Turkey. Bull. Earthquake Eng., 19:2421–2456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01073-5
  • İnel, M., Özmen, H., B. ve Akyol, E. (2013). Observations on the building damages after 19 May 2011 Simav (Turkey) earthquake. Bull Earthq Eng 11(1):255-283
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2023). Antakya Lisesi, Antakya. Erişim adresi (10.07.2023): https://antakyaanadolulisesi.meb.k12.tr/tema/okulumuz_hakkinda.html
  • Rifaioğlu, M, N. (2020). Antakya’da Fransız Mandası dönemi eğitim yapısının oluşum ve dönüşüm sürecinin mimari analizi, TÜBA-KED Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi, 21(1):73-89. DOI: 10.22520/tubaked.2020.21.004, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tubaked/issue/56829
  • Sayın, E., Yon, B., Calayır, Y., Karaton, M. (2013). Failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the June 23, 2011 Maden-(Elazıg˘) earthquake in Turkey. Eng Fail Anal 34(6):779-791
  • Şengel, HS, Dogan, M. (2013) Failure of buildings during Sultandağı Earthquake. Eng. Fail. Anal. 35(6):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.09.011
  • Tapan M., Comert, M., Demir, C., Sayan, Y., Orakcal, K., İlki, A. (2013) Failures of structures during the October 23, 2011 Tabanlı (Van) and November 9, 2011 Edremit (Van) earthquakes in Turkey. Eng. Fail. Anal. 34(6):606-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.02.013
  • TDY (Türkiye Deprem Yönetmeliği). (2018). Deprem bölgelerinde yapılacak binaların özellikleri, Türkiye: Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı, Ankara, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/03/20180318M1-2.htm

Geleneksel Yapı Sisteminin Deprem Performansına İlişkin Özgün Bir Örnek: Antakya Lisesi

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: Special Issue, 293 - 312, 06.02.2024

Caner Göçer

https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1334645

Abstract

06.02.2023 tarihinde, Kahramanmaraş merkezli Mw 7.7 ve Mw 7.6 büyüklüğünde meydana gelen depremlerin etkisiyle onbir ilde binlerce bina yıkılmış ve ağır hasarlar meydana gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Antakya Lisesi’nde depremlerin etkisine bağlı oluşan strüktürel hasarlar ve nedenleri değerlendirilmiştir. Mimari ve yapısal özelliklerin tanımlanması, hasar türleri ve görülme sıklığının belirlenmesi, hasar nedenlerinni değerlendirilmesi ve hasar nedenlerinin hasar türlerine göre etkinlik derecesinin ortaya koyulması çalışma sürecinin temel adımlarını oluşturmaktadır. Değerlendirme yöntemi olarak literatür, deprem yönetmeliği ve karşılaştırmalı analiz verileri dikkate alınmıştır. Cephe düzeninde yüksek saydamlık oranına rağmen betonarme düşey hatıl sayesinde yapının toptan göçmediği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte benzer mimari ve yapısal özelliklere sahip birimin toptan göçme nedeni taşıyıcı duvar örgü sistemindeki düzensizlik ve zayıf harç olabilir.

Keywords

Kahramanmaraş depremleri yığma yapı yapısal hasarlar hasar değerlendirme

Thanks

Makalede ulusal ve uluslararası araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerekmemiştir.

References

  • Adanur, S. 2010. Performance of masonry buildings during the 20 and 27 December 2007 Bala (Ankara) earthquakes in Turkey. Nat. Haz., 10 (12): 2547–2556. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2547-2010.
  • AFAD, (2023). 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) Mw 7.7 Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) Mw 7.6 Depremlerine İlişkin Ön Değerlendirme Raporu, T. C. İç İşleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
  • Aras, F. ve Düzci, E. (2018). Seismic Performance of Traditional Stone Masonry Dwellings under Çanakkale Seismic Sequences. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 32(4): 04018029.
  • Bayraktar, A., Coşkun, N. & Yalcın, A. (2007). Damages of Masonry Buildings During the July 2, 2004 Doğubayazıt (Ağrı) Earthquake in Turkey, Eng. Fail. Anal.,14(1):147-57.
  • Bayraktar, A., A. C. Altunışık, & M. Muvafık. (2016). Field investigation of the performance of masonry buildings during the October 23 andNovember 9, 2011, Van Earthquakes in Turkey. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (2): 04014209.
  • Bayülke, N. (1992). Masonry Structures, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement General Directorate of Disaster Affairs Earthquake Research Department, Ankara, Turkey: Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency.
  • Celep, Z., Erken, A., Taskin, B. & Ilki, A. (2011). Failures of Masonry and Concrete Buildings During the March 8, 2010 Kovancılar and Palu (Elazığ) Earthquakes in Turkey, Eng. Fail. Anal., 18(3):868-89.
  • Celik, O., C., Bal, A., Atasever, K., Emanet, S., & Koca, S. (2020). 24 Ocak 2020 Doğanyol (Malatya)-Sivrice (Elazığ) Depremi’nden Gözlemler (Mw 6.7-Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonu), Beton Prefabrikasyon, 134:5-28.
  • Çalayır, Y., Sayın, E. ve Yön. B. (2012). Performance of structures in the rural area during the March 8, 2010 Elazıg˘- Kovancılar earthquake. Nat. Hazards 61:703–717. http://doi 10.1007/s11069-011-0056-6.
  • Damcı, E., Temur, R. Bekdaş, G. ve Sayın. B. (2015). Damages and causes on the structures during the October 23, 2011 Van earthquake in Turkey. Case Stud. Constr. Mat. 3:112-131.
  • Doğan, M. (2013). Failure of Structural (RC, Masonry, Bridge) to Van Earthquake, Engineering Failure Analysis, 35(6):489-98.
  • Dogan, G., Ecemis, A.S., Korkmaz, S.Z., Arslan, M.H., & Korkmaz, H.H., (2021). Buildings Damages after Elazığ, Turkey Earthquake on January 24, 2020. Nat. Haz. 109: 161–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04831-5
  • Göçer, C.(2020a). Structural evaluation of traditional masonry buildings during the February 6 - 12, 2017 Ayvacık (Çanakkale) earthquakes in Turkey. ITU A|Z, 17(3) (2017):1-12.
  • Göçer, C. (2020b). Structural evaluation of masonry building damages during the April 24, 2014 Gökçeada earthquake in the Aegean Sea. Bull. Earthquake Eng., 18: 3459–3483 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00833-z
  • Göçer, C., (2020c). Field Investigation of the Performance of Unreinforced Masonry Building Structures during the June 12, 2017, Lesvos Earthquake in the Aegean Sea, J. Perform. Const. Facil., 34(5): 1-15, https://doi.org/ 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001497
  • Gülkan, P. ve Sucuoglu, H. (1989). Assessment of earthquake damage in rural buildings. Report no. 89-02. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, METU Ankara
  • Günaydın, M., Atmaca, B., Demir, S., Altunışık, A. C., Hüsem, M., Adanur, S., Ateş Ş.,& Angın, Z., (2021). Seismic damage assessment of masonry buildings in Elazığ and Malatya following the 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake, Turkey. Bull. Earthquake Eng., 19:2421–2456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01073-5
  • İnel, M., Özmen, H., B. ve Akyol, E. (2013). Observations on the building damages after 19 May 2011 Simav (Turkey) earthquake. Bull Earthq Eng 11(1):255-283
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2023). Antakya Lisesi, Antakya. Erişim adresi (10.07.2023): https://antakyaanadolulisesi.meb.k12.tr/tema/okulumuz_hakkinda.html
  • Rifaioğlu, M, N. (2020). Antakya’da Fransız Mandası dönemi eğitim yapısının oluşum ve dönüşüm sürecinin mimari analizi, TÜBA-KED Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi, 21(1):73-89. DOI: 10.22520/tubaked.2020.21.004, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tubaked/issue/56829
  • Sayın, E., Yon, B., Calayır, Y., Karaton, M. (2013). Failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the June 23, 2011 Maden-(Elazıg˘) earthquake in Turkey. Eng Fail Anal 34(6):779-791
  • Şengel, HS, Dogan, M. (2013) Failure of buildings during Sultandağı Earthquake. Eng. Fail. Anal. 35(6):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2012.09.011
  • Tapan M., Comert, M., Demir, C., Sayan, Y., Orakcal, K., İlki, A. (2013) Failures of structures during the October 23, 2011 Tabanlı (Van) and November 9, 2011 Edremit (Van) earthquakes in Turkey. Eng. Fail. Anal. 34(6):606-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.02.013
  • TDY (Türkiye Deprem Yönetmeliği). (2018). Deprem bölgelerinde yapılacak binaların özellikleri, Türkiye: Bayındırlık ve İskan Bakanlığı, Ankara, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2018/03/20180318M1-2.htm
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architectural Heritage and Conservation
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Caner Göçer 0000-0001-6767-4235

Early Pub Date February 6, 2024
Publication Date February 6, 2024
Submission Date July 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: Special Issue

Cite

APA Göçer, C. (2024). Geleneksel Yapı Sisteminin Deprem Performansına İlişkin Özgün Bir Örnek: Antakya Lisesi. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications, 9(Special Issue), 293-312. https://doi.org/10.30785/mbud.1334645
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