Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Kayaağıl (Uşak) Termal Sularının Hidrojeoloji ve Hidrojeokimyasal İncelemesi

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 05.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.338361

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Uşak İlinde bulunan Kayaağıl ve
Karaağaç köyleri çevresinin hidrojeolojisi ve bölgede yer alan sıcak - soğuk
suların hidrojeokimyasal özellikleri incelenmiştir. İnceleme alanının temelinde
yer alan Paleozoyik yaşlı
Eşme formasyonunu oluşturan şistler ve şistler
içerisindeki mermer bantları
hidrotermal sistemin ana
hazne kayacını, Tersiyer ve Kuvaterner yaşlı birimlerin geçirimsiz seviyeleri
örtü kayacı, faylanma ile gelişen kırık hatları ise akışkanları yüzeye taşıyan
akım yollarını oluşturmaktadır.
Bölgede derinlere süzülen yeraltısuları, jeotermik
gradyana bağlı olarak ısınmaktadır.
İnceleme
alanında
termal
suların Na-HCO3 , soğuk suların Ca-Mg-HCO3, karışım sularının
ise Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO3'lı
sular
fasiyesinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Termal sularda Na artışı suların sıcaklığı
ve kaya
-su etkileşim sürecine bağlıdır. Kayaağıl termal
suyu albit, analsim, aragonit, kalsit, barit, kalsedon, kristobalit, dolomit,
florit, jipsit, kuvars ve sanidin minerallerine doygundur. Termal suların silis
jeotermometrelerine göre hesaplanan hazne kaya sıcaklıkları 102-147 0C
arasındadır. Ayrıca, yeraltısularının Al, As, B, Fe, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni ve Pb gibi
ağır metal içerikleri incelenmiştir. Termal ve karışım sularında As artışı
suyun sıcaklığı ile doğru orantılıdır. Soğuk sulardaki As artışının kaynak
sularının etkileşim halinde bulunduğu volkanik kayaçlar ile ilişkili olarak
kaya-su etkileşiminde kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir. Sularda tespit edilen
ekstrem Al ve Mn değerleri antropojenik kökenli faaliyetlerden
kaynaklanmaktadır. 

References

  • Akgöz, R. (2011). Uşak-Merkez-Kayaağıl Köyü-Kurşuntaşı Mevkii, 2011/64-02 Numaralı Arama Ruhsatı İşletme Projesi, Uşak Belediyesi (yayınlanmamış)
  • Arnorsson, S., Gunnlaugsson, E., and Svavarsson, H. (1983a). The Chemistry of Geothermal Waters in Iceland-II. Mineral Equlibria and Independent Variables Controlling Water Compositions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 547–566.
  • Arnorsson, S., Gunnlaugsson, E., Svavarsson, H. (1983b). The Chemistry of Geothermal Waters in Iceland III. Chemical Geothermometry in Geothermal Investigations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 1513–1532.
  • Davraz, A. (2008). Hydrogeochemical and Hydrogeological Investigations of Thermal Waters in the Usak Area (Turkey). Environ Geol, 54:615–628.
  • Ercan, T., Dinçel, A., Metin, S., Türkecan, A., Günay, E. (1978). Geology of the Neogene Basins in Uşak Region. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey, 21: 97-106 (in Turkish)
  • Fournier, R.O. (1977). A Review of Chemical and Isotopic Geothermometers for Geothermal Systems. In: Proceedings of the Sym. On Geoth. Energy, Cento Scientific Programme, Ankara, 133-143.
  • Fournier, R.O. (1979). A Revised Equation for the Na-K Geothermometer. Geothermal Res. Council Trans., 3: 221-224.
  • Gibbs, R.J. (1973). Mechanisms to Trace Metal Transport in Rivers. Science, 180:71-173.
  • Giggenbach, W.F., Gonfiantini, R., Jangi, B.L., Truesdell, A.H. (1983). Isotopic and Chemical Composition of Parbati Valley Geothermal Discharges, NW Himalaya, Indiana. Geothermics, 5: 51-62.
  • Giggenbach, W. F. (1988). Geothermal Solute Equilibria: Derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca Geoindicators, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 2749-2765.
  • Giggenbach, W.F., Corrales, R.S. (1992). The Isotopic and Chemical Composition of Waters and Steam Discharges from Volcanic-Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems of the Guanacoste Geothermal Province, Costa Rica. Applied Geochemistry, 7: 309-332.
  • Gökgöz, A., Özkul, M., Kaya, A., Hançer, M., Baykara, O., Örü, Z., Akın, T., Minissale, A. Vaselli, O. (2011). Farklı Rezervuarlara Sahip Uşak İli Jeotermal Alanlarının Kavramsal Hidrojeokimyasal Modellenmesi, 108Y016 nolu TÜBITAK Projesi raporu
  • İça, M. (1979). Geology and Hydrogeology Investigations of Uşak-Eşme-Örencik spa. J Geol Eng Ankara, 37–46.
  • Kharaka, Y.K., Gunter, W.D., Affarwall, P.K., Perkins, E.H., De Braall, J.D. (1988). SOLMINEQ (a computer program code for geochemical modelling of water-rock interactions). In: US Geological Survey Water Investigations, Report 88-4227
  • Makris, J. (1985). Geophysical and Geodynamic Implications for the Evolution of the Hellenides. In: Stanley DI, Wezel FC (eds) Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin. Springer, New York, pp 23–269.
  • Mc Kenzie, D.P. (1978). Active Tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt: the Aegean and the Surrounding Regions. Geophys J R Astron Soc 55:217–254
  • MTA (1980). 1:50.000 Ölçekli Jeoloji Haritası Serisi, Uşak-K22-c (Derleyenler: Tuncay Ercan ve Ali Dinçel)
  • Mutlu, H., Guleç, N. (1998). Hydrogeochemical Outline of Thermal Waters and Geothermometry Applications in Anatolia (Turkey). J Volcanol Geotherm Res 85:495–515.
  • Nieva, D., Nieva, R. (1987). Developments in Geothermal Energy in Mexico, Part 12- Acationic Composition Geothermometer for Prospecting Geothermal Resources. Heat Recovery Systems, 7:243-258
  • Piper, A.M. (1944). A Graphic Procedure in the Geochemical Interpretation of Water Analyses. Transactions - American Geophysical Union, 25, 914-928.
  • Tezcan, A.K. (1979). Geothermal Studies, Their Present Status and Contribution to Heat Flow Contouring in Turkey. In: Cermac V, Rybach L (eds) Terrestrial Heat Flow in Europe. Springer, Berlin, pp 283–292.
  • Truesdell, A.H. (1976). Summary of Section III Geochemical Techniques in Explanation. In: Proceedings, Second United Nations Symposium on the Development and Use of Geothermal
  • Resources. San Francisco, V.1, Washington DC, US Government Printing Office
  • TSE (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular. Türk İçme Suyu Standartları TS 266 Sayılı Standart -Türk Standartları Enstitüsü –Ankara.
  • WHO (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 4th edn. World Health Organization, WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, ISBN 9789241548151

Hydrogeological and Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Kayaağıl (Uşak) Thermal Waters

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 13, 05.01.2018
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.338361

Abstract

In this study, hydrogeology of Kayaağıl and Karaağaç villages in Uşak province and hydrogeochemical properties of
thermal and cold waters were investigated. The Paleozoic aged Eşme formation which are formed from schists and
marble bands is the main reservoir rocks of the hydrothermal system, the impermeable levels of the Tertiary and
Quaternary units constitute the cover rocks and the fracture lines developed by the faulting are the flow paths carrying
the fluids to the surface. Groundwater infiltrating to deep in the region heat due to the geothermal gradient. In the
study area, it was determined that the thermal waters are Na-HCO3, the cold waters Ca-Mg-HCO3 and the mixed
waters are Ca-Mg-SO4-HCO3 waters. The increase of Na in the thermal waters depends on the water temperature
and the rock-water interaction process. Kayaağıl thermal water is saturated with albite, analsim, aragonite, calcite, barite, calcite, cristobalite, dolomite, fluorite, gypsum, quartz and sanidine minerals. The reservoir temperatures of
the thermal waters are calculated as 102-1470C according to the silica geothermometers. In addition, trace metal
contents of groundwater such as Al, As, B, Fe, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb were also researched. The increase of As in
the thermal and mixture waters is directly proportional to the water temperature. The increase of As in the cold waters
originated from water-rock interaction. The high Al and Mn values of water are due to the anthropogenic activities.
 

References

  • Akgöz, R. (2011). Uşak-Merkez-Kayaağıl Köyü-Kurşuntaşı Mevkii, 2011/64-02 Numaralı Arama Ruhsatı İşletme Projesi, Uşak Belediyesi (yayınlanmamış)
  • Arnorsson, S., Gunnlaugsson, E., and Svavarsson, H. (1983a). The Chemistry of Geothermal Waters in Iceland-II. Mineral Equlibria and Independent Variables Controlling Water Compositions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 47, 547–566.
  • Arnorsson, S., Gunnlaugsson, E., Svavarsson, H. (1983b). The Chemistry of Geothermal Waters in Iceland III. Chemical Geothermometry in Geothermal Investigations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 46, 1513–1532.
  • Davraz, A. (2008). Hydrogeochemical and Hydrogeological Investigations of Thermal Waters in the Usak Area (Turkey). Environ Geol, 54:615–628.
  • Ercan, T., Dinçel, A., Metin, S., Türkecan, A., Günay, E. (1978). Geology of the Neogene Basins in Uşak Region. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey, 21: 97-106 (in Turkish)
  • Fournier, R.O. (1977). A Review of Chemical and Isotopic Geothermometers for Geothermal Systems. In: Proceedings of the Sym. On Geoth. Energy, Cento Scientific Programme, Ankara, 133-143.
  • Fournier, R.O. (1979). A Revised Equation for the Na-K Geothermometer. Geothermal Res. Council Trans., 3: 221-224.
  • Gibbs, R.J. (1973). Mechanisms to Trace Metal Transport in Rivers. Science, 180:71-173.
  • Giggenbach, W.F., Gonfiantini, R., Jangi, B.L., Truesdell, A.H. (1983). Isotopic and Chemical Composition of Parbati Valley Geothermal Discharges, NW Himalaya, Indiana. Geothermics, 5: 51-62.
  • Giggenbach, W. F. (1988). Geothermal Solute Equilibria: Derivation of Na-K-Mg-Ca Geoindicators, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52, 2749-2765.
  • Giggenbach, W.F., Corrales, R.S. (1992). The Isotopic and Chemical Composition of Waters and Steam Discharges from Volcanic-Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems of the Guanacoste Geothermal Province, Costa Rica. Applied Geochemistry, 7: 309-332.
  • Gökgöz, A., Özkul, M., Kaya, A., Hançer, M., Baykara, O., Örü, Z., Akın, T., Minissale, A. Vaselli, O. (2011). Farklı Rezervuarlara Sahip Uşak İli Jeotermal Alanlarının Kavramsal Hidrojeokimyasal Modellenmesi, 108Y016 nolu TÜBITAK Projesi raporu
  • İça, M. (1979). Geology and Hydrogeology Investigations of Uşak-Eşme-Örencik spa. J Geol Eng Ankara, 37–46.
  • Kharaka, Y.K., Gunter, W.D., Affarwall, P.K., Perkins, E.H., De Braall, J.D. (1988). SOLMINEQ (a computer program code for geochemical modelling of water-rock interactions). In: US Geological Survey Water Investigations, Report 88-4227
  • Makris, J. (1985). Geophysical and Geodynamic Implications for the Evolution of the Hellenides. In: Stanley DI, Wezel FC (eds) Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin. Springer, New York, pp 23–269.
  • Mc Kenzie, D.P. (1978). Active Tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt: the Aegean and the Surrounding Regions. Geophys J R Astron Soc 55:217–254
  • MTA (1980). 1:50.000 Ölçekli Jeoloji Haritası Serisi, Uşak-K22-c (Derleyenler: Tuncay Ercan ve Ali Dinçel)
  • Mutlu, H., Guleç, N. (1998). Hydrogeochemical Outline of Thermal Waters and Geothermometry Applications in Anatolia (Turkey). J Volcanol Geotherm Res 85:495–515.
  • Nieva, D., Nieva, R. (1987). Developments in Geothermal Energy in Mexico, Part 12- Acationic Composition Geothermometer for Prospecting Geothermal Resources. Heat Recovery Systems, 7:243-258
  • Piper, A.M. (1944). A Graphic Procedure in the Geochemical Interpretation of Water Analyses. Transactions - American Geophysical Union, 25, 914-928.
  • Tezcan, A.K. (1979). Geothermal Studies, Their Present Status and Contribution to Heat Flow Contouring in Turkey. In: Cermac V, Rybach L (eds) Terrestrial Heat Flow in Europe. Springer, Berlin, pp 283–292.
  • Truesdell, A.H. (1976). Summary of Section III Geochemical Techniques in Explanation. In: Proceedings, Second United Nations Symposium on the Development and Use of Geothermal
  • Resources. San Francisco, V.1, Washington DC, US Government Printing Office
  • TSE (2005). İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular. Türk İçme Suyu Standartları TS 266 Sayılı Standart -Türk Standartları Enstitüsü –Ankara.
  • WHO (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 4th edn. World Health Organization, WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, ISBN 9789241548151
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Paper
Authors

Ayşen Davraz

Hayriye Yurt This is me

Publication Date January 5, 2018
Acceptance Date December 18, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Davraz, A., & Yurt, H. (2018). Kayaağıl (Uşak) Termal Sularının Hidrojeoloji ve Hidrojeokimyasal İncelemesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.338361