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Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Çoruh Nehri Havzası’ndaki Kırmızı Benekli Alabalık (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) Populasyonunun Yoğunluk, Biyokütle ve Boy-Ağırlık İlişkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 129 - 136, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.313520

Abstract

Bu çalışma, tek avlı
ayrılmaya dayalı metot uygulanarak avlanan kırmızı benekli alabalığın (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) yoğunluk,
biyokütle ve boy-ağırlık ilişkisini belirlemek için yürütülmüştür. Toplam
2,1760 ha alan, Kuzey Doğu Anadolu Çoruh Nehri Havzası’nın Tortumkale Çayı’nda;
Mayıs 2012-Haziran 2013 tarihleri arasında elektroşokla 167 adet balık
avlanmıştır. Ortalama yoğunluk ve biyomas değerleri sırasıyla 106-167 adet/ha
ve 4,76-10,64 kg/ha arasında değişmiştir. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisinin b değerleri
3.0672-3.3158 arasında değişmiş ve pozitif allometrik büyüme gözlemlenmiştir.
İstasyonlar arasındaki boy-ağırlık ilişkisi istatistikî olarak önemlidir (r2>0,9917, p<0,05).
Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda kırmızı benekli alabalık türünün, yok olma
riski altında olduğunu tespit edilmiştir. Tortumkale Çayı’nda sınırlı
habitatlarda yaşayan kırmızı benekli alabalığın yoğunluğu; özellikle
populasyona yeni birey katılımının azalması ve üreme döneminde yetişkin
bireyler üzerine aşırı av baskısı nedeniyle azalmıştır. Aynı zamanda, gökkuşağı
alabalığı akuakültür aktivitelerinin biyotik ve abiyotik etkileri, rekreasyonel
balıkçılık, baraj yapılar ve sulama kanalları bariyerleri ile evsel,
endüstriyel ve tarımsal atıklardan kaynaklanan pollusyon kırmızı benekli
alabalığın habitatlarını tahribine katkı sunmaktadır.

References

  • Almodovar A, Nicola GG. 1998. Assessment of a brown trout Salmo trutta population in the River Gallo (central Spain): angling effects and management implications (Salmonidae). Ital J Zool. 65(1):539-543. doi:10.1080/11250009809386881
  • Alp A, Kara C. 2004. Length, weight and condition factors of the native brown trouts (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858 and Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968) in the Ceyhan, Seyhan and Euphrates Basins. Ege J Fish Aquat Sci. 21(1-2): 9-15. doi:10.12714/egejfas.2004.21.1.5000156960
  • Alp A, Kara C, Büyükçapar HM. 2005. Age, growth and diet composition of the resident brown trout, Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril 1858, in Fırnız Stream of the River Ceyhan, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 29(2):285-295.
  • Arıman H, Kocaman EM. 2003. Aras, Yukarı Fırat ve Çoruh Havzaları’nda yaşayan Alabalık (Salmo trutta L.)'ların özellikleri. J Fac Agric Atatürk Univ. 34(2):193-197.[in Turkish]
  • Arslan M, Yıldırım A, Bektaş S. 2004. Length-weight relationship of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., inhabiting Kan Stream, Çoruh Basin, North-Eastern Turkey. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci. 4(1):45-48.
  • Arslan M, Yıldırım A, Bektaş S, Atasever A. 2007. Growth and mortality of the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) population from upper Aksu Stream, Northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turk J Zool. 31(4): 337-346.
  • Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. 1978. Age and growth. In: Bagenal T, editor. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Sci. p. 101-136.
  • Başusta A, Özer EI. Girgin H. 2013. Munzur Nehri’ndeki Kırmızı Benekli alabalığın (Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dummeril, 1858)) otolit boyutları-balık boyu arasındaki ilişki. J Fisheries Sciences com. 7(1):22-29.
  • Bohlin T, Hamrin S, Heggberget TG, Rasmussen G, Saltveit SJ. 1989. Electrofishing-Theory and practice with special emphasis on salmonids. Hydrobiologia 173(1):9-43. doi:10.1007/BF00008596
  • Bravo R, Soriguer MC, Villar N, Hernando JA. 1999. A simple method to estimate the significance level of the catch probability in the catch removal method in river fish populations. Fish Res. 44(2): 179-182. doi:10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00081-8
  • Chen J, Thompson ME, Wu C. 2004. Estimation of fish abundance indices based on scientific research trawl surveys. Biometrics 60(1):116-123. doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00162.x
  • Dikov T, Zivkov M. 2004. Abundance and biomass of fishes in the Veleka River, Bulgaria. Fol Zool. 53(1): 81-86.
  • Duman M, Dartay M. Yüksel F. 2011. Munzur Çayı (Tunceli) Dağ alabalıkları Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858)’nın et verimi ve kimyasal kompozisyonu. Sci J Fırat Uni. 23(1):41-45. [in Turkish]
  • Froese R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. J Appl Ichth. 22(4):241-253. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
  • Froese R, Tsikliras AC, Stergious KI. 2011. Editorial note on weight-length relations of fishes. Acta Ichtyol Pisc. 41(4):261-263. doi:10.3750/AIP2011.41.4.01
  • Gülle I, Küçük F, Güçlü SS, Gümüş E, Demir O. 2007. Dağ alabalığı (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858)’nın Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Havzası’ndaki yayılış alanı, populasyon ve habitat özellikleri. Turk J Aquat Life. 5(8):189-198. [in Turkish]
  • Hankin DG. 1984. Multistage sampling designs in fisheries research: Applications in small streams. Can J Fish Aqua Sci. 41(11):1575-1591. doi:10.1139/f84-196
  • Kocabaş M, Kayım M, Can E, Kutluyer F, Aksu O. 2011. The reproduction traits of native brown trout (Salmo trutta macrositigma T., 1954), Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 10(13):1632-1637. doi:10.3923/javaa.2011.1632.1637
  • Kocabaş M, Kayım M, Aksu O, Can E, Kızak V, Kutluyer F, Serdar O, Demirtaş N. 2012. Seasonal variation in food preference of the brown trout Salmo trutta macrostigma (T., 1954) from Uzungöl Stream, Turkey. Afr J Agric Res. 7(13):1982-1987. doi:10.5897/AJAR11.403
  • Kocabaş M, Başçınar N, Kutluyer F, Aksu O. 2013. Ülkemizde yayılım gösteren Salmo trutta macrostigma ekotipi gerçekten yok oluyor mu? Turk J Sci Rev. 6(1): 132-138. [in Turkish]
  • Kocaman EM, Yüksel AY, Atamanalp M. 2004. Tekederesi (Erzurum) Dağ alabalıkları Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858)’nın bazı büyüme özellikleri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 28(6): 981-989. [in Turkish]
  • Kolev V. 2010. Density and biomass of the wild trout in some Bulgarian Rivers. Forestry Ideas 16(2): 221-229.
  • Kolev V. 2012. Stocking plan for the Bunayska River. Forestry Ideas 18(2): 143-149.
  • Korkmaz AŞ, Ölmez M, Atay D. 1998. Observations on some quantitative parameters of fish populations of the Hatila Brook, The Çoruh River, Eastern Turkey. Paper presented at: The Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Fisheries and Ecology; Trabzon, Turkey.
  • Korkmaz AŞ. 2005. Density and Biomass of Fish in Kadıncık (Çamlıyayla-Mersin) Brook. Ankara Univ J Agr Sci. 11(1):91-97. doi:10.1501/0001089
  • Köktürk M, Atamanalp M. 2015. Water quality in Tortum Stream and its tributaries (Erzurum/Turkey). Limnofish 1(1):49-55. doi:10.17216/LimnoFish-5000090849
  • Lacroix GL. 1989. Production of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in two acidic rivers of Nova Scotia. Can J Fish Aqua Sci. 46(11):2003-2018. doi:10.1139/f89-250
  • Maia CFQ, Valente ACN. 1999. The brown trout Salmo trutta L. populations in the river Lima catchment. Limnetica 17(1):119-126.
  • Moutopoulos DK, Stergiou KI. 2002. Length-weight and length-length relationships of fish species from the Aegean Sea (Greece). J App Icht. 18(3): 200-203. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00281.x
  • Neves RJ, Pardue GB. 1983. Abundance and production of fishes in a small Appalachian stream. Trans American Fish Soc. 112(1):21-26. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112%3C21:AAPOFI%3E2.0.CO;2
  • Ölmez M, Korkmaz AŞ, Atay D. 1998. Age and growth of the brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858) population in the Hatila Brook, the Coruh River, Eastern Turkey. Paper presented at: The Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Fisheries and Ecology; Trabzon, Turkey.
  • Özvarol ZAB, Yıldırım A, Bektaş S, Özvarol Y, Yıldırım S. 2010. Intrabasin variation in growth and condition of brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabited Coruh Basin, Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 9(19):2445-2454. doi:10.3923/javaa.2010.2445.2454
  • Petrakis G, Stergiou KI. 1995. Weight-length relationships for 33 fish species in Greek waters. Fish Res. 21(3-4):465-469. doi:10.1016/0165-7836(94)00294-7
  • Platts WS, Mchenry ML. 1988. Density and biomass of trout and char in western streams. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-241. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Report No.:1-17. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.100185***
  • Ricker WE. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Canada, Otlawa: 382 p.
  • Seber GAF. 1973. The Estimation of animal abundance and related parameters. London: Griffin & Co 506 p. Smith KG, Darwall WRT. 2006. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Fish Endemic to the Mediterranean Basin. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Tarkan AS, Gaygusuz Ö, Özuluğ M, Gaygusuz CG. 2008. Reoccurence of Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) in Lake Sapanca Basin (Sakarya Turkey): Implications for conservation. J Fish Aquat Sci. 3(1):87-91. doi:10.3923/jfas.2008.87.91 Tesch FW. 1971. Age and growth. In: Ricker WE, editor. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Sci. p. 93-123.
  • Van Dishoeck P. 2009. Effect of catchability variation on performance of depletion estimators: Application to an adaptive management experiment. Canada: Simon Fraser University. Report No.:483.
  • Vlach P, Dusek J, Svatora M, Moravec P. 2005. Fish assemblage structure, habitat and microhabitat preference of five fish species in a small stream. Folia Zool. 54(4): 421-431.
  • Yıldırım A, Arslan M, Bektaş S, Peters EJ. 2012. Growth properties of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) living in different streams, Upper Coruh River (Turkey). Paper presented at: International Conference on Agricultural, Environment and Biological Sciences; Phuket, Thailand.
  • Zanetti M, Turin P, Piccolo D, Bellio M, Floris B, Bua R, Cottiglia C, Liggi G. 2010. Distribuzione della fauna ittica nei principali bacini idrografici della Provincia di Cagliari. Studi Trent Sci Nat. 87(2010): 269-271.

Density, Biomass and Length-Weight Relationship of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) Population in the Çoruh River Basin, North-Eastern Anatolia, Turkey

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 129 - 136, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.313520

Abstract

This study was conducted to
determine density, biomass and length-weight relationship for brown trout (Salmo
trutta
Linnaeus, 1758) caught from removal method based on single-pass
electro fishing. A total area of 2.176 ha was sampled and 167 fishes were caught using electro fishing between May 2012 and
June 2013 in Tortumkale Stream of Çoruh River, Turkey. Mean density and biomass
of brown trout were found to vary between 106-167 fish ha-1 and
4.76-10.64 kg ha-1, respectively. The length-weight relationship
exponent b values ranged from 3.0672 to 3.3158 and indicated positive allometric
growth. Length-weight relationship in between stations were statistically
significant (r2>0.9917, p<0.05). Our results revealed that the
density of the brown trout population in Tortumkale Stream is at a level
indicating a risk of extinction of this species. Density of brown trout
occuring in restricted habitats was reduced in Tortumkale Stream; especially it
causes reduction of their population overfishing on adult individuals in
reproduction season and lower of recruitment to the population. Also, biotic
and abiotic effects of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), aquacultures
activities, recreational fisheries, barriers of dam construction and irrigation
canals, pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural waste contribute
to the destruction of the habitat of brown trout.

References

  • Almodovar A, Nicola GG. 1998. Assessment of a brown trout Salmo trutta population in the River Gallo (central Spain): angling effects and management implications (Salmonidae). Ital J Zool. 65(1):539-543. doi:10.1080/11250009809386881
  • Alp A, Kara C. 2004. Length, weight and condition factors of the native brown trouts (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858 and Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968) in the Ceyhan, Seyhan and Euphrates Basins. Ege J Fish Aquat Sci. 21(1-2): 9-15. doi:10.12714/egejfas.2004.21.1.5000156960
  • Alp A, Kara C, Büyükçapar HM. 2005. Age, growth and diet composition of the resident brown trout, Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril 1858, in Fırnız Stream of the River Ceyhan, Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 29(2):285-295.
  • Arıman H, Kocaman EM. 2003. Aras, Yukarı Fırat ve Çoruh Havzaları’nda yaşayan Alabalık (Salmo trutta L.)'ların özellikleri. J Fac Agric Atatürk Univ. 34(2):193-197.[in Turkish]
  • Arslan M, Yıldırım A, Bektaş S. 2004. Length-weight relationship of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., inhabiting Kan Stream, Çoruh Basin, North-Eastern Turkey. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci. 4(1):45-48.
  • Arslan M, Yıldırım A, Bektaş S, Atasever A. 2007. Growth and mortality of the brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) population from upper Aksu Stream, Northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Turk J Zool. 31(4): 337-346.
  • Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. 1978. Age and growth. In: Bagenal T, editor. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Sci. p. 101-136.
  • Başusta A, Özer EI. Girgin H. 2013. Munzur Nehri’ndeki Kırmızı Benekli alabalığın (Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dummeril, 1858)) otolit boyutları-balık boyu arasındaki ilişki. J Fisheries Sciences com. 7(1):22-29.
  • Bohlin T, Hamrin S, Heggberget TG, Rasmussen G, Saltveit SJ. 1989. Electrofishing-Theory and practice with special emphasis on salmonids. Hydrobiologia 173(1):9-43. doi:10.1007/BF00008596
  • Bravo R, Soriguer MC, Villar N, Hernando JA. 1999. A simple method to estimate the significance level of the catch probability in the catch removal method in river fish populations. Fish Res. 44(2): 179-182. doi:10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00081-8
  • Chen J, Thompson ME, Wu C. 2004. Estimation of fish abundance indices based on scientific research trawl surveys. Biometrics 60(1):116-123. doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2004.00162.x
  • Dikov T, Zivkov M. 2004. Abundance and biomass of fishes in the Veleka River, Bulgaria. Fol Zool. 53(1): 81-86.
  • Duman M, Dartay M. Yüksel F. 2011. Munzur Çayı (Tunceli) Dağ alabalıkları Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858)’nın et verimi ve kimyasal kompozisyonu. Sci J Fırat Uni. 23(1):41-45. [in Turkish]
  • Froese R. 2006. Cube law, condition factor and weight-length relationships: history, meta-analysis and recommendations. J Appl Ichth. 22(4):241-253. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2006.00805.x
  • Froese R, Tsikliras AC, Stergious KI. 2011. Editorial note on weight-length relations of fishes. Acta Ichtyol Pisc. 41(4):261-263. doi:10.3750/AIP2011.41.4.01
  • Gülle I, Küçük F, Güçlü SS, Gümüş E, Demir O. 2007. Dağ alabalığı (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858)’nın Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Havzası’ndaki yayılış alanı, populasyon ve habitat özellikleri. Turk J Aquat Life. 5(8):189-198. [in Turkish]
  • Hankin DG. 1984. Multistage sampling designs in fisheries research: Applications in small streams. Can J Fish Aqua Sci. 41(11):1575-1591. doi:10.1139/f84-196
  • Kocabaş M, Kayım M, Can E, Kutluyer F, Aksu O. 2011. The reproduction traits of native brown trout (Salmo trutta macrositigma T., 1954), Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 10(13):1632-1637. doi:10.3923/javaa.2011.1632.1637
  • Kocabaş M, Kayım M, Aksu O, Can E, Kızak V, Kutluyer F, Serdar O, Demirtaş N. 2012. Seasonal variation in food preference of the brown trout Salmo trutta macrostigma (T., 1954) from Uzungöl Stream, Turkey. Afr J Agric Res. 7(13):1982-1987. doi:10.5897/AJAR11.403
  • Kocabaş M, Başçınar N, Kutluyer F, Aksu O. 2013. Ülkemizde yayılım gösteren Salmo trutta macrostigma ekotipi gerçekten yok oluyor mu? Turk J Sci Rev. 6(1): 132-138. [in Turkish]
  • Kocaman EM, Yüksel AY, Atamanalp M. 2004. Tekederesi (Erzurum) Dağ alabalıkları Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858)’nın bazı büyüme özellikleri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 28(6): 981-989. [in Turkish]
  • Kolev V. 2010. Density and biomass of the wild trout in some Bulgarian Rivers. Forestry Ideas 16(2): 221-229.
  • Kolev V. 2012. Stocking plan for the Bunayska River. Forestry Ideas 18(2): 143-149.
  • Korkmaz AŞ, Ölmez M, Atay D. 1998. Observations on some quantitative parameters of fish populations of the Hatila Brook, The Çoruh River, Eastern Turkey. Paper presented at: The Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Fisheries and Ecology; Trabzon, Turkey.
  • Korkmaz AŞ. 2005. Density and Biomass of Fish in Kadıncık (Çamlıyayla-Mersin) Brook. Ankara Univ J Agr Sci. 11(1):91-97. doi:10.1501/0001089
  • Köktürk M, Atamanalp M. 2015. Water quality in Tortum Stream and its tributaries (Erzurum/Turkey). Limnofish 1(1):49-55. doi:10.17216/LimnoFish-5000090849
  • Lacroix GL. 1989. Production of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in two acidic rivers of Nova Scotia. Can J Fish Aqua Sci. 46(11):2003-2018. doi:10.1139/f89-250
  • Maia CFQ, Valente ACN. 1999. The brown trout Salmo trutta L. populations in the river Lima catchment. Limnetica 17(1):119-126.
  • Moutopoulos DK, Stergiou KI. 2002. Length-weight and length-length relationships of fish species from the Aegean Sea (Greece). J App Icht. 18(3): 200-203. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0426.2002.00281.x
  • Neves RJ, Pardue GB. 1983. Abundance and production of fishes in a small Appalachian stream. Trans American Fish Soc. 112(1):21-26. doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1983)112%3C21:AAPOFI%3E2.0.CO;2
  • Ölmez M, Korkmaz AŞ, Atay D. 1998. Age and growth of the brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858) population in the Hatila Brook, the Coruh River, Eastern Turkey. Paper presented at: The Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Fisheries and Ecology; Trabzon, Turkey.
  • Özvarol ZAB, Yıldırım A, Bektaş S, Özvarol Y, Yıldırım S. 2010. Intrabasin variation in growth and condition of brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabited Coruh Basin, Turkey. J Anim Vet Adv. 9(19):2445-2454. doi:10.3923/javaa.2010.2445.2454
  • Petrakis G, Stergiou KI. 1995. Weight-length relationships for 33 fish species in Greek waters. Fish Res. 21(3-4):465-469. doi:10.1016/0165-7836(94)00294-7
  • Platts WS, Mchenry ML. 1988. Density and biomass of trout and char in western streams. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-241. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Report No.:1-17. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.100185***
  • Ricker WE. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Canada, Otlawa: 382 p.
  • Seber GAF. 1973. The Estimation of animal abundance and related parameters. London: Griffin & Co 506 p. Smith KG, Darwall WRT. 2006. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Fish Endemic to the Mediterranean Basin. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Tarkan AS, Gaygusuz Ö, Özuluğ M, Gaygusuz CG. 2008. Reoccurence of Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) in Lake Sapanca Basin (Sakarya Turkey): Implications for conservation. J Fish Aquat Sci. 3(1):87-91. doi:10.3923/jfas.2008.87.91 Tesch FW. 1971. Age and growth. In: Ricker WE, editor. Methods for assessment of fish production in freshwaters. Oxford (UK): Blackwell Sci. p. 93-123.
  • Van Dishoeck P. 2009. Effect of catchability variation on performance of depletion estimators: Application to an adaptive management experiment. Canada: Simon Fraser University. Report No.:483.
  • Vlach P, Dusek J, Svatora M, Moravec P. 2005. Fish assemblage structure, habitat and microhabitat preference of five fish species in a small stream. Folia Zool. 54(4): 421-431.
  • Yıldırım A, Arslan M, Bektaş S, Peters EJ. 2012. Growth properties of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) living in different streams, Upper Coruh River (Turkey). Paper presented at: International Conference on Agricultural, Environment and Biological Sciences; Phuket, Thailand.
  • Zanetti M, Turin P, Piccolo D, Bellio M, Floris B, Bua R, Cottiglia C, Liggi G. 2010. Distribuzione della fauna ittica nei principali bacini idrografici della Provincia di Cagliari. Studi Trent Sci Nat. 87(2010): 269-271.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Özge Zencir Tanır 0000-0002-2111-7019

Özden Fakıoğlu 0000-0003-2015-7446

Publication Date December 29, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Zencir Tanır, Ö., & Fakıoğlu, Ö. (2017). Density, Biomass and Length-Weight Relationship of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) Population in the Çoruh River Basin, North-Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Limnology and Freshwater Fisheries Research, 3(3), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.17216/limnofish.313520