Microstructure and Composition Design Modeling of Thermal Acidic and Enzyme Degraded Adana Origin Maize Starch Granules Using Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM)
Abstract
Native or modified starches are utilized in nutrition, medicine, fabric, paper, detergent and biodegradable plastic industries promising the development of new perceptible product approaches. In this study, Adana origin maize starch granules were treated with thermal, acidic and amylase enzyme degradation processes and examined using the Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM) for the microstructure analysis and composition design modeling. The nanoparticle shape surface and elemental analysis of the degraded starch granules were determined. The destructions of the amylopectin polymer layers upon the degradation steps were particularly presented in extraordinary precision. The experimental deviation ratios modeling of carbon and oxygen elements in glucose molecule were determined as 0.99 and 0.29 respectively.
Keywords
Thermal Acidic and Enzymatic Degradation Adana Origin Corn Starch Granules Microstructure and Composition Design Modeling Structural and compositional analysis Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG-SEM)
References
- Bachler, M.J., Strandberg, G.W., & Smiley, K.L. (1970). Starch conversion by immobilized glucoamylase. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 1:12(1):85–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120108
- BeMiller, J.N. (2009). Starch: Chemistry and Technology, 3rd Ed. Academic Press
- Bertoft, E. (2017). Understanding Starch Structure: Recent Progress. Agronomy 7(3):56. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7030056
- Castillo, L.A., López, O.V., Garcia, M.A., Barbosa, S.E., & Villar, M.A. (2019). Crystalline morphology of thermoplastic starch/talc nanocomposites induced by thermal processing. Heliyon 1:5(6):e01877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01877 Chakraborty, I., Pallen, S., Shetty, Y., Roy, N., & Mazumder, N. (2020). Advanced microscopy techniques for revealing molecular structure of starch granules. Biophysical Reviews 16:12(1):105–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-020-00614-7
- Chen, Y.F., Kaur, L., & Singh, J. (2018). Chemical modification of starch. In: Elsevier eBooks 283–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100868-3.00007-x
- Chen, P., Yu, L., Chen, L., & Li, X. (2006). Morphology and Microstructure of Maize Starches with Different Amylose/Amylopectin Content. Starch-starke 1:58(12):611–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.200500529
- Fannon, J.E., Hauber, R.J., & BeMiller, J.N. (1992). Surface pores of starch granules. Cereal Chemistry 69:284-288. Govindaraju, I., Chakraborty, I., Baruah, V.J., Sarmah, B., Mahato, K.K., & Mazumder, N. (2020). Structure and morphological properties of starch macromolecule using biophysical techniques. Starch-starke 12:73(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202000030
- Hall, D., & Sayre, J.G. (1973). A comparison of starch granules as seen by both scanning electron and ordinary light microscopy. Starch-starke 1;25(4):119–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19730250404
- Hill, R.D., & Dronzek, B.L. (1973). Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Wheat, Potato and Corn Starch during Gelatinization. Starch-starke 1:25(11):367–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19730251104
- Jane, J. (1995). Starch Properties, Modifications, and Applications. Journal of Macromolecular Science 32(4):751-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601329508010286. Li, P., Ben-Shan, Z., Shen, Q., Hu, X., & Li, W. (2010). Preparation and structure analysis of noncrystalline granular starch. International Journal of Food Engineering 26:6(4). https://doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1900
- Liu, Y., Xie, H., & Shi, M., (2016). Effect of ethanol–water solution on the crystallization of short chain amylose from potato starch. Starch - Stärke, 68:683-690. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201500300
- Nikuni, Z. (1978). Studies on Starch Granules. Starch 30(4):105-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19780300402
- Olawoye, B. et al. (2023). Modification of Starch. In: Sharanagat, V.S., Saxena, D.C., Kumar, K., Kumar, Y. (eds) Starch: Advances in Modifications, Technologies and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35843-2_2
- Pfister, B., Zeeman, S.C., Rugen, M.D., Field, R.A., Ebenhöh, O., & Raguin, A. (2020). Theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the biosynthesis of starch granules in a physiological context. Photosynthesis Research 18:145(1):55–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-019-00704-y
- PubChem. (2023). Compound Summary for CID 439207 Amylopectin, National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Amylopectin
- Robyt, J. (2008). Starch: Structure, Properties, Chemistry, and Enzymology. In: Fraser-Reid BO, Tatsuta K, Thiem J, Glycoscience. Springer, 1437–1472. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30429-6_35.
- Rolbiecki, R., Yücel, A.G., Kocięcka, J., Atilgan, A., Markovıć, M., & Liberacki, D. (2022). Analysis of SPI as a Drought Indicator during the Maize Growing Period in the Çukurova Region (Turkey). Sustainability Mar 21:14(6):3697. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063697
- Shi, M., Yue, J., Liu, Y., Huang, X., Wang, H., & Yan, Y. (2019). Structure and physicochemical properties of malate starches from corn, potato, and wrinkled pea starches. Polymers 19:11(9):1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091523
- Say, S.M., & Erdogan, Y., (2011). Energy use pattern of first crop maize production: Case study for Cukurova region in a sample farm. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 9(2):309-312.
- Vilpoux, O.F., & Silveira, J.F.S. (2023). Global production and use of starch. In: Elsevier eBooks 43–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90058-4.00014-1
Isıl Asidik ve Enzimlerle Bozunmuş Adana Menşeli Mısır Nişastası Granüllerinin Alan Emisyon Tabancası – Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (AET-TEM) Kullanılarak Mikroyapı ve Bileşim Tasarımı Modellemesi
Abstract
Doğal veya işlenmiş nişastalar; beslenme, ilaç, kumaş, kağıt, deterjan ve biyobozunur plastik endüstrilerinde yeni algılanabilir ürün yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesini vaat etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Adana menşeli mısır nişastası granülleri ısıl, asidik ve amilaz enzim bozunma işlemlerine tabi tutularak mikroyapı analizi ve kompozisyon tasarım modellemesi amacıyla Alan Emisyon Tabancası-Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (FEG-SEM) kullanılarak incelendi. Bozunmuş nişasta granüllerinin nanoparçacık şekil yüzeyi ve element analizi yapıldı. Bozunma basamakları üzerine amilopektin polimer katmanlarının bozunma aşamaları özellikle fevkalade bir hassasiyetle sunuldu. Glikoz molekülündeki karbon ve oksijen elementlerinin deneysel uyum oranları benzeşiklenmesi sırasıyla 0,99 ve 0,29 olarak belirlendi.
Keywords
Isıl Asidik ve Enzimatik Bozunma Adana Menşeli Mısır Nişastası Granülleri Mikroyapı ve Bileşim Tasarımı Modellemesi Yapısal ve bileşim analizleri Alan Emisyon Tabancası – Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (FEG-SEM)
References
- Bachler, M.J., Strandberg, G.W., & Smiley, K.L. (1970). Starch conversion by immobilized glucoamylase. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 1:12(1):85–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120108
- BeMiller, J.N. (2009). Starch: Chemistry and Technology, 3rd Ed. Academic Press
- Bertoft, E. (2017). Understanding Starch Structure: Recent Progress. Agronomy 7(3):56. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7030056
- Castillo, L.A., López, O.V., Garcia, M.A., Barbosa, S.E., & Villar, M.A. (2019). Crystalline morphology of thermoplastic starch/talc nanocomposites induced by thermal processing. Heliyon 1:5(6):e01877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01877 Chakraborty, I., Pallen, S., Shetty, Y., Roy, N., & Mazumder, N. (2020). Advanced microscopy techniques for revealing molecular structure of starch granules. Biophysical Reviews 16:12(1):105–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-020-00614-7
- Chen, Y.F., Kaur, L., & Singh, J. (2018). Chemical modification of starch. In: Elsevier eBooks 283–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100868-3.00007-x
- Chen, P., Yu, L., Chen, L., & Li, X. (2006). Morphology and Microstructure of Maize Starches with Different Amylose/Amylopectin Content. Starch-starke 1:58(12):611–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.200500529
- Fannon, J.E., Hauber, R.J., & BeMiller, J.N. (1992). Surface pores of starch granules. Cereal Chemistry 69:284-288. Govindaraju, I., Chakraborty, I., Baruah, V.J., Sarmah, B., Mahato, K.K., & Mazumder, N. (2020). Structure and morphological properties of starch macromolecule using biophysical techniques. Starch-starke 12:73(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202000030
- Hall, D., & Sayre, J.G. (1973). A comparison of starch granules as seen by both scanning electron and ordinary light microscopy. Starch-starke 1;25(4):119–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19730250404
- Hill, R.D., & Dronzek, B.L. (1973). Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Wheat, Potato and Corn Starch during Gelatinization. Starch-starke 1:25(11):367–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19730251104
- Jane, J. (1995). Starch Properties, Modifications, and Applications. Journal of Macromolecular Science 32(4):751-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10601329508010286. Li, P., Ben-Shan, Z., Shen, Q., Hu, X., & Li, W. (2010). Preparation and structure analysis of noncrystalline granular starch. International Journal of Food Engineering 26:6(4). https://doi.org/10.2202/1556-3758.1900
- Liu, Y., Xie, H., & Shi, M., (2016). Effect of ethanol–water solution on the crystallization of short chain amylose from potato starch. Starch - Stärke, 68:683-690. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201500300
- Nikuni, Z. (1978). Studies on Starch Granules. Starch 30(4):105-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19780300402
- Olawoye, B. et al. (2023). Modification of Starch. In: Sharanagat, V.S., Saxena, D.C., Kumar, K., Kumar, Y. (eds) Starch: Advances in Modifications, Technologies and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35843-2_2
- Pfister, B., Zeeman, S.C., Rugen, M.D., Field, R.A., Ebenhöh, O., & Raguin, A. (2020). Theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the biosynthesis of starch granules in a physiological context. Photosynthesis Research 18:145(1):55–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-019-00704-y
- PubChem. (2023). Compound Summary for CID 439207 Amylopectin, National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Amylopectin
- Robyt, J. (2008). Starch: Structure, Properties, Chemistry, and Enzymology. In: Fraser-Reid BO, Tatsuta K, Thiem J, Glycoscience. Springer, 1437–1472. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30429-6_35.
- Rolbiecki, R., Yücel, A.G., Kocięcka, J., Atilgan, A., Markovıć, M., & Liberacki, D. (2022). Analysis of SPI as a Drought Indicator during the Maize Growing Period in the Çukurova Region (Turkey). Sustainability Mar 21:14(6):3697. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063697
- Shi, M., Yue, J., Liu, Y., Huang, X., Wang, H., & Yan, Y. (2019). Structure and physicochemical properties of malate starches from corn, potato, and wrinkled pea starches. Polymers 19:11(9):1523. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091523
- Say, S.M., & Erdogan, Y., (2011). Energy use pattern of first crop maize production: Case study for Cukurova region in a sample farm. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 9(2):309-312.
- Vilpoux, O.F., & Silveira, J.F.S. (2023). Global production and use of starch. In: Elsevier eBooks 43–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90058-4.00014-1
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Food Engineering, Materials Science and Technologies, Polymer Science and Technologies, Powder and Particle Technology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | April 22, 2024 |
| Publication Date | |
| Submission Date | February 8, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | April 4, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 |