Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 186 - 196, 19.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1136780

Abstract

Livestock in West Africa is an example of regional value chain development. It is essentially based on the trade in livestock between production areas and consumption centers. The livestock trade is an important economic activity in pastoral and agro-pastoral communities as it is their source of income. The livestock trade in these regions takes place at several sites, the best known of which are the livestock markets. Two different types of livestock market are investigated in this study. Self-managed livestock markets (Marché à Bétail Autogéré: MBA), are new models for marketing livestock in the Republic of Benin. Unlike traditional livestock markets (Marché à Bétail traditionnel: MT), MBAs offer several advantages to its participants by creating a platform where sellers and buyers can meet to trade without intermediaries. The absence of the intermediary system in the operation of MBA markets makes them different from MT markets. Because of their important role in rural development, MBAs have become the focus of policy makers and international development organizations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors that affect farmers' participation in MBA markets. The study used primary data collected from face-to-face surveys of a random sample of 300 livestock farmers consisting of 150 respondents from the MBA and 150 respondents from the MT. Descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic Regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the Logistic Regression Analysis revealed that access to market information, payment type, cooperative partnership, beef cattle herd size, sheep herd size, goat herd size and farmland ownership have significant positive effects on MBA market participation, while distance to market has significant negative effects on MBA market participation. Improving these factors could increase the participation of livestock farmers in the MBAs in the Republic of Benin. This would increase their income and improve their living conditions. Knowledge of the factors influencing participation in MBA markets would also help stakeholders and policy makers in their decision making.

References

  • Abate, D., Addis, Y. (2021). Factors affecting the intensity of market participation of smallholder sheep producers in northern Ethiopia: Poisson regression approach. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 7(1):1874154.
  • Alene, A.D., Manyong, V.M., Omanya, G., Mignouna, H.D., Bokanga, M., Odhiambo, G. (2008). Smallholder market participation under transactions costs: Maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya. Food Policy, 33 (2008):318–328.
  • Alkemade, R., Reid, R.S., van den Berg, M., de Leeuw, J., Jeuken, M. (2013). Assessing the impacts of livestock production on biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(52):20900–20905.
  • Altekin, H., Demirbaş, N. (2021). Determination of the Factors Affecting Producers' Decisions for Harvest of Bottom Olive: The Case from Izmir Province. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 9(2):229–236.
  • Ayele, S., Workalemahu, A., Jabbar, M.A., Ahmed, M.M., Hurissa, B. (2003). Livestock marketing in Ethiopia: A review of structure, performance, and development initiatives. Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper No. 52. ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Ayele, S., Lemma, Z., Berhanu, G. (2019). Determinants of Beef Cattle Market Participation Decision by Smallholder Farmers in Dugda and Bora Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 9(20):2224-3186.
  • Bahta, S.T., Bauer, S. (2007). Analysis of the determinants of market participation within the South African small-scale livestock sector. Paper presented at Tropentag. witzenhausen: Utilisation of diversity in land use systems: Sustainable organic approaches to meet human needs. http://www.tropentag.de/2007/abstracts/full/422.pdf. (Accessed on 15th September 2021).
  • Barrett, C.B. (2008). Smallholder market participation: Concepts and evidence from eastern and Southern Africa. Food Policy, 33(4):299–317.
  • Barrett, C.B., Chabari, F., Bailey, D., Coppock, D.L., Little, P.D. (2003). Livestock pricing in the Northern Kenyan Rangelands. Journal of African Economies, 12(2):127–155.
  • Chabi, T.R. (2016). Place de l’élevage bovin dans l’économie rurale des Peuls du Nord Bénin. (Thèse de Doctorat) Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgique.
  • Chhetri, B.B.K., Johnsen, F.H., Konoshima, M., Yoshimoto, A. (2013). Community forestry in the hills of Nepal: Determinants of user participation in forest management. Forest Policy and Economics, 30(2013):6–13.
  • Duteurtre, G., Alary, V., Ancey, V., Corniaux, C., Dieye, P.N., Gautier, D., Ninot, O., Vatin, F. (2010). Accès aux Marchés et Développement de l’élevage en Afrique : la Construction Sociale des Liens Marchands. Proposition de communication aux 4èmes journées « Sciences sociales » SFER-INRA CIRAD Rennes, Agro-campus Ouest, les 9 et 10 décembre 2010.
  • Ehui, S., Benin, S., Paulos, A. (2009). Policy Options for Improving Market Participation and Sales of Smallholder Livestock Producers: A case study of Ethiopia. International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference. August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China.
  • FAO and ECOWAS (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Economic Community of West African States) (2016). Revue des filières bétail/viande & lait et des politiques qui les influencent au Bénin. 1-76.
  • Girma, M., Abebaw, D. (2012). Patterns and Determinants of Livestock Farmers’ Choice of Marketing Channels: Micro-level Evidence. Working Paper, No 1/ 2012.
  • Greene, W.H. (2003). Econometric Analysis. 4th edn. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Key, N., Sadoulet, E., De Janvry, A. (2000). Transaction costs and agriculture household supply response. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(2): 245–259.
  • Kyeyamwa, H., Verbeke, W., Speelman, S., Opuda-Asibo, J., Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2008). Structure and Dynamics of Livestock Marketing in Rural Uganda: Constraints and Prospects for Research and Development. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 20(4): 59-89.
  • Lutta, A.I., Wasonga, O.V., Robinson, L.W., Nyangito, M.M., Sircely, J. (2021). Determinants of livestock market participation among pastoral communities of Tana River County, Kenya. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23: 7393–7411.
  • Makhura, M., Kirsten, J., Delgado, C. (2001). Transaction Costs and Smallholder Participation in the Maize Market in the Northern Province of South Africa. 7th Eastern and Southern Africa regional Conference, February 11–15, pp 463 – 467.
  • Marwati, S., Rahajuni, D., Supadi, S. (2020). Factors affecting income of female workers producing ketupat casing and their contribution to house-hold income. EKO-REGIONAL, 15(1): 44-52.
  • May, S., Hosmer, D.W. (2003). Hosmer and Lemeshow type Goodness-of-Fit Statistics for the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, Handbook of Statistics. Advances in Survival Analysis.
  • Moussa, I.S. (2014). Contribution à l’amélioration de l’efficacité financière de l’ALGMB de Gogounou. (Mémoire de Master) Université de Parakou. Faculté d’Agronomie, Parakou, Bénin.
  • Musemwa, L., Chagwiza, C., Sikuka, W., Frase, G., Chimoyo, M., Mzileni, N. (2007). Analysis of Cattle market participation by small scale farmers in the Eastern Cape Province. South Africa. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 19: 31.
  • Nechar M., Assassı, S., Bendrıssou M. (2021). What Impact of Social Networks on Farmer's Performances: Case of the Milk Sector in Ghardaïa, Algeria. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(4):625-635.
  • Nightingale, A.J. (2002). Participating or just sitting in? The dynamics of gender and caste in community forestry. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 2(1):17–24.
  • Onibon, P. (2004). Rapport de synthèse de l’atelier de Ouagadougou <<stratégie à bétail autogéré au Nord du Bénin>> Ouagadougou, 15p.
  • Rad, S.T., Kurt, Ş., Polatöz, S. (2013). Use of information and communication technologies in rural Mersin (Turkey); prospects for rural development. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 10 (3): 1302-7050.
  • Rahman, K.T., Akter, M., Miah, M.M.A., Palash, M.S. (2019). Livestock market integration and price dynamics in the United States. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, 40:31-41.
  • Sehar, M. (2018). Factors influencing market access and livestock marketing inefficiency in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. (Master Thesis) South Africa University. The Institute of Science, South Africa.
  • Shrestha, N. (2019). Application of binary logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of overweight. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 8(1):18-25.
  • Şeref, K., Ali, S.A., Abdullah, E., Engin, K., Belma, A., Meltem, K., Hidayet, Ü.K., Eda, U.Ç., Aliye, K., Ömer, L. A., Nezihe, U., Hakan, D., Didar, B.İ., Onur, S. (2016). SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques, ISBN: 975-9091-14-3, 7th Edition.
  • Terfa, Z.G. (2012). Sheep Market Participation of Rural Households in Western Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(10):1504–1511.
  • UDOPER (Union Départementale des Organisations Professionnelles d’Eleveurs de Ruminants) (2007). Le marché à bétail autogéré de Gogounou : partie 1. - 9 min (Bande son). Bulletin d’information radio diffusé.
  • Vincent, N., Langat, B., Korir, M.K., Ngeno, K., Kipsat, M.J. (2010). Probability of pastoralists’ participation in livestock markets in Eastern Pokot district Kenya. Paper presented at the 12th KARI Biennial Scientific Conference. Www.kari.org. (Accessed on 15th September 2021).
  • Zaibet, L., Hammami, S., Jabbar, M. (2009). Durabilité des Systèmes d’élevage des Petits Ruminants en Tunisie: Une Approche de santé Animale et Marketing. Discussion Paper No. 17. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 138 pp.
  • Zamasiya, B., Mango, N., Nyikahadzoi, K., Siziba, S. (2014). Determinants of soybean market participation by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 6: 49-58.

Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 186 - 196, 19.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1136780

Abstract

Batı Afrika'da hayvancılık faaliyeti, bölgesel bir değer zinciri gelişimine karşılık gelmektedir. Bu zincir, temel olarak üretim alanları ile tüketim merkezleri arasındaki hayvan ticaretinden oluşmaktadır. Batı Afrika’da hayvan ticareti, pastoral ve agro-pastoral toplulukların gelir kaynağı olması nedeniyle önemli bir ekonomik faaliyettir. Bu bölgelerde hayvan ticareti, en yoğun olarak hayvan pazarlarında olmak üzere farklı yerlerde gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir Afrika ülkesi olan Benin Cumhuriyeti'nde iki farklı hayvan pazarı modeli kapsama alınmıştır. Bunlardan biri olan “Kendi Kendini Yöneten Hayvan Pazarları (Marché à Bétail Autogéré: MBA)”, Benin Cumhuriyeti'nde hayvanların pazarlanması için yeni bir modeldir. Diğer hayvan pazarı modeli olan “Geleneksel Hayvan Pazarlarından (Marché à Bétail traditionnel: MT)” farklı olarak MBA'lar, satıcı ve alıcıların aracılar olmadan ticaret yapmak için bir araya gelebilecekleri bir platform oluşturarak paydaşlarına çeşitli avantajlar sunmaktadır. MBA’ların işleyiş mekanizmasında aracılık sisteminin bulunmaması, bu pazarları MT’lerden farklı kılmaktadır. Kırsal kalkınmadaki önemli rolleri nedeniyle, MBA'lar Benin Cumhuriyeti’nde politikacıların ve uluslararası kalkınma kuruluşlarının odak noktası haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu araştırmada çiftçilerin Kendi Kendini Yöneten Hayvan Pazarlarına katılımını etkileyen faktörlerin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın birincil verileri, 150'si MBA'lardan ve 150'si MT'lerden olmak üzere 300 çiftçiden oluşan rastgele bir örneklemle yüz yüze yapılan anketler aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verileri analiz etmek için tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve Binary Lojistik Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, pazar bilgilerine erişim, ödeme şekli, kooperatif ortaklığı, sığır sürüsünün büyüklüğü, koyun sürüsünün büyüklüğü, keçi sürüsünün büyüklüğü ve tarım arazisi büyüklüğü çiftçilerin MBA seçimini anlamlı ve olumlu yönde etkilerken, pazara uzaklık MBA seçimini anlamlı ve olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Belirlenen bu faktörlerle ilgili iyileştirmelere gidilmesi, Benin Cumhuriyeti'ndeki hayvan yetiştiricilerinin bu yeni pazar modeline katılımını artırabilecektir. Bu ise yetiştiricilerin gelirlerini artırırken, yaşam koşullarını da iyileştirebilecektir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları, gelir ve yaşam koşullarının iyileştirilmesi hedefleri yönünden, pazar paydaşlarına ve politikacılara karar alma süreçlerinde yardımcı olacaktır.

References

  • Abate, D., Addis, Y. (2021). Factors affecting the intensity of market participation of smallholder sheep producers in northern Ethiopia: Poisson regression approach. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 7(1):1874154.
  • Alene, A.D., Manyong, V.M., Omanya, G., Mignouna, H.D., Bokanga, M., Odhiambo, G. (2008). Smallholder market participation under transactions costs: Maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya. Food Policy, 33 (2008):318–328.
  • Alkemade, R., Reid, R.S., van den Berg, M., de Leeuw, J., Jeuken, M. (2013). Assessing the impacts of livestock production on biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(52):20900–20905.
  • Altekin, H., Demirbaş, N. (2021). Determination of the Factors Affecting Producers' Decisions for Harvest of Bottom Olive: The Case from Izmir Province. COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty, 9(2):229–236.
  • Ayele, S., Workalemahu, A., Jabbar, M.A., Ahmed, M.M., Hurissa, B. (2003). Livestock marketing in Ethiopia: A review of structure, performance, and development initiatives. Socio-economics and Policy Research Working Paper No. 52. ILRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Ayele, S., Lemma, Z., Berhanu, G. (2019). Determinants of Beef Cattle Market Participation Decision by Smallholder Farmers in Dugda and Bora Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 9(20):2224-3186.
  • Bahta, S.T., Bauer, S. (2007). Analysis of the determinants of market participation within the South African small-scale livestock sector. Paper presented at Tropentag. witzenhausen: Utilisation of diversity in land use systems: Sustainable organic approaches to meet human needs. http://www.tropentag.de/2007/abstracts/full/422.pdf. (Accessed on 15th September 2021).
  • Barrett, C.B. (2008). Smallholder market participation: Concepts and evidence from eastern and Southern Africa. Food Policy, 33(4):299–317.
  • Barrett, C.B., Chabari, F., Bailey, D., Coppock, D.L., Little, P.D. (2003). Livestock pricing in the Northern Kenyan Rangelands. Journal of African Economies, 12(2):127–155.
  • Chabi, T.R. (2016). Place de l’élevage bovin dans l’économie rurale des Peuls du Nord Bénin. (Thèse de Doctorat) Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgique.
  • Chhetri, B.B.K., Johnsen, F.H., Konoshima, M., Yoshimoto, A. (2013). Community forestry in the hills of Nepal: Determinants of user participation in forest management. Forest Policy and Economics, 30(2013):6–13.
  • Duteurtre, G., Alary, V., Ancey, V., Corniaux, C., Dieye, P.N., Gautier, D., Ninot, O., Vatin, F. (2010). Accès aux Marchés et Développement de l’élevage en Afrique : la Construction Sociale des Liens Marchands. Proposition de communication aux 4èmes journées « Sciences sociales » SFER-INRA CIRAD Rennes, Agro-campus Ouest, les 9 et 10 décembre 2010.
  • Ehui, S., Benin, S., Paulos, A. (2009). Policy Options for Improving Market Participation and Sales of Smallholder Livestock Producers: A case study of Ethiopia. International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference. August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China.
  • FAO and ECOWAS (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Economic Community of West African States) (2016). Revue des filières bétail/viande & lait et des politiques qui les influencent au Bénin. 1-76.
  • Girma, M., Abebaw, D. (2012). Patterns and Determinants of Livestock Farmers’ Choice of Marketing Channels: Micro-level Evidence. Working Paper, No 1/ 2012.
  • Greene, W.H. (2003). Econometric Analysis. 4th edn. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Key, N., Sadoulet, E., De Janvry, A. (2000). Transaction costs and agriculture household supply response. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(2): 245–259.
  • Kyeyamwa, H., Verbeke, W., Speelman, S., Opuda-Asibo, J., Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2008). Structure and Dynamics of Livestock Marketing in Rural Uganda: Constraints and Prospects for Research and Development. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 20(4): 59-89.
  • Lutta, A.I., Wasonga, O.V., Robinson, L.W., Nyangito, M.M., Sircely, J. (2021). Determinants of livestock market participation among pastoral communities of Tana River County, Kenya. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23: 7393–7411.
  • Makhura, M., Kirsten, J., Delgado, C. (2001). Transaction Costs and Smallholder Participation in the Maize Market in the Northern Province of South Africa. 7th Eastern and Southern Africa regional Conference, February 11–15, pp 463 – 467.
  • Marwati, S., Rahajuni, D., Supadi, S. (2020). Factors affecting income of female workers producing ketupat casing and their contribution to house-hold income. EKO-REGIONAL, 15(1): 44-52.
  • May, S., Hosmer, D.W. (2003). Hosmer and Lemeshow type Goodness-of-Fit Statistics for the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, Handbook of Statistics. Advances in Survival Analysis.
  • Moussa, I.S. (2014). Contribution à l’amélioration de l’efficacité financière de l’ALGMB de Gogounou. (Mémoire de Master) Université de Parakou. Faculté d’Agronomie, Parakou, Bénin.
  • Musemwa, L., Chagwiza, C., Sikuka, W., Frase, G., Chimoyo, M., Mzileni, N. (2007). Analysis of Cattle market participation by small scale farmers in the Eastern Cape Province. South Africa. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 19: 31.
  • Nechar M., Assassı, S., Bendrıssou M. (2021). What Impact of Social Networks on Farmer's Performances: Case of the Milk Sector in Ghardaïa, Algeria. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(4):625-635.
  • Nightingale, A.J. (2002). Participating or just sitting in? The dynamics of gender and caste in community forestry. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 2(1):17–24.
  • Onibon, P. (2004). Rapport de synthèse de l’atelier de Ouagadougou <<stratégie à bétail autogéré au Nord du Bénin>> Ouagadougou, 15p.
  • Rad, S.T., Kurt, Ş., Polatöz, S. (2013). Use of information and communication technologies in rural Mersin (Turkey); prospects for rural development. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 10 (3): 1302-7050.
  • Rahman, K.T., Akter, M., Miah, M.M.A., Palash, M.S. (2019). Livestock market integration and price dynamics in the United States. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, 40:31-41.
  • Sehar, M. (2018). Factors influencing market access and livestock marketing inefficiency in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. (Master Thesis) South Africa University. The Institute of Science, South Africa.
  • Shrestha, N. (2019). Application of binary logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of overweight. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 8(1):18-25.
  • Şeref, K., Ali, S.A., Abdullah, E., Engin, K., Belma, A., Meltem, K., Hidayet, Ü.K., Eda, U.Ç., Aliye, K., Ömer, L. A., Nezihe, U., Hakan, D., Didar, B.İ., Onur, S. (2016). SPSS Applied Multivariate Statistical Techniques, ISBN: 975-9091-14-3, 7th Edition.
  • Terfa, Z.G. (2012). Sheep Market Participation of Rural Households in Western Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(10):1504–1511.
  • UDOPER (Union Départementale des Organisations Professionnelles d’Eleveurs de Ruminants) (2007). Le marché à bétail autogéré de Gogounou : partie 1. - 9 min (Bande son). Bulletin d’information radio diffusé.
  • Vincent, N., Langat, B., Korir, M.K., Ngeno, K., Kipsat, M.J. (2010). Probability of pastoralists’ participation in livestock markets in Eastern Pokot district Kenya. Paper presented at the 12th KARI Biennial Scientific Conference. Www.kari.org. (Accessed on 15th September 2021).
  • Zaibet, L., Hammami, S., Jabbar, M. (2009). Durabilité des Systèmes d’élevage des Petits Ruminants en Tunisie: Une Approche de santé Animale et Marketing. Discussion Paper No. 17. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. 138 pp.
  • Zamasiya, B., Mango, N., Nyikahadzoi, K., Siziba, S. (2014). Determinants of soybean market participation by smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 6: 49-58.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Oscar Akouegnonhou 0000-0002-1379-0211

Nevin Demirbaş 0000-0002-0541-1437

Publication Date January 19, 2023
Submission Date June 27, 2022
Acceptance Date November 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Akouegnonhou, O., & Demirbaş, N. (2023). Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 186-196. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1136780
AMA Akouegnonhou O, Demirbaş N. Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin. JOTAF. January 2023;20(1):186-196. doi:10.33462/jotaf.1136780
Chicago Akouegnonhou, Oscar, and Nevin Demirbaş. “Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20, no. 1 (January 2023): 186-96. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1136780.
EndNote Akouegnonhou O, Demirbaş N (January 1, 2023) Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20 1 186–196.
IEEE O. Akouegnonhou and N. Demirbaş, “Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin”, JOTAF, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 186–196, 2023, doi: 10.33462/jotaf.1136780.
ISNAD Akouegnonhou, Oscar - Demirbaş, Nevin. “Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 20/1 (January 2023), 186-196. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1136780.
JAMA Akouegnonhou O, Demirbaş N. Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin. JOTAF. 2023;20:186–196.
MLA Akouegnonhou, Oscar and Nevin Demirbaş. “Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 1, 2023, pp. 186-9, doi:10.33462/jotaf.1136780.
Vancouver Akouegnonhou O, Demirbaş N. Factors Influencing Participation in Self-Managed Livestock Markets in Rural Communities in the Republic of Benin. JOTAF. 2023;20(1):186-9.