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Is Trawl Fishery on the Verge of Collapse in Foça, Türkiye, Eastern Mediterranean?

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 04.07.2023

Vahdet Ünal Fikret Öndes

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1209173

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to examine the status and historical change of trawl fishing fleet in the Foça in the Aegean Sea. The data of the study representing all actively working trawlers in 1998-1999 and 2019 were collected through face-to-face interviews with trawler boat owners in Foca. The questionnaire consisted of questions related to the characteristics of the vessels, fishing activity, socio-demographics of fishers, running costs, annual landings of species and management issues. The study indicated that the annual landings of the main target species significantly decreased over the last two decades. Fishers reported the landings of some species including Dentex gibbosus, Dentex macrophthalmus, Homarus gammarus, Mustelus mustelus, Octopus vulgaris, Parapenaus longirostris, Scomber colias, Scorpaena porcus, Scorpaena scrofa, Spicara smaris, Trachurus spp. and Zeus faber decreased considerably over this period. Over the same period, a decrease was found in the mean length of Merluccius merluccius, Lophius piscatorius and Zeus faber. The vessels’ fuel tank volume and tow duration showed significant increases from 1999 to 2019. The trawl fleet decreased by ~75% from 1999 to 2019 and 55% of the current fishers reported that they may leave the fishery sector within the next 10 years. A change was also determined in the tradition of the sharing system, which is the number of crews paid in shares rather than a fixed salary, significantly decreased. Moreover, the crew numbers from vessel owners’ households significantly decreased. As a result, we discussed the changes, problems, regulations and restrictions related to trawl fishery in Foça, which used to be the most important trawling fishing center of the Aegean twenty years ago. We found dramatic changes in many aspects compared to what it was two decades ago and provided suggestions regarding fisheries management.

Keywords

Mullidae Mustelus mustelus Lophius piscatorius fisheries management trawl fishery Mediterranean

Thanks

We would like to thank Necdet Turguttekin a former of Foça Fishery Cooperative and all other trawlers who cooperated with us over the years.

References

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Foça'da (Doğu Akdeniz, Türkiye) Trol Balıkçılığı Çöküşün Eşiğinde mi?

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 04.07.2023

Vahdet Ünal Fikret Öndes

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1209173

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Ege Denizi Foça'daki trol filosunun mevcut durumu ve tarihsel değişimi hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçladık. 1998-1999 ve 2019 yıllarında aktif olarak çalışan tüm trol teknelerini temsil eden çalışmanın verileri, Foça'da bulunan trol teknesi sahipleri ile yüz yüze görüşülerek toplanmıştır. Anket; gemilerin özellikleri ve balıkçılık faaliyetleri, balıkçıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, balıkçılık giderleri, türlerin yıllık karaya çıkış miktarları ve yönetim konuları ile ilgili sorulardan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, hedef türlerdeki av miktarının son yirmi yılda önemli ölçüde azaldığını gösterdi. Balıkçılar, Dentex gibbosus, Dentex macrophthalmus, Homarus gammarus, Mustelus mustelus, Octopus vulgaris, Parapenaus longirostris, Scomber colias, Scorpaena porcus, Scorpaena scrofa, Spicara smaris, Trachurus spp. and Zeus faber gibi bazı türlerin karaya çıkışlarının bu dönemde dikkate değer bir düşüş gösterdiğini rapor etti. Aynı dönemde Merluccius merluccius, Lophius piscatorius ve Zeus faber gibi bazı türlerin ortalama boylarında da azalma görülmüştür. Gemilerin akaryakıt tanklarının hacmi ve operasyon süreleri 1999'dan 2019'a önemli artışlar gösterdi. Foça'nın trol filosunda 1999'dan 2019'a yaklaşık %75 azalma saptandı. Mevcut balıkçıların %55’i önümüzdeki 10 yıl içinde balıkçılık sektöründen ayrılabileceklerini bildirdi. Bu durum trol balıkçılığında paycılık sistemi geleneğini de değiştirmiş; maaş yerine pay olarak ödenen personel (mürettebat) sayısı önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Ayrıca, tekne sahiplerinin hane halkından gelen mürettebat sayısı son yirmi yılda önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yirmi yıl evvel Ege’nin en önemli trol merkezi olan Foça’da günümüzde nasıl bir değişim olduğunu, sorunları, balıkçılık düzenlemeleri ve kısıtlamaları tartıştık. Yirmi yıl öncesine kıyasla birçok açıdan çarpıcı değişiklikler bulduk ve balıkçılık yönetimine ilişkin önerilerde bulunduk.

Keywords

Mullidae Mustelus mustelus Lophius piscatorius Balıkçılık yönetimi Trol balıkçılığı Akdeniz

References

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  • Anon. (2020). 5/1 Numaralı ticari amaçlı su ürünleri avcılığının düzenlenmesi hakkında tebliğ (tebliğ no: 2020/20) [Communiqué on the regulation of commercial fisheries No. 5/1 (Communiqué No. 2020/20).] [In Turkish.]
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  • Can, M. F., & Demirci, A. (2004). Effect of Towing Duration on the Catch per Unit of Swept Area (CPUE) for Lizardfish, Saurida undosquamis (Richardson, 1848), from the Bottom Trawl Surveys in the İskenderun Bay. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 4(2).
  • Ceriola, L., Accadia, P., Mannini, P., Massa, F., Milone, N., & Ungaro, N. (2008). A bio-economic indicators suite for the appraisal of the demersal trawl fishery in the Southern Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean). Fisheries Research, 92(2-3), 255-267.
  • Collie, J. S., Hall, S. J., Kaiser, M. J., & Poiner, I. R. (2000). A quantitative analysis of fishing impacts on shelf‐sea benthos. Journal of Animal Ecology, 69(5), 785-798.
  • Demestre, M., de Juan, S., Sartor, P., & Ligas, A. (2008). Seasonal closures as a measure of trawling effort control in two Mediterranean trawling grounds: effects on epibenthic communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(10), 1765-1773.
  • Demirel, N., Zengin, M., and Ulman, A. (2020) First large-scale Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea stock assessment reveals a dramatic decline. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 103.
  • Depestele, J., Desender, M., Benoît, H. P., Polet, H., & Vincx, M. (2014). Short-term survival of discarded target fish and non-target invertebrate species in the “eurocutter” beam trawl fishery of the southern North Sea. Fisheries Research, 154, 82-92.
  • Dereli H., Ünal, V., Miliou A., Tsimpidis T., Trompouki I., Tosunoğlu Z., Alexopoulos K., Ulman A.(2022). Comparison of Technical Measures in the Aegean Sea to Support Harmonization of Fisheries Management Policies. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 52(2), 2022, 111–123 | DOI 10.3897/aiep.52.80083
  • Düzbastılar, F. O., Aydin, C., Metin, G., Lök, A., Ulaş, A., Özgül, A., ... & Tokaç, A. (2010). Survival of fish after escape from a 40 mm stretched diamond mesh trawl codend in the Aegean Sea. Scientia Marina, 74(4), 755-761.
  • Eryaşar, A.R., Özbilgin, H., Gücü, A.C., Sakınan, S. (2014). Marine debris in bottom trawl catches and their effects on the selectivity grids in the north eastern Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 81, (2014) 80-84.
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  • FAO. (1985). Papers presented at the Expert Consultation on the regulation of fishing effort (fishing mortality). Rome, 17–26 January 1983. A preparatory meeting for the FAO World Conference on fisheries management and development. FAO Fish.Rep., (298) Suppl.3, 215-470.
  • FAO. (2020). The State of Mediterranean and Black Sea Fisheries 2020. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2429en
  • García-De-Vinuesa, A., Breen, M., Benoît, H. P., Maynou, F., & Demestre, M. (2020). Seasonal variation in the survival of discarded Nephrops norvegicus in a NW Mediterranean bottom-trawl fishery. Fisheries Research, 230, 105671.
  • Gerritsen, H., & Lordan, C. (2011). Integrating vessel monitoring systems (VMS) data with daily catch data from logbooks to explore the spatial distribution of catch and effort at high resolution. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68(1), 245-252.
  • Goffredo, S., & Dubinsky, Z. (Eds.). (2013). The Mediterranean Sea: Its history and present challenges. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN, 9400767048, 9789400767041, 678 p.
  • Gökçe, G., Saygu, İ., Eryaşar, A.R. (2016). Catch composition of trawl fishery in Mersin Bay with emphasis on catch biodiversity. Turk. J. Zool., 40, 522-533, doi:10.3906/zoo-1505-35
  • Gurbet, R., Akyol, O., Yalcin, E., Ozaydin, O. (2013). Discards in bottom trawl fishery in the Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay, Turkey). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 29 (6), 1269-1274.
  • Gücü, A.C. (2012). Impact of depth and season on the demersal trawl discard. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci., 12, 817-830.
  • Güçlüsoy, H., Öndes, F. & Tosunoğlu, Z. (2020). The catch characteristics of a set longline fishery in the Foça Special Environmental Protection Area, Turkey. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 50(3), 247-255.
  • İlkyaz A. T., Metin G., Soykan O., Kinacigil H. T. (2018). Spawning season, first maturity length and age of 21 fish species from the central Aegean Sea, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18, 211-216.
  • Jennings, S., & Kaiser, M. J. (1998). The effects of fishing on marine ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 34, 201-352.
  • Kaiser, M. J., & Spencer, B. E. (1993). A preliminary assessment of the immediate effects of beam trawling on a benthic community in the Irish Sea. CM Documents-ICES, (B: 38).
  • Kaiser, M. J., & Spencer, B. E. (1995). Survival of by-catch from a beam trawl. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 126, 31-38.
  • Keskin Ç., Ordines F., Ates C., Moranta J., Massutí E. (2014). Preliminary evaluation of landings and discards of the Turkish bottom trawl fishery in the northeastern Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Sci. Mar. 78(2), 213-225. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03942.30B
  • Lambert, G. I., Jennings, S., Hiddink, J. G., Hintzen, N. T., Hinz, H., Kaiser, M. J., & Murray, L. G. (2012). Implications of using alternative methods of vessel monitoring system (VMS) data analysis to describe fishing activities and impacts. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69(4), 682-693.
  • Lök, A., Tokaç, A., Tosunoǧlu, Z., Metin, C., & Ferro, R. S. T. (1997). The effects of different cod-end design on bottom trawl selectivity in Turkish fisheries of the Aegean Sea. Fisheries Research, 32(2), 149-156.
  • Lucchetti, A., Virgili, M., Vasapollo, C., Petetta, A., Bargione, G., Liveli, D., Brcic, J., & Sala, A. (2021). An overview of bottom trawl selectivity in the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Marine Science, 22(3), 566-585. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.26969
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There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fisheries Management
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Vahdet Ünal 0000-0001-6157-0590

Fikret Öndes 0000-0002-9522-7050

Publication Date July 4, 2023
Submission Date November 23, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ünal, V., & Öndes, F. (2023). Is Trawl Fishery on the Verge of Collapse in Foça, Türkiye, Eastern Mediterranean?. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 6(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1209173
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