Abstract
Supporting Institution
Yok
References
- Cooper JS, Porter K, Mallin K, et al. National Cancer Database report on cancer of the head and neck: 10‐year update. Head Neck 2009; 31: 748-58.
- Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2016; 127: 2375-90.
- Zapater E, Bagán J, Carbonell F, Basterra J. Malignant lymphoma of the head and neck. Oral Dis 2010; 16: 119-28.
- Weber AL, Rahemtullah A, Ferry JA. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the head and neck: clinical, pathologic, and imaging evaluation. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2003; 13: 371-92.
- Urquhart A, Berg R. Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 2001; 111: 1565-9.
- Beasley M. Lymphoma of the thyroid and head and neck. Clin Oncol 2012; 24: 345-51.
- Hanna E, Wanamaker J, Adelstein D, Tubbs R, Lavertu P. Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck: a 20-year experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123: 1318-23.
- Oluwasanmi AF, Wood SJ, Baldwin DL, Sipaul F. Malignancy in asymmetrical but otherwise normal palatine tonsils. Ear Nose Throat J 2006; 85: 661-3.
- Woo J-S, Kim JM, Lee S, Chae S, Hwang S, Lee HM. Clinical analysis of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the sinonasal tract. Eur ArchOtorhinolaryngol 2004; 261: 197-201.
- Ahuja AT, Ying M, Ho SY, et al. Ultrasound of malignant cervical lymph nodes. Cancer Imaging 2008; 8: 48-56.
- Burke C, Thomas R, Inglis C, et al. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma of the head and neck. A 9 year experience. Brit J Radiol 2011; 84: 727-32.
- Nyquist GG, Tom WD, Mui S. Automatic core needle biopsy: a diagnostic option for head and neck masses. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 134: 184-9.
- Allin D, David S, Jacob A, Mir N, Giles A, Gibbins N. Use of core biopsy in diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathy: a viable alternative to surgical excisional biopsy of lymph nodes? Ann R Coll Surg Eng 2017; 99: 242-4.
- Houcine Y, Romdhane E, Blel A, et al. Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node lymphomas. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46: 1117-20.
- Etemad-Moghadam S, Tirgary F, Keshavarz S, Alaeddini M. Head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a 20-year demographic study of 381 cases. Int J Oral Max Surg 2010; 39: 869-72.
- Roman E, Smith A. Epidemiology of lymphomas. Histopathology 2011; 58: 4-14.
- Alexander FE, Ricketts TJ, McKinney PA, Cartwright RA. Community lifestyle characteristics and incidence of Hodgkin's disease in young people. Int J Cancer 1991; 48: 10-4.
- Phan A, Veldman R, Lechowicz MJ. T-cell lymphoma epidemiology: the known and unknown. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11: 492-503.
- Agostinelli C, Pileri S. Pathobiology of hodgkin lymphoma. Mediterr J Hematol I 2014; 6: e2014040.
- Glaser SL, Lin RJ, Stewart SL, et al. Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated Hodgkin's disease: epidemiologic characteristics in international data. Int J Cancer 1997; 70: 375-82.
- Said JW. Aggressive B-cell lymphomas: how many categories do we need? Mod Pathol 2013; 26: S42-S56.
- Fisher RI, Dahlberg S, Nathwani BN, Banks PM, Miller TP, Grogan TM. A clinical analysis of two indolent lymphoma entities: mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma (including the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and monocytoid B-cell subcategories): a Southwest Oncology Group study. Blood 1995; 85: 1075-82.
- Al‐Hamadani M, Habermann TM, Cerhan JR, Macon WR, Maurer MJ, Go RS. Non‐H odgkin lymphoma subtype distribution, geodemographic patterns, and survival in the US: A longitudinal analysis of the National Cancer Data Base from 1998 to 2011. Am J Hematol 2015; 90: 790-5.
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the clinical manifestations, histopathologic composition, and demographic characteristics of the lymphomas presented in the head and neck.
Materials and Methods: Records of subjects who had a diagnosis of lymphoma by an otolaryngology clinic in a tertiary referral hospital between May 2007 and July 2017 were reviewed. Demographic features and data regarding histopathology, radiology, and clinical presentation were evaluated.
Results: A total of 103 lymphomas in the head and neck region, 79 (77%) nodal lymphoma, and 24 (23%) extranodal lymphoma, were diagnosed. The initial presentation was solitary lymphadenopathy in 12 (15%) of the nodal lymphomas but conglomerated or multiple lymphadenopathies in the others. No significant relationship was found between lymph node size and histopathology (p=0.144).
Extranodal lymphomas presented most commonly in tonsils (n=8, 33%). Hodgkin lymphoma to non-Hodgkin lymphoma ratio was 0.8 (35/44) among nodal lymphomas. The dominant subgroup of non-Hodgkin lymphomas was diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (n=18, 40%). All of the Hodgkin lymphomas in our series were classic variant, and the subjects were younger than the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (z=-4.803, p<0.001). The histopathology of 46 (68%) of non-Hodgkin lymphomas was aggressive. T/NK-cell NHL was detected in seven subjects (6.8%). This was the only group with male predominance (n=5, 71%).
Conclusion: Lymphomas are a large group of malignancies that can present in various clinical forms in the head and neck region. The gender and age of onset of this neoplasm differ by many biological, environmental, and epidemiological factors. Ultrasound findings are crucial in evaluating suspicious lymph nodes. A tissue biopsy is recommended to exclude lymphomas from other neoplasms to make an accurate diagnosis.
Keywords
References
- Cooper JS, Porter K, Mallin K, et al. National Cancer Database report on cancer of the head and neck: 10‐year update. Head Neck 2009; 31: 748-58.
- Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2016; 127: 2375-90.
- Zapater E, Bagán J, Carbonell F, Basterra J. Malignant lymphoma of the head and neck. Oral Dis 2010; 16: 119-28.
- Weber AL, Rahemtullah A, Ferry JA. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the head and neck: clinical, pathologic, and imaging evaluation. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2003; 13: 371-92.
- Urquhart A, Berg R. Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope 2001; 111: 1565-9.
- Beasley M. Lymphoma of the thyroid and head and neck. Clin Oncol 2012; 24: 345-51.
- Hanna E, Wanamaker J, Adelstein D, Tubbs R, Lavertu P. Extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck: a 20-year experience. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 123: 1318-23.
- Oluwasanmi AF, Wood SJ, Baldwin DL, Sipaul F. Malignancy in asymmetrical but otherwise normal palatine tonsils. Ear Nose Throat J 2006; 85: 661-3.
- Woo J-S, Kim JM, Lee S, Chae S, Hwang S, Lee HM. Clinical analysis of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the sinonasal tract. Eur ArchOtorhinolaryngol 2004; 261: 197-201.
- Ahuja AT, Ying M, Ho SY, et al. Ultrasound of malignant cervical lymph nodes. Cancer Imaging 2008; 8: 48-56.
- Burke C, Thomas R, Inglis C, et al. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma of the head and neck. A 9 year experience. Brit J Radiol 2011; 84: 727-32.
- Nyquist GG, Tom WD, Mui S. Automatic core needle biopsy: a diagnostic option for head and neck masses. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 134: 184-9.
- Allin D, David S, Jacob A, Mir N, Giles A, Gibbins N. Use of core biopsy in diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathy: a viable alternative to surgical excisional biopsy of lymph nodes? Ann R Coll Surg Eng 2017; 99: 242-4.
- Houcine Y, Romdhane E, Blel A, et al. Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of cervical lymph node lymphomas. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46: 1117-20.
- Etemad-Moghadam S, Tirgary F, Keshavarz S, Alaeddini M. Head and neck non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a 20-year demographic study of 381 cases. Int J Oral Max Surg 2010; 39: 869-72.
- Roman E, Smith A. Epidemiology of lymphomas. Histopathology 2011; 58: 4-14.
- Alexander FE, Ricketts TJ, McKinney PA, Cartwright RA. Community lifestyle characteristics and incidence of Hodgkin's disease in young people. Int J Cancer 1991; 48: 10-4.
- Phan A, Veldman R, Lechowicz MJ. T-cell lymphoma epidemiology: the known and unknown. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11: 492-503.
- Agostinelli C, Pileri S. Pathobiology of hodgkin lymphoma. Mediterr J Hematol I 2014; 6: e2014040.
- Glaser SL, Lin RJ, Stewart SL, et al. Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated Hodgkin's disease: epidemiologic characteristics in international data. Int J Cancer 1997; 70: 375-82.
- Said JW. Aggressive B-cell lymphomas: how many categories do we need? Mod Pathol 2013; 26: S42-S56.
- Fisher RI, Dahlberg S, Nathwani BN, Banks PM, Miller TP, Grogan TM. A clinical analysis of two indolent lymphoma entities: mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma (including the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and monocytoid B-cell subcategories): a Southwest Oncology Group study. Blood 1995; 85: 1075-82.
- Al‐Hamadani M, Habermann TM, Cerhan JR, Macon WR, Maurer MJ, Go RS. Non‐H odgkin lymphoma subtype distribution, geodemographic patterns, and survival in the US: A longitudinal analysis of the National Cancer Data Base from 1998 to 2011. Am J Hematol 2015; 90: 790-5.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 5, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 4 Issue: 5 |
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