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Immunity-Related Enzyme Gene Interactions in Archocentrus centrarchus Infected with Lactococcus garvieae

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 449 - 455, 30.09.2023

Ertuğrul Kankaya Şükrü Önalan

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1304779

Abstract

Unsuitable environmental conditions and low host resistance in the aquatic environment are the most important factors in fish diseases. Bacterial diseases in fish can be treated with different preparations. The aim of this study is to determine the disease symptoms, expression levels of TNF and IL genes and some biochemical parameter changes in Archocentrus centrarchus by using herbal extract for the treatment of the disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae bacteria. Gene expression was performed by Real-Time PCR and enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometric analysis method. It was observed that the expression level of TNF gene was 2.5 times more effective in the antibiotic (oxytetracycline) group and 14 times more effectively in the extract application. It was found that the antibiotic group had a close expression level compared to the control at the IL gene expression level, while the extract group expressed 5.5 times more. Glutathione s-transferase activity in the extract group increased significantly compared to the control and antibiotic groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the extract group compared to the antibiotic and bacterial groups. It can be said that oxidative stress caused by bacterial infection is tried to be eliminated more in the extract group. It was determined that the andiz root extract which at the patent stage, which was used for the first time in the treatment of A. centrarchus fish infected with L. garvieae, one of the most important bacterial agents in the field of aquaculture, is applicable.

Keywords

Cichlid fish fish diseases gene expression IL TNF

References

  • Adeyemi, J.A. (2014). Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli and Vibrio fischeri. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 40(2), 347-354. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9847-x
  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymology, 105, 121-126. DOI: 10.1016/s0076- 6879(84)05016-3
  • Arslan, G. (2021). Cytokine gene expression, immune responses and disease resistance of Oncorhyncus mykiss after Raphanus sativus by-products supplementation. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21(10), 521-535. DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v21_10_05
  • Balta F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2019). The isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from eyes of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with exopthalmia. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 4(1), 27-33. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.527258
  • Balta, F. & Karatay, İ. (2021). Lactococcus garvieae infection and treatment observed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 6(4), 651-661. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.1024825
  • Carriero, M.M., Henrique-Silva, F., Meira, C.M., Gato, I.M.Q., Caetano, A.R., Lobo, F.P., Alves, A.L., Varela, E.S. & Maia, A.A.M. (2020). Molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 in the South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus challenged with Aeromonas dhakensis. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 43(4), e20200006. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685- GMB-2020-0006
  • Chen, N., Jiang, J., Gao, X., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Yang, H., Bing, X. & Zhang, X. (2018). Histopathological analysis and the immune related gene expression profiles of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 83, 410-415. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.023
  • Crisafi, F., Denaro, R., Genovese, M., Cappello, S., Mancuso, M. & Genovese, L. (2011). Comparison of 16SrDNA and toxR genes as targets for detection of Vibrio anguillarum in Dicentrarchus labrax kidney and liver. Research in microbiology, 162(3), 223-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.11.004
  • Drakopulos, L. & Poe, M. (2023). Facing change: Individual and institutional adaptation pathways in West Coast fishing communities. Marine Policy, 147, 105363. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105363
  • Fruciano, C., Meyer, A. & Franchini, P. (2019). Divergent allometric trajectories in gene expression and coexpression produce species differences in sympatrically speciating Midas cichlid fish. Genome Biology and Evolution, 11(6), 1644-1657. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz108
  • Garcia, D., Lima, D., Silva, D.G.H. & Almeida, E.A. (2020). Decreased malondialdehyde levels in fish (Astyanax altiparanae) exposed to diesel: Evidence of metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver and excretion in water. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 190, 110107. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110107
  • Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J. & Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione s-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249(22), 7130-7139. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42083-8
  • Jain, S.K., McVie, R., Duett, J. & Herbst, J.J. (1989). Erytrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes. Diabetes, 38(12), 1539-1543. DOI: 10.2337/diab.38.12.1539
  • Kankaya, E. & Kaptaner, B. (2017). Sublethal toxicity of formaldehyde in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758). Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(3), 406-415. DOI: 10.29133/yyutbd.319772
  • Kankaya, E., Kaptaner, B., Doğan, A. & Çelik, İ. (2015). Toxicity of bisphenol a during the early life stages of Chalcalburnus tarichi (Pallas, 1811). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(3a), 977-985.
  • Kaptaner, B., Kankaya, E., Dogan, A. & Durmuş, A. (2016). Alterations in histology and antioxidant defense system in the testes of the Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstadt, 1814). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(8), 474. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5476-z
  • Marklund, S.L. (1990). Analysis of extracellular superoxide dismutase in tissue homogenates and extracellular fluids. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 260-265. DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(90)86117-e
  • Nabi, S., Tanveer, S. & Ganie, S.A. (2017). Glutathiones-transferase, superoxide dismutase (GST, SOD) levels, protein content and lipid peroxidation in Schizothorax plagiostomus under the infection of Pomphorhyncus in Nallah Sukhnag of Kashmir Valley. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 20(9), 442-446. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.442.446
  • Önalan, Ş. & Çevik, M. (2020). Investigation of the effects of some phytochemicals on Yersinia ruckeri and antimicrobial resistance. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 80(4), 934-942. DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234969
  • Önalan, Ş. (2019). Expression differences of stress and immunity genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) with different bacterial fish diseases. Israeli Journal of AquacultureBamidgeh, 71(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.46989/001c.20978
  • Önalan, Ş., Arabacı, M. & Çağırgan, H. (2020). Phenotypic differences between Lactococcus garvieae isolates obtained from rainbow trout farms in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(5), 1771-1777. DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190718230701
  • Pérez-Sánchez, T., Balcázar, J. L., Merrifield, D. L., Carnevali, O., Gioacchini, G., de Blas, I. & Ruiz-Zarzuela, I. (2011). Expression of immunerelated genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) induced by probiotic bacteria during Lactococcus garvieae infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31(2), 196-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.005
  • Popoola, O.M., Oyelade, A.M. & Torhukerijho, S.T. (2021). Expression of immune-related gene from African mud catfish Clarias gariepinus reared in bioflocs systems after Aeromonas hydrophilia infection. Biotech Studies, 31(1), 17-27. DOI: 10.38042/biotechstudies.1073521
  • Ray, P.D., Huang, B. & Tsuji, Y. (2012). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cellular Signalling, 24(5), 981-990. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008
  • Rudneva, I.I., Kuzminova, N.S. & Skuratovskaya, E.N. (2010). Glutathione-s-transferase activity in tissues of Black Sea fish species. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 1(1), 141-150.
  • Schwartz, K., Henzel, M. K., Ann Richmond, M., Zindle, J. K., Seton, J. M., Lemmer, D. P. & Bogie, K. M. (2020). Biomarkers for recurrent pressure injury risk in persons with spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 43(5), 696-703. DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1645406
  • Shi, Q., Xiong, X., Wen, Z., Qin, C., Li, R., Zhang, Z., Gong, Q. & Wu, X. (2022). Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase of yangtze sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus: molecular cloning, tissue distribution and response to fasting and refeeding. Fishes, 7(1), 35. DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010035
  • Skuratovskaya, E.N., Yurakhno, V.M. & Zavyalov, A.V. (2013). The influence of parasitic infection on the black sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Gadidae) morphophysiological and biochemical parameters. Vestnik Zoologii, 47(4), 309-317.
  • Trute, M., Gallis, B., Doneanu, C., Shaffer, S., Goodlett, D. & Gallagher, E. (2007). Characterization of hepatic glutathione s-tranferases in coho salmon (Oncorhynhus kisutch). Aquatic Toxicology, 81(2), 126-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.009
  • Xie, X., Huang, Z., Lv, W., Zhu, H., Hui, G., Li, R. & Li, Z. (2023). Influence of nitrogen application rate on the importance of NO3 - -N and NH4 + -N transfer via extramycelia of Arbuscular mycorrhiza to tomato with expression of LeNRT2.3 and LeAMT1.1. Plants, 12(2), 314. DOI: 10.3390/plants12020314
  • Zou, S., Karami, A.M., Ødegård, J., Mathiessen, H., Marana, M.H., Jaafar, R.M., Jørgensen, L.V.G., Abdu, M., Kania, P.W., Dalsgaard, I., Nielsen, T. & Buchmann, K. (2020). Immune gene expression and genome-wide association analysis in rainbow trout with different resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 106, 441-450. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.023

Lactococcus garvieae ile Enfekte Archocentrus centrarchus’ta Bağışıklıkla İlişkili Enzim Gen Etkileşimleri

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 449 - 455, 30.09.2023

Ertuğrul Kankaya Şükrü Önalan

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1304779

Abstract

Akuatik ortamda olumsuz çevre koşulları ve düşük konakçı direnci, balık hastalıklarda en önemli etkenlerdir. Balıklardaki bakteriyel hastalıklar farklı preparatlarla tedavi edilebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Archocentrus centrarchus balığında Lactococcus garvieae bakterisinin neden olduğu hastalığın tedavisi için bitkisel öz kullanarak hastalık semptomlarını, TNF ve IL genlerinin ekspresyon seviyelerini ve bazı biyokimyasal parametre değişikliklerini belirlemektir. Gen ekspresyonu Real-Time PCR ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Enzim aktiviteleri spektrofotometrik analiz yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. TNF geninin ekspresyon seviyesinin antibiyotik (oksitetrasiklin) grubunda 2,5 kat, ekstrakt uygulamasında ise 14 kat daha etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. Antibiyotik grubunun IL gen ifadesi düzeyinde kontrole yakın bir ifade düzeyine sahip olduğu, ekstrakt grubunun ise 5,5 kat daha fazla ifade ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Ekstrakt grubundaki glutatyon s-transferaz aktivitesi, kontrol ve antibiyotik gruplarına kıyasla önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesi, antibiyotik ve bakteri gruplarına göre ekstrakt grubunda önemli düzeyde yükselmiştir. Bakteriyel enfeksiyonun neden olduğu oksidatif stresin ekstrakt grubunda daha fazla giderilmeye çalışıldığı söylenebilir. Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği alanında en önemli bakteriyel etkenlerden biri olan L. garvieae ile enfekte olmuş A. centrarchus balığının tedavisinde ilk kez kullanılan patent aşamasındaki andız kökü özünün uygulanabilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Balık hastalıkları çiklit balığı gen ifadesi IL TNF

References

  • Adeyemi, J.A. (2014). Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activities in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli and Vibrio fischeri. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 40(2), 347-354. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9847-x
  • Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymology, 105, 121-126. DOI: 10.1016/s0076- 6879(84)05016-3
  • Arslan, G. (2021). Cytokine gene expression, immune responses and disease resistance of Oncorhyncus mykiss after Raphanus sativus by-products supplementation. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 21(10), 521-535. DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v21_10_05
  • Balta F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2019). The isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from eyes of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with exopthalmia. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 4(1), 27-33. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.527258
  • Balta, F. & Karatay, İ. (2021). Lactococcus garvieae infection and treatment observed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 6(4), 651-661. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.1024825
  • Carriero, M.M., Henrique-Silva, F., Meira, C.M., Gato, I.M.Q., Caetano, A.R., Lobo, F.P., Alves, A.L., Varela, E.S. & Maia, A.A.M. (2020). Molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 in the South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus challenged with Aeromonas dhakensis. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 43(4), e20200006. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685- GMB-2020-0006
  • Chen, N., Jiang, J., Gao, X., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Yang, H., Bing, X. & Zhang, X. (2018). Histopathological analysis and the immune related gene expression profiles of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 83, 410-415. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.023
  • Crisafi, F., Denaro, R., Genovese, M., Cappello, S., Mancuso, M. & Genovese, L. (2011). Comparison of 16SrDNA and toxR genes as targets for detection of Vibrio anguillarum in Dicentrarchus labrax kidney and liver. Research in microbiology, 162(3), 223-230. DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.11.004
  • Drakopulos, L. & Poe, M. (2023). Facing change: Individual and institutional adaptation pathways in West Coast fishing communities. Marine Policy, 147, 105363. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105363
  • Fruciano, C., Meyer, A. & Franchini, P. (2019). Divergent allometric trajectories in gene expression and coexpression produce species differences in sympatrically speciating Midas cichlid fish. Genome Biology and Evolution, 11(6), 1644-1657. DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz108
  • Garcia, D., Lima, D., Silva, D.G.H. & Almeida, E.A. (2020). Decreased malondialdehyde levels in fish (Astyanax altiparanae) exposed to diesel: Evidence of metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver and excretion in water. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 190, 110107. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110107
  • Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J. & Jakoby, W.B. (1974). Glutathione s-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249(22), 7130-7139. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42083-8
  • Jain, S.K., McVie, R., Duett, J. & Herbst, J.J. (1989). Erytrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes. Diabetes, 38(12), 1539-1543. DOI: 10.2337/diab.38.12.1539
  • Kankaya, E. & Kaptaner, B. (2017). Sublethal toxicity of formaldehyde in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758). Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(3), 406-415. DOI: 10.29133/yyutbd.319772
  • Kankaya, E., Kaptaner, B., Doğan, A. & Çelik, İ. (2015). Toxicity of bisphenol a during the early life stages of Chalcalburnus tarichi (Pallas, 1811). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 24(3a), 977-985.
  • Kaptaner, B., Kankaya, E., Dogan, A. & Durmuş, A. (2016). Alterations in histology and antioxidant defense system in the testes of the Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstadt, 1814). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(8), 474. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5476-z
  • Marklund, S.L. (1990). Analysis of extracellular superoxide dismutase in tissue homogenates and extracellular fluids. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 260-265. DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(90)86117-e
  • Nabi, S., Tanveer, S. & Ganie, S.A. (2017). Glutathiones-transferase, superoxide dismutase (GST, SOD) levels, protein content and lipid peroxidation in Schizothorax plagiostomus under the infection of Pomphorhyncus in Nallah Sukhnag of Kashmir Valley. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 20(9), 442-446. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.442.446
  • Önalan, Ş. & Çevik, M. (2020). Investigation of the effects of some phytochemicals on Yersinia ruckeri and antimicrobial resistance. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 80(4), 934-942. DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234969
  • Önalan, Ş. (2019). Expression differences of stress and immunity genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) with different bacterial fish diseases. Israeli Journal of AquacultureBamidgeh, 71(1), 1-10. DOI: 10.46989/001c.20978
  • Önalan, Ş., Arabacı, M. & Çağırgan, H. (2020). Phenotypic differences between Lactococcus garvieae isolates obtained from rainbow trout farms in Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 52(5), 1771-1777. DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190718230701
  • Pérez-Sánchez, T., Balcázar, J. L., Merrifield, D. L., Carnevali, O., Gioacchini, G., de Blas, I. & Ruiz-Zarzuela, I. (2011). Expression of immunerelated genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) induced by probiotic bacteria during Lactococcus garvieae infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 31(2), 196-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.005
  • Popoola, O.M., Oyelade, A.M. & Torhukerijho, S.T. (2021). Expression of immune-related gene from African mud catfish Clarias gariepinus reared in bioflocs systems after Aeromonas hydrophilia infection. Biotech Studies, 31(1), 17-27. DOI: 10.38042/biotechstudies.1073521
  • Ray, P.D., Huang, B. & Tsuji, Y. (2012). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cellular Signalling, 24(5), 981-990. DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008
  • Rudneva, I.I., Kuzminova, N.S. & Skuratovskaya, E.N. (2010). Glutathione-s-transferase activity in tissues of Black Sea fish species. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 1(1), 141-150.
  • Schwartz, K., Henzel, M. K., Ann Richmond, M., Zindle, J. K., Seton, J. M., Lemmer, D. P. & Bogie, K. M. (2020). Biomarkers for recurrent pressure injury risk in persons with spinal cord injury. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 43(5), 696-703. DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1645406
  • Shi, Q., Xiong, X., Wen, Z., Qin, C., Li, R., Zhang, Z., Gong, Q. & Wu, X. (2022). Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase of yangtze sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus: molecular cloning, tissue distribution and response to fasting and refeeding. Fishes, 7(1), 35. DOI: 10.3390/fishes7010035
  • Skuratovskaya, E.N., Yurakhno, V.M. & Zavyalov, A.V. (2013). The influence of parasitic infection on the black sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Gadidae) morphophysiological and biochemical parameters. Vestnik Zoologii, 47(4), 309-317.
  • Trute, M., Gallis, B., Doneanu, C., Shaffer, S., Goodlett, D. & Gallagher, E. (2007). Characterization of hepatic glutathione s-tranferases in coho salmon (Oncorhynhus kisutch). Aquatic Toxicology, 81(2), 126-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.009
  • Xie, X., Huang, Z., Lv, W., Zhu, H., Hui, G., Li, R. & Li, Z. (2023). Influence of nitrogen application rate on the importance of NO3 - -N and NH4 + -N transfer via extramycelia of Arbuscular mycorrhiza to tomato with expression of LeNRT2.3 and LeAMT1.1. Plants, 12(2), 314. DOI: 10.3390/plants12020314
  • Zou, S., Karami, A.M., Ødegård, J., Mathiessen, H., Marana, M.H., Jaafar, R.M., Jørgensen, L.V.G., Abdu, M., Kania, P.W., Dalsgaard, I., Nielsen, T. & Buchmann, K. (2020). Immune gene expression and genome-wide association analysis in rainbow trout with different resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 106, 441-450. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.023
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ertuğrul Kankaya 0000-0002-3032-3041

Şükrü Önalan 0000-0003-0058-5232

Early Pub Date September 15, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date May 28, 2023
Acceptance Date September 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kankaya, E., & Önalan, Ş. (2023). Immunity-Related Enzyme Gene Interactions in Archocentrus centrarchus Infected with Lactococcus garvieae. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(3), 449-455. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1304779
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