Research Article
Tatlısu Kaynaklarımızdaki Escherichia coli İzolatlarının Antibiyotik Direnç Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Batlama Deresi Örneği, Giresun
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Batlama
Deresi’nden izole edilen E. coli
izolatlarının mevcut antibiyotik dirençlilik düzeylerinin araştırılması
amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için Haziran 2016 ve Mayıs 2017 tarihleri arasında
akarsuyun farklı bölgelerinden yüzey suyu örnekleri toplanmıştır.
İzole edilen E. coli’lerin antibiyotik
dirençlilikleri sırasıyla amfisilin %59, tetrasiklin %50,8, nalidiksik asit
%44,4, eritromisin %42,9, kloramfenikol %38,1, sefazolin %36, sefuroksim %35,9,
sefotaksim %28,4 olarak belirlenmiştir. 7 izolatın test edilen tüm
antibiyotiklere karşı hassas, 3 izolatın ise tüm antibiyotiklere karşı direnç
gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yüzey suyu örneği izolatlarındaki çoklu
antibiyotik direnç değeri (ÇAD) oranı %73,28 ve antibiyotik direnç indeks (ARI)
değeri 0,3 ile 0,4 aralığında değişmektedir.
Sonuç olarak; Batlama
Deresi yüzey suyu örneği izolatlarındaki yüksek antibiyotik direncinin hem
tatlı su ekosistemi hem de Karadeniz ekosistemini tehdit eder düzeyde olduğu
söylenebilmektedir.
Keywords
Thanks
Bu araştırma makalesi Tekin TOPKARAOĞLU tarafından hazırlanan Yüksek Lisans Tez’inden üretilmiştir.
References
- Akkan, T. (2017). Antibiotic Resistance Case Study: Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Batlama Creek in Giresun, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 5(8), 969-972, 2017. Doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.969-972.1262.
- Alm, E.W., Zimbler, D., Callahan, E. & Plomaritis, E. (2014). Patterns and Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance in Faecal İndicator Bacteria from Freshwater Recreational Beaches. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 117, 273-285. Doi: 10.1111/jam.12512.
- Anonim, (2003). Water for People Water for Life. The United Nations World Water Development Report.
- APHA. (1992). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed. APHA, Washington, DC.
- Avcı, V. & Sunkar, M. (2015). Giresun’da Sel ve Taşkın Oluşumuna Neden Olan Aksu Çayı ve Batlama Deresi Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü Coğrafya Dergisi, 30, 91-119.
- Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C., Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-496. Doi: 10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493.
- Çetinkaya, O., Sarı, M., Şen, F., Arabacı, M. &Duyar, H.A. (1994). Van Gölüne Dökülen Karasu Çayının Limnolojik Özellikleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 151-168.
- Chen, Z., Yu, D., He, S., Ye, H., Zhang, L., Wen, Y. & Chen, S. (2017). Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Sources in Hangzhou City. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(1133), 1-11. Doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01133.
- Doğan, D. (2008). Küçükçekmece Lagünü’nden (İstanbul) İzole Edilen Enterik Bakterilerin Antibiyotik Direnç Profili. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, Türkiye. 89s.
- Farmer, J. (1999). Enterobacteriaceae: Introduction and Identification, İn:Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, (Eds). Manuel of Clinical Microbiology, ASM Pres., 442-459.
- Giresun İl Çevre Durum Raporu. (2014). Giresun İli 2013 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Giresun Valiliği, Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, 121 sayfa, Giresun, 2014.
- Hinton, M. & Linton, A. (1983). Antibacterial Drug Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Calves Fed Milk Substitute. Veterinary Record, 112, 567-568. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.112.24.567.
- Koczura, R., Mokracka, J., Jablonska, L., Gozdecka, E., Kubek, M. & Kaznowski, A. (2012). Antimicrobial Resistance of Integron-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Clinical Samples, Wastewater Treatment Plant and River Water. Science of the Total Environment, 1(414), 680-685.
- Krumperman, P.H. (1985). Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Indexing of Escherichia coli to Identify High-Risk Sources of Fecal Contamination of Foods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 46, 165-170, 1985.
- Mutlu, C. & Akkan, T. (2016). Determination of Antibiotics Resistance Levels in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Giresun Coasts. Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology, 4(8), 640-650. Doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v4i8.640-650.721.
- NCCLS. (1997). National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Approved Standards M2-A6. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests, 6th edn., NCCLS., Wayne, Pennsylvania.
- Patoli, A.A., Patoli, B.B. & Mehraj, V. (2010). High Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples from Hyderabad. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(1), 23-26.
- Serdar, O. & Verep, B. (2018). İyidere ve Çiftekavak Dereleri Su Kalitesinin Fizikokimyasal ve Biotik İndeskler Kullanılarak İncelenmesi. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 61-71. Doi: 10.29132/ijpas.398725.
- Sipahi, N., Mutlu, C. & Akkan, T. (2013). Giresun İlinde Tüketime Sunulan Bazı Balıklardan İzole Edilen Enterobacteriaceae Üyelerinin Antibiyotik ve Ağır Metal Dirençlilik Düzeyleri. Gıda Dergisi, 38(6),343-349. Doi: 10.5505/gida.2013.55264.
- Titilawo, Y., Sibanda, T., Obi., L. & Okoh, A. (2015). Multiple Antibiotic Resistance İndexing of Escherichia coli to Identify High-Risk Sources of Faecal Contamination of Water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(14), 10969-10980.
- Verep, B. & Mutlu, T. (2018). The Water Quality Of Streams Flowing Into South Eastern Black Sea Coasts In Terms Of Physico-Chemical Properties. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 27(5 A), 3752-3758.
- Vincent, N.C., Veronica, J.U., Stella, I.S., Etinosa, O.I. & Anthony, I.O. (2010). Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Patterns of Escherichia coli O157 and Other E. coli Isolated from Diarrhoeal Stools and Surface Waters From Some Selected Sources in Zaria, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 3831-3841. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph7103831.
- Watkinson, A.J., Micalizzi, G.B., Bates, J.B. & Costanzo, S.D. (2017). Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli in Waterways of Southeast Queensland, Australia. Medical Research Archives, 5(9),1-16.
- Yıldız, N.E. (2016). Giresun İçme Suları Bakteriyolojik Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi. Giresun Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Giresun, Türkiye.
Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Levels of Escherichia coli Isolates Obtained from Freshwater Sources: Batlama Creek, Giresun
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the antibiotic
resistance levels of E. coli isolated
from Batlama Creek, Giresun. For this purpose, the surface water samples were
collected monthly from different stations between June 2016 and May 2017.
Antibiotic resistances of E. coli isolates for ampicillin (59%), tetracycline (50,8%),
nalidixic acid (44,4%), erythromycin (42,9%), chloramphenicol (38,1%),
cefazolin (36%), cefuroxime (35,9%), cefotaxime (28,4%) were determined,
respectively. The highest resistant 3 isolates were resistant against to 9
antibiotics, while the weak resistance of 7 isolates were sensitive to all
antibiotics. Moreover, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) were determined from
the rate of 73,28% of isolates in surface water samples. Also, antibiotic
resistance index (ARI) values ranged from 0,3 to 0,4.
As a result of, high antibiotic resistance levels of
surface water isolates of Batlama Creek can be said to threaten to both Black
Sea and freshwater ecosystems.
Keywords
References
- Akkan, T. (2017). Antibiotic Resistance Case Study: Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Batlama Creek in Giresun, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 5(8), 969-972, 2017. Doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.969-972.1262.
- Alm, E.W., Zimbler, D., Callahan, E. & Plomaritis, E. (2014). Patterns and Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance in Faecal İndicator Bacteria from Freshwater Recreational Beaches. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 117, 273-285. Doi: 10.1111/jam.12512.
- Anonim, (2003). Water for People Water for Life. The United Nations World Water Development Report.
- APHA. (1992). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed. APHA, Washington, DC.
- Avcı, V. & Sunkar, M. (2015). Giresun’da Sel ve Taşkın Oluşumuna Neden Olan Aksu Çayı ve Batlama Deresi Havzalarının Morfometrik Analizleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Bölümü Coğrafya Dergisi, 30, 91-119.
- Bauer, A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C., Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-496. Doi: 10.1093/ajcp/45.4_ts.493.
- Çetinkaya, O., Sarı, M., Şen, F., Arabacı, M. &Duyar, H.A. (1994). Van Gölüne Dökülen Karasu Çayının Limnolojik Özellikleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 151-168.
- Chen, Z., Yu, D., He, S., Ye, H., Zhang, L., Wen, Y. & Chen, S. (2017). Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Sources in Hangzhou City. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8(1133), 1-11. Doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01133.
- Doğan, D. (2008). Küçükçekmece Lagünü’nden (İstanbul) İzole Edilen Enterik Bakterilerin Antibiyotik Direnç Profili. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, Türkiye. 89s.
- Farmer, J. (1999). Enterobacteriaceae: Introduction and Identification, İn:Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, (Eds). Manuel of Clinical Microbiology, ASM Pres., 442-459.
- Giresun İl Çevre Durum Raporu. (2014). Giresun İli 2013 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu, Giresun Valiliği, Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, 121 sayfa, Giresun, 2014.
- Hinton, M. & Linton, A. (1983). Antibacterial Drug Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Calves Fed Milk Substitute. Veterinary Record, 112, 567-568. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.112.24.567.
- Koczura, R., Mokracka, J., Jablonska, L., Gozdecka, E., Kubek, M. & Kaznowski, A. (2012). Antimicrobial Resistance of Integron-Harboring Escherichia coli Isolates from Clinical Samples, Wastewater Treatment Plant and River Water. Science of the Total Environment, 1(414), 680-685.
- Krumperman, P.H. (1985). Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Indexing of Escherichia coli to Identify High-Risk Sources of Fecal Contamination of Foods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 46, 165-170, 1985.
- Mutlu, C. & Akkan, T. (2016). Determination of Antibiotics Resistance Levels in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated From Giresun Coasts. Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology, 4(8), 640-650. Doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v4i8.640-650.721.
- NCCLS. (1997). National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Approved Standards M2-A6. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests, 6th edn., NCCLS., Wayne, Pennsylvania.
- Patoli, A.A., Patoli, B.B. & Mehraj, V. (2010). High Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples from Hyderabad. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(1), 23-26.
- Serdar, O. & Verep, B. (2018). İyidere ve Çiftekavak Dereleri Su Kalitesinin Fizikokimyasal ve Biotik İndeskler Kullanılarak İncelenmesi. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 61-71. Doi: 10.29132/ijpas.398725.
- Sipahi, N., Mutlu, C. & Akkan, T. (2013). Giresun İlinde Tüketime Sunulan Bazı Balıklardan İzole Edilen Enterobacteriaceae Üyelerinin Antibiyotik ve Ağır Metal Dirençlilik Düzeyleri. Gıda Dergisi, 38(6),343-349. Doi: 10.5505/gida.2013.55264.
- Titilawo, Y., Sibanda, T., Obi., L. & Okoh, A. (2015). Multiple Antibiotic Resistance İndexing of Escherichia coli to Identify High-Risk Sources of Faecal Contamination of Water. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(14), 10969-10980.
- Verep, B. & Mutlu, T. (2018). The Water Quality Of Streams Flowing Into South Eastern Black Sea Coasts In Terms Of Physico-Chemical Properties. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 27(5 A), 3752-3758.
- Vincent, N.C., Veronica, J.U., Stella, I.S., Etinosa, O.I. & Anthony, I.O. (2010). Multidrug Resistance and Plasmid Patterns of Escherichia coli O157 and Other E. coli Isolated from Diarrhoeal Stools and Surface Waters From Some Selected Sources in Zaria, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7, 3831-3841. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph7103831.
- Watkinson, A.J., Micalizzi, G.B., Bates, J.B. & Costanzo, S.D. (2017). Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli in Waterways of Southeast Queensland, Australia. Medical Research Archives, 5(9),1-16.
- Yıldız, N.E. (2016). Giresun İçme Suları Bakteriyolojik Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi. Giresun Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Giresun, Türkiye.
There are 24 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2019 |
| Submission Date | November 23, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | December 12, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 3 |
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