Research Article
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Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India

Year 2023, Issue: 47, 29 - 43, 10.01.2024

Pankaj Kumar Ashwani . Satyam Mishra Swati Thakur Dilip Kumar V A V Raman

Abstract

India is home to many physiographic divisions, climatic regions, diverse cultures, and ethnicities. The greater Himalayan and trans-Himalayan regions are home to many tribal communities. However, climatic variability brings new challenges to the tribal households in mountainous regions, particularly in India’s greater Himalayan and trans-Himalayan regions. This study aims to create a Tribal Household Livelihood Vulnerability Index (THLVI) that takes into account factors such as exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The research focuses on three subdivisions in the Lahaul and Spiti district, namely: Lahaul, Udaipur and Spiti, which are part of the western Himalayas cold deserts. The data for the THLVI was collected from 300 randomly selected households in 62 villages through a survey of indigenous people. The results of the study reveal that the vulnerability of tribal households varies across different socio economic and ecological conditions due to differences in adaptability, sensitivity, and exposure to climate change. In the Lahaul and Udaipur subdivisions, the vulnerabilities of social networks, water, and health were found to be 0.390, 0.262, 0.545, and 0.525, 0.514, 0.512, respectively. The THLVI based on IPCC values ranges from -1 (least vulnerable) to +1 (most vulnerable). For further research, the THLVI index can be used as a tool to assess the livelihood vulnerability of tribal communities living in Himalayan regions, furthermore the sustainable livelihood policies can be formulated in order to strengthen the livelihood security

Keywords

Vulnerability Climate Change Tribal livelihood Adaptation Himachal Himalayas

References

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Year 2023, Issue: 47, 29 - 43, 10.01.2024

Pankaj Kumar Ashwani . Satyam Mishra Swati Thakur Dilip Kumar V A V Raman

Abstract

References

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  • Alam, M., Alam, K., Mushtaq, S., & Clarke, M. L., 2017. Vulnerability to climatic change in ripaıian char and river-bank households in Bangladesh: Implication for policy, livelihoods and social development. Ecological Indicators, 72, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.06.045. google scholar
  • Alwang, J., Siegel, P. B., and Jorgensen, S. L., 2001. Vulnerability: A view from different disciplines, Washington DC, World Bank. google scholar
  • Aryal, S., Cockfield, G., &Maraseni, T. N. (2014). Vulnerability of Himalayan transhumant communities to climate change. Climatic Change, 125(2), 193-208. google scholar
  • Bhattacharjee, K., & Behera, B., 2018. Determinants of household vulnerability and adaptation to floods: Empirical evidence from the Indian State of West Bengal. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 31,758-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.07.017. google scholar
  • Chambers, R., and Conway, G., 1992. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century, Institute of Development Studies, UK. google scholar
  • Chen, J.T., Rehkopf, D.H., Waterman, P.D., Subramanian, S.V., Coull, B.A., Cohen, B., Ostrem, M., Krieger, N., 2006. Mapping and measuring social disparities in premature mortality: the impact of census tract poverty within and across Boston neighborhoods, 1999-2001. Journal of Urban Health 83, 1063-1084. google scholar
  • Devi, G. L., Varma, D., &Kataktalware, M. A., 2016. An Assessment of vulnerability of livestock farming to climate variability. In Climate change challenge (3C) and social-economic-ecological interface-building (pp. 429-437). Cham: Springer. google scholar
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  • Ebi, K., Kovats, R.S., Menne, B., 2006. An approach for assessing human health vulnerability and public health interventions to adapt to climate change: Environmental Health Perspectives, pp. 1930-1934. google scholar
  • Fussel, H.M., Klein, R.J.T., 2006. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments: An evolution of conceptual thinking, Climatic Change. google scholar
  • Gerlitz J-Y, Macchi M, Brooks N et al (2016) The Multidimensional Livelihood Vulnerability Index: an instrument to measure livelihood vulnerability to change in the Hindu Kush Himalayas. Clim Dev 5529:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2016.1145099. google scholar
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  • Holt, J.B., 2007. The topography of poverty in the United States: a spatial analysis using county-level data from the Community Health Status Indicators project. google scholar
  • ICIMOD (2011) Framework for Community-Based Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment in Mountain Areas. Kathmandu: ICIMOD. google scholar
  • IPCC, 2001. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability; Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. google scholar
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  • I. , 2001. Environment and development: Sustainability science. Science 292(5517), pp. 641-642. google scholar
  • Kofinas, G. P. & Chapin, F. S., 2009. Sustaining livelihoods and human well-being during social-ecological change. In F. S. Chapin III, G. P. Kofinas, & C. Folke (Eds.), Principles of ecosystem stewardship: Resilience-based natural resource management in a changing world, pp. 55-75, New York: Springer. google scholar
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  • Lioubimtseva, E., 2015. A multi-scale assessment of human vulnerability to climate change in the Aral Sea basin. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, pp. 719-729. google scholar
  • Macchi M, Gurung AM, Hoermann B (2014) Community perceptions and responses to climate variability and change in the Himalayas. Clim Dev. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2014.966046. google scholar
  • Madhuri, M., Tewari, H. R., &Bhowmick, P K., 2014. Livelihood vulnerability index analysis: An approach to study vulnerability in the context of Bihar. Jâmba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v6i1.127. google scholar
  • O’Brien, K., Tompkins, H., Javed, A., Bhadwal, S., Barg, S., Nygaard, L., Leichenko, R., Kelkar, U., Venema, H., Aandahl, G., and West, google scholar
  • J. , 2004. Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and globalization in India. Global Environmental Change. google scholar
  • Oppenheimer, M., Campos, M., Warren, R., Birkmann, J., Luber, G., O’Neill, B., & Takahashi, K., 2014. Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities. In C. B. Field, V R. Barros, D. J. Dokken, K. J. Mach, M. D. Mastrandrea, T. E. Bilir, and L. L. White (Eds.), Climate Change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A. Global and sectoral aspects contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. google scholar
  • Pandey R, Jha S (2011) Climate vulnerability index: measure of climate change vulnerability to communities: a case of rural Lower Himalaya, India. Mitig Adapt Strat Global Change 17:487-506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-011-9338-2 google scholar
  • Pandey, R., &Bardsley, D. K., 2015. Social-ecological vulnerability to climate change in the Nepali Himalaya. Applied Geography, 64, 74-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.09.008. google scholar
  • Pandey, R., Maithani, N., Aretano, R., Zurlini, G., Archie, K. M., Gupta, A. K., and Pandey, V. P, 2016. Empirical assessment of adaptation to climate change impacts of mountain households: Development and application of an Adaptation Capability Index. Journal of Mountain Science, pp. 1503-1514. google scholar
  • Pandey, R., Jha, SK., Alatalo, JM., Archie, KM., Gupta, AK., 2017. Sustainable livelihood framework-based indicators for assessing climate change vulnerability and adaptation for Himalayan communities, Ecological Indicators, Elsevier, pp. 338-346. google scholar
  • Panthi J, Aryal S, Dahal P et al (2015) Livelihood vulnerability approach to assessing climate changeimpacts on mixed agro-livestock smallholders around the Gandaki River Basin in Nepal. Reg EnvironChange 16:1121-1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0833-y. google scholar
  • Patz, J.A., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Holloway, T., and Foley, J.A., 2005. Impact of regional climate change on human health, Nature 438, pp. 310-317. google scholar
  • Polsky, C., Neff, R., and Yarnal, B., 2007. Building comparable global change vulnerability assessments: the vulnerability scoping diagram, Global Environmental Change, pp. 472-485. google scholar
  • Sam, A. S., Kumar, R., Kachele, H., & Müller, K., 2017. Vulnerabilities to flood hazards among rural households in India. Natural Hazards, 88, 1133-1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2911-6. google scholar
  • Shukla, R., Sachdeva, K., & Joshi, P. K. (2018). Demystifying vulnerability assessment of agriculture communities in the Himalayas: a systematic review. Natural Hazards, 91(1), 409-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3120-z. google scholar
  • Sullivan, C., Fediw, T. S., and Meigh, J.R., 2002. Derivation and testing of the water poverty index phase 1, Final Report. Department for International Development, UK, 2002. google scholar
  • Sullivan, C., 2002. Calculating a water poverty index. World Development, pp. 1195-1210. google scholar
  • Sullivan, C., 2006. Global change impacts: assessing human vulnerability at the subnational scale. In: Presented at the International River Symposium, Brisbane. google scholar
  • Tiwari PC, Joshi B (2012) Natural and socio-economic factors affecting food security in the Himalayas.Food Secur 4:195-207. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12571-012-0178-z google scholar
  • Thornton, P.K., Jones, P., Notenbaert, A., P.G., Owiyo, T., Kruska, R.L., Herrero, M., Kristjanson, Bekele, N., and Omolo, A., 2006. Mapping climate vulnerability and poverty in Africa, Report to the Department of International Development. google scholar
  • UNDP, 2007. Human development reports. http://hdr.undp.org/en/. google scholar
  • UNDP, 2014. Sustaining human progress: Reducing vulnerabilities and building resilience (Human Development Report 2014), New York: United Nations Development Program. google scholar
  • UNEP, 2004. Poverty-biodiversity mapping applications. In: Presented at IUCN World Conservation Congress, Bangkok, Thailand, 17-25 November 2004. google scholar
  • United Nations General Assembly, 1997. S/19-2. Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21. 19th Special Session, 23-27 June, New York. google scholar
  • Vincent, K., 2004. Creating an index of social vulnerability to climate change for Africa. Working Paper 56, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia. google scholar
  • Vignieri, S. 2015. How to adapt to climate change. Science, 349(6248), 599-600. doi:10.1126/science.349.6248.599-f. google scholar
  • Vincent, K., 2007. Uncertainty in adaptive capacity and the importance of scale. Global Environmental Change, 12-24. google scholar
  • WHO, 2017. Immunization Coverage Cluster Survey—Reference Manual. WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland. google scholar
  • WHO/Roll Back Malaria, 2003. Economic impact of malaria: household survey. Williamsburg Emergency Management, 2004. Household natural hazards preparedness questionnaire. Peninsula Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee, Williamsburg, VA. google scholar
  • World Bank, 1997. Survey of living conditions: Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Household Questionnaire, December 1997-March 1998. google scholar
  • World Food Programme, 2007. Vulnerability analysis and mapping (VAM). http:// www.wfp.org/operations/vam/. google scholar
  • Zhang C., Huang D., Liu C., & Liu, Q., 2014. IPCC AR5updated understanding of climate change impacts on humanwell-beings. Advances in Climate Change Research, 10,246-250. https://doi. org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2014.04.003 google scholar
  • Zhang, Q., Zhao, X., & Tang, H. (2019). Vulnerability of communities to climate change: application of the livelihood vulnerability index to an environmentally sensitive region of China. Climate and Development, 11 (6), 525-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.20 18.1442808 google scholar
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Geography and Environmental Geology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Pankaj Kumar 0000-0002-4453-1677

Ashwani . 0000-0002-3336-0139

Satyam Mishra 0000-0001-6811-3958

Swati Thakur 0000-0002-4736-654X

Dilip Kumar 0000-0001-9519-7659

V A V Raman 0000-0002-9461-1616

Publication Date January 10, 2024
Submission Date January 12, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Kumar, P., ., A., Mishra, S., Thakur, S., et al. (2024). Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India. Coğrafya Dergisi(47), 29-43.
AMA Kumar P, . A, Mishra S, Thakur S, Kumar D, Raman VAV. Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India. Coğrafya Dergisi. January 2024;(47):29-43.
Chicago Kumar, Pankaj, Ashwani ., Satyam Mishra, Swati Thakur, Dilip Kumar, and V A V Raman. “Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India”. Coğrafya Dergisi, no. 47 (January 2024): 29-43.
EndNote Kumar P, . A, Mishra S, Thakur S, Kumar D, Raman VAV (January 1, 2024) Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India. Coğrafya Dergisi 47 29–43.
IEEE P. Kumar, A. ., S. Mishra, S. Thakur, D. Kumar, and V. A. V. Raman, “Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India”, Coğrafya Dergisi, no. 47, pp. 29–43, January 2024.
ISNAD Kumar, Pankaj et al. “Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India”. Coğrafya Dergisi 47 (January 2024), 29-43.
JAMA Kumar P, . A, Mishra S, Thakur S, Kumar D, Raman VAV. Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India. Coğrafya Dergisi. 2024;:29–43.
MLA Kumar, Pankaj et al. “Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India”. Coğrafya Dergisi, no. 47, 2024, pp. 29-43.
Vancouver Kumar P, . A, Mishra S, Thakur S, Kumar D, Raman VAV. Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India. Coğrafya Dergisi. 2024(47):29-43.
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