Research Article
Year 2016,
Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 13 - 20, 30.09.2016
Abstract
Decline symptoms were observed on young almond trees
in commercial orchards of Adıyaman province of Turkey in 2013. Symptoms in
affected trees included yellowing of foliage, cankers on roots, crowns and stem
base, and dieback. An isolate of Phytophthora
sp. was consistently isolated from necrotic tissues from taproots and crowns of
symptomatic trees. The pathogen was identified as Phytophthora megasperma
based on morphological features and DNA sequence of the internal transcribed
spacer (ITS) region. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by shoot and stem
inoculation, as well as soil infestation on almond saplings. Typical canker
lesions developed on excised shoots after two weeks. Lesions also occurred on
stems of scion and rootstock four weeks later. At the end of the soil
infestation test, cankers covered the whole roots four months after
inoculation. Eleven isolates of P.
megasperma were assayed for sensitivity to mefenoxam. All isolates were
found to be sensitive to mefenoxam with EC50 values less than 1 μg
mL-1.
Keywords
References
- Abad, Z. G., Abad, J. A., Cacciola, S. O., Pane, A., Faedda, R., Moralejo, E., Perez-Sierra, A., Abad-Campos, P., Alvarez-Bernaola, L. A., Bakonyi, J., Jozsa, A., Herrero, M. L., Burgess, T. I., Cunnington, J. H., Smith, I. W., Balci, Y., Blomquist, C., Henricot, B., Denton, G., Spies, C., Mcleod, A., Belbahri, L., Cooke, D., Kageyama, K., Uematsu, S., Kurbetli, I., and Değirmenci, K. 2014. Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries. Mycologia, 106:431-447. Anonymous 2015. Agricultural Production Statistics of Turkish Statistical Institute. (Web Page: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul) (Date Accessed: January 2016). Browne, G. T., and Viveros, M. A. 1998. Diverse symptoms and losses associated with Phytophthora spp. in California almonds. Acta Horticulturae, 470:570-575. Browne, G. T., and Doster, M. A. 2002. Phytophthora Diseases. In: Teviotdale, B. L., Michailides, T. J., Pscheidt, J. W. (eds). Compendium of Nut Crop Diseases in Temperate Zones, pp: 3-6. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Doster, M. A., and Bostock, R. M. 1988. Incidence, distribution, and development of pruning wound cankers caused by Phytophthora syringae in almond orchards in California. Phytopathology, 78:468-472. Erwin, D. C., and Ribeiro, O. K. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Fatemi, J. 1980. The role of Phytophthora species in almond decline in Iran. Journal of Phytopathology, 99:97-100. Gallegly, M. E., and Hong, C. 2008. Phytophthora, Identifying Species by Morphology and DNA Fingerprints. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, USA. Hu, J. H., Hong, C. X., Stromberg, E. L., and Moorman, G. W. 2008. Mefenoxam sensitivity and fitness analysis of Phytophthora nicotianae isolates from nurseries in Virginia, USA. Plant Pathology, 57:728-736. Hwang, J., and Benson, D. M. 2005. Identification, mefenoxam sensitivity, and compatibility type of Phytophthora spp. attacking floriculture crops in North Carolina. Plant Disease, 89:185-190. Jeffers, S. N., Aldwinckle, H. S., Burr, T. J., and Arneson, P. A. 1981. Excised Twig Assay for the Study of Apple Tree Crown Rot Pathogens In Vitro. Plant Disease, 65:823-825. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2010, First report of root and crown rot of almond caused by Phytophthora spp. in Turkey. Plant Disease, 94:1261. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2011a. First report of Phytophthora taxon niederhauserii causing decline of almond in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 23:14. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2011b. Phytophthora spp. determined in almond and apple orchards in Turkey. Proceedings of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, Kahramanmaraş, 2011, 87. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2012. Phytophthora spp. causing root and crown rot of almond in Central Anatolian region in Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 52:299-312. Kurbetli, İ., and Ozan, S. 2013. Occurrence of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot of Kiwifruit in Turkey. Journal of Phytopathology, 161:887-889. Olson, H. A., Jeffers, S. N., Ivors, K. L., Steddom, K. C., Williams-Woodward, J. L., Mmbaga, M. T., Benson, D. M., and Hong, C. X. 2013. Diversity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Phytophthora spp. Associated with the Ornamental Horticulture Industry in the Southeastern United States. Plant Disease, 97:86-92. Parra, G., and Ristaino, J. B. 2001. Resistance to mefenoxam and metalaxyl among field isolates of Phytophthora capsici causing Phytophthora blight of bell pepper. Plant Disease, 85:1069-1075. Perez-Sierra, A., Leon, M., Alvarez, A., Alaniz, S., Berbegal, M., Garcia-Jimenez, J., and Abad-Campos, P. 2010. Outbreak of a new Phytophthora sp. associated with severe decline of almond trees in eastern Spain. Plant Disease, 94:534-541. Saitou, N., and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4:406-425. Scott, E. S., Wicks, T. J., and Lee, T. C. 1992. The development of an assay for resistance to Phytophthora cambivora in almond rootstocks using shoots excised from tissue cultures. Plant Pathology, 41:639-645. Tamura, K., Nei, M., and Kumar, S. 2004. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 11030-11035. Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., and Kumar, S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30:2725-2729. Taylor, R. J., Salas, B., Secor, G. A., Rivera, V., and Gudmestad, N. C. 2002. Sensitivity of North American isolates of Phytophthora erythroseptica and Pythium ultimum to mefenoxam (metalaxyl). Plant Disease, 86:797-802. White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., and Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Pages 315-322. In: PCR, A Guide to methods and Applications. Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Snisky JJ, White TJ, eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Wicks, T. J., Lee, T. C., and Scott, E. S. 1997. Phytophthora crown rot of almonds in Australia. EPPO Bulletin, 27:501-506.
Year 2016,
Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 13 - 20, 30.09.2016
Abstract
References
- Abad, Z. G., Abad, J. A., Cacciola, S. O., Pane, A., Faedda, R., Moralejo, E., Perez-Sierra, A., Abad-Campos, P., Alvarez-Bernaola, L. A., Bakonyi, J., Jozsa, A., Herrero, M. L., Burgess, T. I., Cunnington, J. H., Smith, I. W., Balci, Y., Blomquist, C., Henricot, B., Denton, G., Spies, C., Mcleod, A., Belbahri, L., Cooke, D., Kageyama, K., Uematsu, S., Kurbetli, I., and Değirmenci, K. 2014. Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries. Mycologia, 106:431-447. Anonymous 2015. Agricultural Production Statistics of Turkish Statistical Institute. (Web Page: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul) (Date Accessed: January 2016). Browne, G. T., and Viveros, M. A. 1998. Diverse symptoms and losses associated with Phytophthora spp. in California almonds. Acta Horticulturae, 470:570-575. Browne, G. T., and Doster, M. A. 2002. Phytophthora Diseases. In: Teviotdale, B. L., Michailides, T. J., Pscheidt, J. W. (eds). Compendium of Nut Crop Diseases in Temperate Zones, pp: 3-6. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. Doster, M. A., and Bostock, R. M. 1988. Incidence, distribution, and development of pruning wound cankers caused by Phytophthora syringae in almond orchards in California. Phytopathology, 78:468-472. Erwin, D. C., and Ribeiro, O. K. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Fatemi, J. 1980. The role of Phytophthora species in almond decline in Iran. Journal of Phytopathology, 99:97-100. Gallegly, M. E., and Hong, C. 2008. Phytophthora, Identifying Species by Morphology and DNA Fingerprints. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, USA. Hu, J. H., Hong, C. X., Stromberg, E. L., and Moorman, G. W. 2008. Mefenoxam sensitivity and fitness analysis of Phytophthora nicotianae isolates from nurseries in Virginia, USA. Plant Pathology, 57:728-736. Hwang, J., and Benson, D. M. 2005. Identification, mefenoxam sensitivity, and compatibility type of Phytophthora spp. attacking floriculture crops in North Carolina. Plant Disease, 89:185-190. Jeffers, S. N., Aldwinckle, H. S., Burr, T. J., and Arneson, P. A. 1981. Excised Twig Assay for the Study of Apple Tree Crown Rot Pathogens In Vitro. Plant Disease, 65:823-825. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2010, First report of root and crown rot of almond caused by Phytophthora spp. in Turkey. Plant Disease, 94:1261. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2011a. First report of Phytophthora taxon niederhauserii causing decline of almond in Turkey. New Disease Reports, 23:14. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2011b. Phytophthora spp. determined in almond and apple orchards in Turkey. Proceedings of the Fourth Plant Protection Congress of Turkey, Kahramanmaraş, 2011, 87. Kurbetli, İ., and Değirmenci, K. 2012. Phytophthora spp. causing root and crown rot of almond in Central Anatolian region in Turkey. Plant Protection Bulletin, 52:299-312. Kurbetli, İ., and Ozan, S. 2013. Occurrence of Phytophthora Root and Stem Rot of Kiwifruit in Turkey. Journal of Phytopathology, 161:887-889. Olson, H. A., Jeffers, S. N., Ivors, K. L., Steddom, K. C., Williams-Woodward, J. L., Mmbaga, M. T., Benson, D. M., and Hong, C. X. 2013. Diversity and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Phytophthora spp. Associated with the Ornamental Horticulture Industry in the Southeastern United States. Plant Disease, 97:86-92. Parra, G., and Ristaino, J. B. 2001. Resistance to mefenoxam and metalaxyl among field isolates of Phytophthora capsici causing Phytophthora blight of bell pepper. Plant Disease, 85:1069-1075. Perez-Sierra, A., Leon, M., Alvarez, A., Alaniz, S., Berbegal, M., Garcia-Jimenez, J., and Abad-Campos, P. 2010. Outbreak of a new Phytophthora sp. associated with severe decline of almond trees in eastern Spain. Plant Disease, 94:534-541. Saitou, N., and Nei, M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4:406-425. Scott, E. S., Wicks, T. J., and Lee, T. C. 1992. The development of an assay for resistance to Phytophthora cambivora in almond rootstocks using shoots excised from tissue cultures. Plant Pathology, 41:639-645. Tamura, K., Nei, M., and Kumar, S. 2004. Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 11030-11035. Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., and Kumar, S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30:2725-2729. Taylor, R. J., Salas, B., Secor, G. A., Rivera, V., and Gudmestad, N. C. 2002. Sensitivity of North American isolates of Phytophthora erythroseptica and Pythium ultimum to mefenoxam (metalaxyl). Plant Disease, 86:797-802. White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., and Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Pages 315-322. In: PCR, A Guide to methods and Applications. Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Snisky JJ, White TJ, eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Wicks, T. J., Lee, T. C., and Scott, E. S. 1997. Phytophthora crown rot of almonds in Australia. EPPO Bulletin, 27:501-506.
There are 1 citations in total.
Details
| Journal Section | Articles |
|---|---|
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2016 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2016 Volume: 45 Issue: 1 |
Cite
Türkiye Fitopatoloji Derneği | http://www.fitopatoloji.org.tr