Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing
Abstract
This research primarily focuses on the mechanical properties of specimens produced using Polylactic Acid (PLA) through the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique, a method of 3D printing. Within the scope of this study, specimens were fabricated using various fill percentages and different infill patterns. The simultaneous effect of variable parameters on mechanical properties is a challenging task, and it is aimed to rank the importance of the parameters, model the process, and finally validate the models using tensile and bending experiments. The results show that samples with a Concentric pattern and 95% fill rate exhibited the highest tensile strength with an average of 48.67 MPa. In contrast, the Triangle pattern with 20% infill ratio showed the lowest tensile strength with an average of 14.15 MPa. When evaluating flexural strength values, the Concentric design with a 95% fill ratio stood out once again, recording an average peak value of 79.94 MPa. Meanwhile, the Honeycomb pattern at 20% infill ratio exhibited the lowest strength value measured with an average of 23.3 MPa. Scanning Electron Microscope images taken according to infill rates confirm each other with the voids formed and mechanical performance outputs. These findings underscore that the mechanical attributes of PLA specimens produced using 3D printing technology can significantly vary based on the chosen fill rate and pattern.
Project Number
KÜBAP-01/2022-38
References
- Benamira M, Benhassin N, Ayad A, Dekhane A. 2023. Investigation of printing parameters effects on mechanical and failure properties of 3D printed PLA. Eng Fail Anal, 148: 107218.
- Bian YH, Yu G, Zhao X, Li SX, He XL, Tian CX, Li ZY. 2023. Exit morphology and mechanical property of FDM printed PLA: influence of hot melt extrusion process. Adv Manuf, 11(1): 56-74.
- Dudescu C, Racz L. 2017. Effects of raster orientation, infill rate and infill pattern on the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials. ACTA Univ Cibiniensis, 69(1): 23-30.
- Hamat S, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Yidris N, Hussin MS, Abd Manan MS. 2023. Influence of filament fabrication parameter on tensile strength and filament size of 3D printing PLA-3D850. Mater Today-Proc, 74: 457-461.
- Kartal F, Kaptan A. 2023. Investigating the Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Tensile Strength in 3D-Printed PLA Parts. BSJ Eng Sci, 6(3): 276-287.
- Kechagias JD, Vidakis N, Petousis M, Mountakis N. 2023. A multi-parametric process evaluation of the mechanical response of PLA in FFF 3D printing. Mater Manuf Proces, 38(8): 941-953.
- Lalegani Dezaki M, Ariffin MKAM, Serjouei A, Zolfagharian A, Hatami S, Bodaghi M. 2021. Influence of infill patterns generated by CAD and FDM 3D printer on surface roughness and tensile strength properties. Appl Sci, 11(16): 7272.
- Mayén J, Gallegos-Melgar, ADC, Pereyra I, Poblano-Salas CA, Hernández-Hernández M, Betancourt-Cantera JA, Monroy MDA. 2022. Descriptive and inferential study of hardness, fatigue life, and crack propagation on PLA 3D-printed parts. Mater Today Commun, 32: 103948.
- Moradi M, Aminzade A, Rahmatabadi D, Hakimi A. 2021. Experimental investigation on mechanical characterization of 3D printed PLA produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Mater Res Express, 8(3): 035304.
- Özsoy K., Aksoy B. 2022. Real-time data analysis with artificial intelligence in parts manufactured by FDM printer using image processing method. J Test Eval, 50(1): 629-645.
- Özsoy K., Aksoy B., Bayrakçı HC. 2022. Optimization of thermal modeling using machine learning techniques in fused deposition modeling 3-D printing. J Test Eval, 50(1): 613-628.
- Pandzic A, Hodzic D, Milovanovic A. 2019. Effect of infill type and density on tensile properties of plamaterial for fdm process. Ann DAAAM, 30.
- Şirin Ş, Aslan E, Akincioğlu G. 2023. Effects of 3D-printed PLA material with different filling densities on coefficient of friction performance. Rapid Prototyp J, 29(1): 157-165.
- Wittbrodt B, Pearce JM. 2015. The effects of PLA color on material properties of 3-D printed components. Addidtive Manufact, 8: 110-116.
- Wu W, Geng P, Li G, Zhao D, Zhang H, Zhao J. 2015. Influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK and a comparative mechanical study between PEEK and ABS. Materials, 8(9): 5834-5846.
Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing
Abstract
This research primarily focuses on the mechanical properties of specimens produced using Polylactic Acid (PLA) through the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique, a method of 3D printing. Within the scope of this study, specimens were fabricated using various fill percentages and different infill patterns. The simultaneous effect of variable parameters on mechanical properties is a challenging task, and it is aimed to rank the importance of the parameters, model the process, and finally validate the models using tensile and bending experiments. The results show that samples with a Concentric pattern and 95% fill rate exhibited the highest tensile strength with an average of 48.67 MPa. In contrast, the Triangle pattern with 20% infill ratio showed the lowest tensile strength with an average of 14.15 MPa. When evaluating flexural strength values, the Concentric design with a 95% fill ratio stood out once again, recording an average peak value of 79.94 MPa. Meanwhile, the Honeycomb pattern at 20% infill ratio exhibited the lowest strength value measured with an average of 23.3 MPa. Scanning Electron Microscope images taken according to infill rates confirm each other with the voids formed and mechanical performance outputs. These findings underscore that the mechanical attributes of PLA specimens produced using 3D printing technology can significantly vary based on the chosen fill rate and pattern.
Ethical Statement
The study does not cover the field of ethical principles.
Supporting Institution
Kastamonu University
Project Number
KÜBAP-01/2022-38
Thanks
We would like to thank Kastamonu University Scientific Research Coordinatorship for supporting this study with project number KÜBAP-01/2022-38.
References
- Benamira M, Benhassin N, Ayad A, Dekhane A. 2023. Investigation of printing parameters effects on mechanical and failure properties of 3D printed PLA. Eng Fail Anal, 148: 107218.
- Bian YH, Yu G, Zhao X, Li SX, He XL, Tian CX, Li ZY. 2023. Exit morphology and mechanical property of FDM printed PLA: influence of hot melt extrusion process. Adv Manuf, 11(1): 56-74.
- Dudescu C, Racz L. 2017. Effects of raster orientation, infill rate and infill pattern on the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials. ACTA Univ Cibiniensis, 69(1): 23-30.
- Hamat S, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Yidris N, Hussin MS, Abd Manan MS. 2023. Influence of filament fabrication parameter on tensile strength and filament size of 3D printing PLA-3D850. Mater Today-Proc, 74: 457-461.
- Kartal F, Kaptan A. 2023. Investigating the Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Tensile Strength in 3D-Printed PLA Parts. BSJ Eng Sci, 6(3): 276-287.
- Kechagias JD, Vidakis N, Petousis M, Mountakis N. 2023. A multi-parametric process evaluation of the mechanical response of PLA in FFF 3D printing. Mater Manuf Proces, 38(8): 941-953.
- Lalegani Dezaki M, Ariffin MKAM, Serjouei A, Zolfagharian A, Hatami S, Bodaghi M. 2021. Influence of infill patterns generated by CAD and FDM 3D printer on surface roughness and tensile strength properties. Appl Sci, 11(16): 7272.
- Mayén J, Gallegos-Melgar, ADC, Pereyra I, Poblano-Salas CA, Hernández-Hernández M, Betancourt-Cantera JA, Monroy MDA. 2022. Descriptive and inferential study of hardness, fatigue life, and crack propagation on PLA 3D-printed parts. Mater Today Commun, 32: 103948.
- Moradi M, Aminzade A, Rahmatabadi D, Hakimi A. 2021. Experimental investigation on mechanical characterization of 3D printed PLA produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Mater Res Express, 8(3): 035304.
- Özsoy K., Aksoy B. 2022. Real-time data analysis with artificial intelligence in parts manufactured by FDM printer using image processing method. J Test Eval, 50(1): 629-645.
- Özsoy K., Aksoy B., Bayrakçı HC. 2022. Optimization of thermal modeling using machine learning techniques in fused deposition modeling 3-D printing. J Test Eval, 50(1): 613-628.
- Pandzic A, Hodzic D, Milovanovic A. 2019. Effect of infill type and density on tensile properties of plamaterial for fdm process. Ann DAAAM, 30.
- Şirin Ş, Aslan E, Akincioğlu G. 2023. Effects of 3D-printed PLA material with different filling densities on coefficient of friction performance. Rapid Prototyp J, 29(1): 157-165.
- Wittbrodt B, Pearce JM. 2015. The effects of PLA color on material properties of 3-D printed components. Addidtive Manufact, 8: 110-116.
- Wu W, Geng P, Li G, Zhao D, Zhang H, Zhao J. 2015. Influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK and a comparative mechanical study between PEEK and ABS. Materials, 8(9): 5834-5846.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Material Design and Behaviors |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | KÜBAP-01/2022-38 |
| Early Pub Date | February 25, 2024 |
| Publication Date | March 15, 2024 |
| Submission Date | November 9, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | January 22, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
