Mechanical Performance of Salvadora Persical (Miswak) Reinforced Polylactic Acid Matrix Composites for Three Dimensional Printing
Abstract
This study examines the mechanical performance of polylactic acid (PLA) matrix composites reinforced with Salvadora Persica (Miswak). With the increasing use of environmentally friendly materials, researchers are focusing on the production of biodegradable materials. However, incompatibility between PLA and filler materials used in PLA composites causes mechanical problems during production. This study deals with the production and characterization of PLA composites containing lignocellulosic and inorganic fillers using maleic anhydride grafted polylactic acid (PLA/g/MA) as a matrix. The aim of the research is to examine the mechanical specifications of Miswak powder reinforced PLA composites and to evaluate their suitability for practical applications. PLA was used as the matrix material and PLA/g/MA was used as the compatibilizer. Composites containing Miswak powder at different weight concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy along with tensile and bending tests. The obtained results showed that different Miswak concentrations affect the mechanical specifications of the composites. Composites at 5% concentration demonstrated excellent interlayer adhesion and high mechanical strength, demonstrating favorable mechanical specifications. The findings show that Miswak powder is a potential filling material to improve the mechanical specifications of PLA composites and provide antimicrobial benefits. The results of this study shed light on the mechanical performance of Miswak reinforced PLA matrix composites, which are promising for 3D printing applications. In addition, it is stated that the materials used, such as natural filling materials, contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly materials by reducing the environmental impact.
Keywords
Salvadora Persica Miswak powder Polylactic acid PLA composites Mechanical specifications 3D printing
Supporting Institution
Kastamonu University Scientific Research Coordinatorship
Project Number
KÜBAP-01/2022-38.
Thanks
We would like to thank Kastamonu University Scientific Research Coordinatorship for supporting this study with project number KÜBAP-01/2022-38.
References
- Açıkbaş, G. 2022. Misvak, borik asit ve porselen atiği takviyeli polyester matrisli kompozitler. El-Cezeri, 9(1): 335-349.
- Almas K. 2002. The effect of salvadora persica extract (miswak) and chlorhexidine gluconate on human dentin: A SEM study. J Contemporary Dental Practice, 3(3): 27-35.
- Avérous L. 2008. Polylactic acid: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Monomers, Polymers Composit Renew Resourc, 2008: 433-450.
- Baeshen HA, Lingawi MM, Bajonaid AM, Al-Malik MI. 2017. Oral hygiene habits among Saudi Arabian infants and toddlers in Riyadh city. J Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 41(4): 301-305.
- Bramantoro T, Bramantoro T, Primasari S, Tondas AE, Putri MA. 2018. Salvadora Persica extract chewing stick: Physical and mechanical properties. Indian J Dental Res, 29(2): 151-156.
- Chaaben R, Taktak R, Mnif B, Guermazi N, Elleuch K. 2022. Innovative biocomposite development based on the incorporation of Salvadora Persica in acrylic resin for dental material. J Thermoplastic Composite Mater, 35(11): 1815-1831.
- Chauhan AS, Chauhan VS, Choudhury PK. 2020. Comparative evaluation of Miswak chewing stick (Salvadora Persica) and conventional toothbrush on oral hygiene status: A clinical study. J Family Med Primary Care, 9(2): 924-929.
- Dar-Odeh N, Alnazzawi A, Shayyab M, Abu-Hammad S. 2019. Oral health awareness and practices among university students in Jordan. J Inter Soc Prevent Commun Dentistry, 9(6): 595-602.
- Darout IA, Christy AA, Skaug N, Egeberg PK. 2000, Identification and quantification of some potentially antimicrobial anionic components in Miswak extract. Ind J Pharmacol, 32: 11-14.
- Dutta S, Shaikh, A, 2012. The active chemical constituent and biological activity of Salvadora Persica (Miswak). Int J Curr Pharmaceut Rev Res, 3(1): 1-14.
- Garlotta D. 2001. A Literature review of Poly(lactic acid). J Polymers Environ, 9(2): 63-84.
- Hassan EA, Hassan ML. 2019. Lignocellulosic fibers reinforced polylactic acid composites: a review. Polymer Composit, 40(S1): E62-E82.
- Khalaf HAR. 2013. Effect of siwak on certain mechanical properties of acrylic resin. J Oral Res, 1(1): 39-49.
- Nur Diyana AF, Khalina A, Sapuan MS, Lee CH, Aisyah HA, Nurazzi MN, Ayu RS. 2022. Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties and characterization of natural fiber composites reinforced poly (lactic acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) fibers. Inter J Polymer Sci, 2022: 273.
- Oleiwi JK, Salih SI, Fadhil HS. 2017. Effect of siwak and bamboo fibers on tensile properties of self-cure acrylic resin used for denture applications. J Mater Sci Engin, 6(5): 1-6.
- Pérez, E. 2021. Mechanical performance of in vitro degraded polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite composites. J Mater Sci, 56: 19915-19935.
- Rafiqah SA, Diyana AN, Abdan K, Sapuan SM. 2023. Effect of alkaline treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of miswak (Salvadora Persica) fiber-reinforced polylactic acid. Polymers, 15(9): 2228.
- Rujitanaroj PO, Petchwattana N, Rujitanaroj P. 2015. Advances in packaging materials: perspectives on polylactic acid (PLA) and derived nanocomposites. AIMS Mater Sci, 2(4): 418-428.
- Savaş S. 2019. Structural properties and mechanical performance of Salvadora Persica L. (Miswak) reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymer Composit, 40(S1): E663-E677.
- Savaş S., 2018. Misvak’ın Abrazif Aşınma Özellikleri ve Diş Hekimliği Protez Kaide Malzemelerinde Takviye Fazı Olarak Kullanımı. Afyon Kocatepe Üniv Fen Müh Bilim Derg, 18(3): 1043-1057.
- Sher H, Al-Yemeni MN, Masrahi YS, Shah AH. 2010, Ethnomedicinal and ethnoecological evaluation of Salvadora Persica L.: A threatened medicinal plant in Arabian Peninsula. J Med Plants Res, 4(12): 1209-1215.
- Winarni DI, Rakhmawati RA, Wibowo A, Soeroso Y. 2019. Efficacy of Miswak extract mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontoped Clínica Integr, 19(1): 1-7.
- Zhang Y, Jiang L. 2018. Advances in the development of PLA composites: a review. J Mater Sci, 53(15): 8109-8131.
Mechanical Performance of Salvadora Persical (Miswak) Reinforced Polylactic Acid Matrix Composites for Three Dimensional Printing
Abstract
This study examines the mechanical performance of polylactic acid (PLA) matrix composites reinforced with Salvadora Persica (Miswak). With the increasing use of environmentally friendly materials, researchers are focusing on the production of biodegradable materials. However, incompatibility between PLA and filler materials used in PLA composites causes mechanical problems during production. This study deals with the production and characterization of PLA composites containing lignocellulosic and inorganic fillers using maleic anhydride grafted polylactic acid (PLA/g/MA) as a matrix. The aim of the research is to examine the mechanical specifications of Miswak powder reinforced PLA composites and to evaluate their suitability for practical applications. PLA was used as the matrix material and PLA/g/MA was used as the compatibilizer. Composites containing Miswak powder at different weight concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy along with tensile and bending tests. The obtained results showed that different Miswak concentrations affect the mechanical specifications of the composites. Composites at 5% concentration demonstrated excellent interlayer adhesion and high mechanical strength, demonstrating favorable mechanical specifications. The findings show that Miswak powder is a potential filling material to improve the mechanical specifications of PLA composites and provide antimicrobial benefits. The results of this study shed light on the mechanical performance of Miswak reinforced PLA matrix composites, which are promising for 3D printing applications. In addition, it is stated that the materials used, such as natural filling materials, contribute to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly materials by reducing the environmental impact.
Keywords
Salvadora Persica Miswak powder Polylactic acid PLA composites Mechanical specifications 3D printing
Project Number
KÜBAP-01/2022-38.
References
- Açıkbaş, G. 2022. Misvak, borik asit ve porselen atiği takviyeli polyester matrisli kompozitler. El-Cezeri, 9(1): 335-349.
- Almas K. 2002. The effect of salvadora persica extract (miswak) and chlorhexidine gluconate on human dentin: A SEM study. J Contemporary Dental Practice, 3(3): 27-35.
- Avérous L. 2008. Polylactic acid: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Monomers, Polymers Composit Renew Resourc, 2008: 433-450.
- Baeshen HA, Lingawi MM, Bajonaid AM, Al-Malik MI. 2017. Oral hygiene habits among Saudi Arabian infants and toddlers in Riyadh city. J Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 41(4): 301-305.
- Bramantoro T, Bramantoro T, Primasari S, Tondas AE, Putri MA. 2018. Salvadora Persica extract chewing stick: Physical and mechanical properties. Indian J Dental Res, 29(2): 151-156.
- Chaaben R, Taktak R, Mnif B, Guermazi N, Elleuch K. 2022. Innovative biocomposite development based on the incorporation of Salvadora Persica in acrylic resin for dental material. J Thermoplastic Composite Mater, 35(11): 1815-1831.
- Chauhan AS, Chauhan VS, Choudhury PK. 2020. Comparative evaluation of Miswak chewing stick (Salvadora Persica) and conventional toothbrush on oral hygiene status: A clinical study. J Family Med Primary Care, 9(2): 924-929.
- Dar-Odeh N, Alnazzawi A, Shayyab M, Abu-Hammad S. 2019. Oral health awareness and practices among university students in Jordan. J Inter Soc Prevent Commun Dentistry, 9(6): 595-602.
- Darout IA, Christy AA, Skaug N, Egeberg PK. 2000, Identification and quantification of some potentially antimicrobial anionic components in Miswak extract. Ind J Pharmacol, 32: 11-14.
- Dutta S, Shaikh, A, 2012. The active chemical constituent and biological activity of Salvadora Persica (Miswak). Int J Curr Pharmaceut Rev Res, 3(1): 1-14.
- Garlotta D. 2001. A Literature review of Poly(lactic acid). J Polymers Environ, 9(2): 63-84.
- Hassan EA, Hassan ML. 2019. Lignocellulosic fibers reinforced polylactic acid composites: a review. Polymer Composit, 40(S1): E62-E82.
- Khalaf HAR. 2013. Effect of siwak on certain mechanical properties of acrylic resin. J Oral Res, 1(1): 39-49.
- Nur Diyana AF, Khalina A, Sapuan MS, Lee CH, Aisyah HA, Nurazzi MN, Ayu RS. 2022. Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties and characterization of natural fiber composites reinforced poly (lactic acid): Miswak (Salvadora Persica L.) fibers. Inter J Polymer Sci, 2022: 273.
- Oleiwi JK, Salih SI, Fadhil HS. 2017. Effect of siwak and bamboo fibers on tensile properties of self-cure acrylic resin used for denture applications. J Mater Sci Engin, 6(5): 1-6.
- Pérez, E. 2021. Mechanical performance of in vitro degraded polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite composites. J Mater Sci, 56: 19915-19935.
- Rafiqah SA, Diyana AN, Abdan K, Sapuan SM. 2023. Effect of alkaline treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of miswak (Salvadora Persica) fiber-reinforced polylactic acid. Polymers, 15(9): 2228.
- Rujitanaroj PO, Petchwattana N, Rujitanaroj P. 2015. Advances in packaging materials: perspectives on polylactic acid (PLA) and derived nanocomposites. AIMS Mater Sci, 2(4): 418-428.
- Savaş S. 2019. Structural properties and mechanical performance of Salvadora Persica L. (Miswak) reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymer Composit, 40(S1): E663-E677.
- Savaş S., 2018. Misvak’ın Abrazif Aşınma Özellikleri ve Diş Hekimliği Protez Kaide Malzemelerinde Takviye Fazı Olarak Kullanımı. Afyon Kocatepe Üniv Fen Müh Bilim Derg, 18(3): 1043-1057.
- Sher H, Al-Yemeni MN, Masrahi YS, Shah AH. 2010, Ethnomedicinal and ethnoecological evaluation of Salvadora Persica L.: A threatened medicinal plant in Arabian Peninsula. J Med Plants Res, 4(12): 1209-1215.
- Winarni DI, Rakhmawati RA, Wibowo A, Soeroso Y. 2019. Efficacy of Miswak extract mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontoped Clínica Integr, 19(1): 1-7.
- Zhang Y, Jiang L. 2018. Advances in the development of PLA composites: a review. J Mater Sci, 53(15): 8109-8131.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Material Design and Behaviors |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | KÜBAP-01/2022-38. |
| Early Pub Date | October 5, 2023 |
| Publication Date | October 15, 2023 |
| Submission Date | July 15, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | September 18, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 4 |
