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Plant Nutrients: Sources, Functions, Deficiencies and Redundancy

Year 2017, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 218 - 228, 01.06.2017

Abstract

Plant nutrients are one of the comprehensive and important
issues in the soil chemistry. Like other living things, plants need various nutrients
in different proportions to maintain their lives. Plants can absorb at least 90
different nutrients from air, water and soil. Some of these elements are needed
for growth and development, the others are beneficial elements for stimulating growth
and development. Therefore, it can be said that from 16 up to 20 elements are
requisite for plant growth and development whereas the others are beneficial elements.
Each of the plant nutrients assists different plant functions which support
plant growth and development. Therefore, elements are divided into two groups
based on their amount in the plant; macro
and micro
nutrients. Carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and
sulfur are known as macro nutrients. In a group of micro nutrients are iron,
chlorine, copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron and nickel.

References

  • Brady NC (1990) The nature and properties of soils. 10th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, USA.
  • Brown PH, Welch RM, Cary EE (1987) Nickel: A micronutrient essential for higher plants. Plant Physiol 85:801–803.
  • Bergmann W (1992) Nutritional disordes of plants. Development, visual and analytical diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Stuttgart, New York.
  • Begon M, Townsend CR, Harper JL (2006) Ecology from individuals to ecosystems. Fourth Edition. Oxford, Blackwell, UK.
  • Boşgelmez A, Boşgelmez İİ, Savaşçı S, Paslı N (2001) Ekoloji – II (Toprak), Başkent Klişe Matbaacılık, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Brady NC (1990) The nature and properties of soils. 10th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, USA.
  • Brown PH, Welch RM, Cary EE (1987) Nickel: A micronutrient essential for higher plants. Plant Physiol 85:801–803.
  • Brown PH, Welch RM, Madison JT (1990) Effect of nickel deficiency on soluble anion amino acid and nitrogen levels in barley. Plant Soil 125:19–27.
  • Coyne MS, Thompson JA (2006) Fundamental soil science. Delmar Learning, Clifton Park, New York.
  • Çepel N (1996) Toprak ilmi. İÜ Yayın No 3945, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 438. İstanbul.
  • Epstein E, Bloom A (2005) Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and perspectives. 2nd Edition, Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, USA.
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Jones CA (2011) Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops. Third Edition, CRC Pres, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Fageria NK (2009) The use of nutrients in crop plants. CRC Pres, Boca Raton, Florida, New York.
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Clark, RB (2002) Micronutrient in crop production. Adv Agron 77:185–268.
  • Foth HD (1984) Fundamentals of soil science. 7th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  • Gardiner DT, Miller RW (2008) soils in our environment. 11th Edition. Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Hill, Ne Jersey, USA.
  • Gerendas J, Polacco JC, Freyermuth SK, Sattelmacher B (1999) Significance of nickel for plant growth and metabolism. J Plant Nutr Soil Sc 162 (3): 241-256.
  • Güzel N, Gülüt KY, Büyük G (2004) Toprak verimliliği ve gübreler. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 246, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: A-80, Adana.
  • Havlin JL, Beaton JD, Tisdale SL, Nelson WL (1999) Soil fertility and fertilizers. 6th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.
  • Jones C, Jacobsen J (2001) Plant nutrition and soil fertility. Nutrient management module 2. Montana State University Extension Service. Publication, 4449-2.
  • Kacar B, Katkat V (2010) Bitki besleme. 5. Baskı, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Kantarcı MD (2000) Toprak ilmi. İÜ Toprak İlmi ve Ekoloji Anabilim Dalı, İ Ü Yayın No. 4261, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No. 462, İstanbul, 420 s.
  • McCauley A, Jones C, Jacobsen J (2009) Nutrient Management. Nutrient management module 9 Montana State University Extension Service. Publication, 4449-9, p.1-16.
  • Mengel K, Kirkby EA (2001) Principles of plant nutrition. 5th Edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
  • Özbek H, Kaya Z, Gök M, Kaptan H (2001) Toprak bilimi. 5. Baskı, ÇÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No A-16, Adana.
  • Plaster EJ (1992) Soil science and management. 2 nd. Edition, Delmar Publishers Inc., Albany, New York, USA.
  • Rice RW (2007) The physiological role of minerals in the plant. In: Datnoff LE, Elmer WH, Huber DM (eds) Mineral nutrition and plant disease, St. Paul, Minnesota: The American Phytopathological Society, pp 9–29.
  • Wild A (1993) Soils and the environment: an introduction. First Edition, Cambridge University Pres, UK.
  • White RE (2006) Principles and practice of soil science: the soil as a natural resource. 4th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, London, United Kingdom.

Bitki Besin Elementleri: Kaynakları, İşlevleri, Eksik ve Fazlalıkları

Year 2017, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 218 - 228, 01.06.2017

Abstract

Bitki besin elementleri
toprak kimyasının en geniş ve önemli konularından birini oluşturmaktadır.
Bitkiler de diğer canlılar gibi yaşamlarını sürdürebilmek için farklı oranlarda
çeşitli bitki besin elementlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bitkiler en azından 90
farklı elementi havadan, sudan ve topraktan absorbe etmektedir. Bu
elementlerden bir kısmı bitkinin büyüyebilmesi ve gelişebilmesi için zorunlu olarak
ihtiyaç duyduğu elementlerdir, bir kısmı ise bitkinin büyüme ve gelişmesinde
faydalı olan elementlerdir. Bu açıdan değerlendirildiğinde 16 ile 20 arasında
değişen elementin bitkinin büyüme ve gelişmesinde zorunlu diğerlerinin ise
faydalı element olduğu söylenebilir. Her bir besin elementi bitkinin büyüme ve
gelişmesini sağlayan farklı bitki fonksiyonlarına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu
yüzden elementler, bitkilerdeki miktarlarına göre genel olarak “makro” ve “mikro” bitki besin elementleri olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Karbon,
hidrojen, oksijen, azot, potasyum kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum ve kükürt makro
besin elementi olarak bilinmektedir. Mikro besin elementleri ise demir, klor,
bakır, mangan, çinko, molibden, bor ve nikel’dir.

References

  • Brady NC (1990) The nature and properties of soils. 10th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, USA.
  • Brown PH, Welch RM, Cary EE (1987) Nickel: A micronutrient essential for higher plants. Plant Physiol 85:801–803.
  • Bergmann W (1992) Nutritional disordes of plants. Development, visual and analytical diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, Stuttgart, New York.
  • Begon M, Townsend CR, Harper JL (2006) Ecology from individuals to ecosystems. Fourth Edition. Oxford, Blackwell, UK.
  • Boşgelmez A, Boşgelmez İİ, Savaşçı S, Paslı N (2001) Ekoloji – II (Toprak), Başkent Klişe Matbaacılık, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Brady NC (1990) The nature and properties of soils. 10th Ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, USA.
  • Brown PH, Welch RM, Cary EE (1987) Nickel: A micronutrient essential for higher plants. Plant Physiol 85:801–803.
  • Brown PH, Welch RM, Madison JT (1990) Effect of nickel deficiency on soluble anion amino acid and nitrogen levels in barley. Plant Soil 125:19–27.
  • Coyne MS, Thompson JA (2006) Fundamental soil science. Delmar Learning, Clifton Park, New York.
  • Çepel N (1996) Toprak ilmi. İÜ Yayın No 3945, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 438. İstanbul.
  • Epstein E, Bloom A (2005) Mineral nutrition of plants: principles and perspectives. 2nd Edition, Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, USA.
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Jones CA (2011) Growth and mineral nutrition of field crops. Third Edition, CRC Pres, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Fageria NK (2009) The use of nutrients in crop plants. CRC Pres, Boca Raton, Florida, New York.
  • Fageria NK, Baligar VC, Clark, RB (2002) Micronutrient in crop production. Adv Agron 77:185–268.
  • Foth HD (1984) Fundamentals of soil science. 7th Ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
  • Gardiner DT, Miller RW (2008) soils in our environment. 11th Edition. Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle Hill, Ne Jersey, USA.
  • Gerendas J, Polacco JC, Freyermuth SK, Sattelmacher B (1999) Significance of nickel for plant growth and metabolism. J Plant Nutr Soil Sc 162 (3): 241-256.
  • Güzel N, Gülüt KY, Büyük G (2004) Toprak verimliliği ve gübreler. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No: 246, Ders Kitapları Yayın No: A-80, Adana.
  • Havlin JL, Beaton JD, Tisdale SL, Nelson WL (1999) Soil fertility and fertilizers. 6th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.
  • Jones C, Jacobsen J (2001) Plant nutrition and soil fertility. Nutrient management module 2. Montana State University Extension Service. Publication, 4449-2.
  • Kacar B, Katkat V (2010) Bitki besleme. 5. Baskı, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım Tic. Ltd. Şti, Kızılay-Ankara.
  • Kantarcı MD (2000) Toprak ilmi. İÜ Toprak İlmi ve Ekoloji Anabilim Dalı, İ Ü Yayın No. 4261, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No. 462, İstanbul, 420 s.
  • McCauley A, Jones C, Jacobsen J (2009) Nutrient Management. Nutrient management module 9 Montana State University Extension Service. Publication, 4449-9, p.1-16.
  • Mengel K, Kirkby EA (2001) Principles of plant nutrition. 5th Edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.
  • Özbek H, Kaya Z, Gök M, Kaptan H (2001) Toprak bilimi. 5. Baskı, ÇÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Genel Yayın No 73, Ders Kitapları Yayın No A-16, Adana.
  • Plaster EJ (1992) Soil science and management. 2 nd. Edition, Delmar Publishers Inc., Albany, New York, USA.
  • Rice RW (2007) The physiological role of minerals in the plant. In: Datnoff LE, Elmer WH, Huber DM (eds) Mineral nutrition and plant disease, St. Paul, Minnesota: The American Phytopathological Society, pp 9–29.
  • Wild A (1993) Soils and the environment: an introduction. First Edition, Cambridge University Pres, UK.
  • White RE (2006) Principles and practice of soil science: the soil as a natural resource. 4th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, London, United Kingdom.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Biodiversity, Environmental Management and Policy, Sustainable Forestry
Authors

İlyas Bolat

Ömer Kara

Publication Date June 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bolat, İ., & Kara, Ö. (2017). Bitki Besin Elementleri: Kaynakları, İşlevleri, Eksik ve Fazlalıkları. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 218-228.


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