Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 118 - 134, 30.09.2023

Ömer Aydın Enis Karaarslan

https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1293702
Cited By: 3

Abstract

References

  • Turing, A. M. (1951). Can digital computers think?. The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence, 111-116.
  • IBM (2023). Natural Language Processing (NLP). https://www.ibm.com/in-en/topics/natural-language-processing
  • Hiemstra, D. (2009). Language Models. In: LIU, L., ÖZSU, M.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_923
  • Jelinek, F. (1998). Statistical methods for speech recognition. MIT press.
  • Brants, T., Popat, A. C., Xu, P., Och, F. J., & Dean, J. (2007). Large language models in machine translation.
  • Smith, S., Patwary, M., Norick, B., LeGresley, P., Rajbhandari, S., Casper, J., ... & Catanzaro, B. (2022). Using deepspeed and megatron to train megatron-turing nlg 530b, a large-scale generative language model. arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.11990.
  • Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., ... & Bengio, Y. (2014). Generative adversarial nets in advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS). Curran Associates, Inc. Red Hook, NY, USA, 2672-2680.
  • Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., ... & Bengio, Y. (2020). Generative adversarial networks. Communications of the ACM, 63(11), 139-144.
  • Erdoğan, A. (2019) GANs Nedir? Nasıl Çalışır? DevNot. https://devnot.com/2019/gans-nedir-nasil-calisir/
  • Gharakhanian, A. (2017). "Generative Adversarial Networks – Hot Topic in Machine Learning", https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/01/generative-adversarial-networks-hot-topic-machine-learning.html
  • Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., ... & Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems, 33, 1877-1901.
  • Sim, A. [@aaronsim]. (2022, October 29). Generative AI. Twitter. https://twitter.com/aaronsiim/status/1586412346817187840?s=20
  • Sim, A. [@aaronsim]. (2022, November 10). Generative AI Models. Twitter. https://twitter.com/aaronsiim/status/1590474215383531520?s=20
  • ChatGPT (2023). https://chat.openai.com/. Access date: 04.07.2023
  • Wu, C., Yin, S., Qi, W., Wang, X., Tang, Z., & Duan, N. (2023). Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.04671.
  • OpenAI (2023). GPT-4 Technical Report. https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4.pdf
  • Collins, E., Ghahramani, Z. (2021) LaMDA: our breakthrough conversation technolog. Google Blogs. https://blog.google/technology/ai/lamda/
  • Editor, M. (2023) Brad Vs ChatGPT: How Does It Work? MFAME Guru. https://mfame.guru/brad-vs-chatgpt-how-does-it-work/
  • Aydın, Ö. (2023). Google Bard Generated Literature Review: Metaverse. Journal of AI. 7(1), 1-14.
  • Rahsepar, A. A., Tavakoli, N., Kim, G. H. J., Hassani, C., Abtin, F., & Bedayat, A. (2023). How AI Responds to Common Lung Cancer Questions: ChatGPT vs Google Bard. Radiology, 307(5), e230922.
  • West, D. M. (2023). Comparing Google Bard with OpenAIs ChatGPT on political bias, facts, and morality.
  • Le, T. T. (2023). Google Bard talking about applying mindsponge theory to ADHD research.
  • Goodside, R., Papay, S. (2023) Meet Claude: Anthropic’s Rival to ChatGPT. Scale.com Blog. https://scale.com/blog/chatgpt-vs-claude
  • Bai, Y., Kadavath, S., Kundu, S., Askell, A., Kernion, J., Jones, A., ... & Kaplan, J. (2022). Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.08073.
  • Shetty, S. (2018) Facebook’s Wit.ai: Why we need yet another chatbot development framework? Packtpub. https://hub.packtpub.com/facebooks-wit-ai-why-we-need-yet-another-chatbot-development-framework/
  • Handoyo, E., Arfan, M., Soetrisno, Y. A. A., Somantri, M., Sofwan, A., & Sinuraya, E. W. (2018, September). Ticketing chatbot service using serverless NLP technology. In 2018 5th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE) (pp. 325-330). IEEE.
  • Ye, J. (2023). China's Tencent establishes team to develop ChatGPT-like product -sources. Routers. https://www.reuters.com/technology/chinas-tencent-sets-up-team-develop-chatgpt-like-product-sources-2023-02-27/
  • Altamira Expert Team. (2023). 9 Best Open-Source Alternatives to GPT-3 You Should Try. Altamira.ai. https://www.altamira.ai/blog/open-source-gpt-alternative-solutions?fbclid=IwAR2FDSsHXVQL85JS26hZU43U3keDnKjkg8hYyZVUOz1OkKkX7OkeNCk51nw
  • Benzon, W.L. (2023) ChatGPT Intimates a Tantalizing Future; Its core LLM is Organized on Multiple Levels; and it has Broken the Idea of Thinking. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4336442
  • Benzon, W.L. (2023) Discursive Competence in ChatGPT, Part 1: Talking with Dragons Version 2. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4318832
  • Benzon, W.L. (2023) A Note about Story Grammars in ChatGPT. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4324840
  • Sætra, H.S. (2023). Generative Ai: Here to Stay, But for Good?. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4330244
  • Shah, C. (2022). The Rise of AI Chat Agents and the Discourse with Dilettantes. Information Matters, Vol. 2, No. 12, 2022, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4327315
  • Lund, B., Agbaji, D. (2023). Information Literacy, Data Literacy, Privacy Literacy, and ChatGPT: Technology Literacies Align with Perspectives on Emerging Technology Adoption within Communities. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4324580 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4324580
  • Bommarito, J., Bommarito, M.J., Katz, J., Katz, D.M. (2023) Gpt as Knowledge Worker: A Zero-Shot Evaluation of (AI)CPA Capabilities. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4322372 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4322372
  • Hartmann, J., Schwenzow, J., Witte, M. (2023). The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT’s pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4316084 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4316084
  • Gozalo-Brizuela, R., & Garrido-Merchan, E. C. (2023). ChatGPT is not all you need. A State of the Art Review of large Generative AI models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.04655.
  • Azaria, A. (2022). ChatGPT Usage and Limitations. hal-03913837. Available at https://hal.science/hal-03913837/
  • ChatGPT, Perlman, A. (2022). The Implications of OpenAI’s Assistant for Legal Services and Society. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4294197 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4294197
  • Jabotinsky, H.Y., Sarel, R. (2022). Co-authoring with an AI? Ethical Dilemmas and Artificial Intelligence. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4303959 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4303959
  • Frye, B.L. (2022). Should Using an AI Text Generator to Produce Academic Writing Be Plagiarism?. Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=429228
  • Hacker, P. (2022). The European AI Liability Directives – Critique of a Half-Hearted Approach and Lessons for the Future. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4279796 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4279796
  • Baidoo-anu, D. & Owusu Ansah, L. (2023). Education in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Understanding the Potential Benefits of ChatGPT in Promoting Teaching and Learning. Journal of AI, 7 (1), 52-62. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jai/issue/77844/1337500
  • Zhai, X. (2022). ChatGPT User Experience: Implications for Education. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4312418 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312418
  • Zhai, X. (2023). ChatGPT for Next Generation Science Learning. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4331313
  • Ventayen, R.J.M. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT Generated Results: Similarity Index of Artificial Intelligence-Based Contents. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4332664
  • Avila-Chauvet, L. and Mejía, D., Acosta Quiroz, C.O. (2023) Chatgpt as a Support Tool for Online Behavioral Task Programming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4329020
  • Nisar, S., Aslam, M.S. (2023). Is ChatGPT a Good Tool for T&CM Students in Studying Pharmacology? Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4324310
  • Bommarito, M.J., Katz, D.M. (2022). GPT Takes the Bar Exam. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4314839 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4314839
  • Susnjak, T. (2022). ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity? arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.09292.
  • Cotton, D. R., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and Cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Preprint. https://doi. org/10.35542/osf. io/mrz8h.
  • Mellon, J., Bailey, J., Scott, R., Breckwoldt, J., Miori, M. (2022). Does GPT-3 know what the Most Important Issue is? Using Large Language Models to Code Open-Text Social Survey Responses at Scale. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4310154 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4310154
  • Zentner, A. (2022). Applied Innovation: Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4314180 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4314180
  • Ryznar, M. (2020). Exams in the Time of ChatGPT. Washington and Lee Law Review Online, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3684958 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684958
  • Gilson, A., Safranek, C., Huang, T., Socrates, V., Chi, L., Taylor, R. A., & Chartash, D. (2022). How Well Does ChatGPT Do When Taking the Medical Licensing Exams? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment. medRxiv, 2022-12.
  • Jeblick, K., Schachtner, B., Dexl, J., Mittermeier, A., Stüber, A. T., Topalis, J., ... & Ingrisch, M. (2022). ChatGPT Makes Medicine Easy to Swallow: An Exploratory Case Study on Simplified Radiology Reports. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.14882.
  • Shope, M. (2023). Best Practices for Disclosure and Citation When Using Artificial Intelligence Tools. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4338115
  • Bishop, L. (2023) A Computer Wrote this Paper: What ChatGPT Means for Education, Research, and Writing. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4338981 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4338981
  • Armstrong, A.B. (2023) Who’s Afraid of ChatGPT? An Examination of ChatGPT’s Implications for Legal Writing. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4336929
  • Lund, B. D., & Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: How may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library Hi Tech News.
  • Willems, J. (2023). ChatGPT at Universities – The Least of Our Concerns. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4334162
  • Uludağ, K. (2023). The Use of AI-Supported Chatbot in Psychology. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4331367
  • Kutela, B., Msechu, K., Das, S., Kidando, E. (2023). Chatgpt's Scientific Writings: A Case Study on Traffic Safety. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4329120
  • Jiao, W., Wang, W., Huang, J. T., Wang, X., & Tu, Z. (2023). Is ChatGPT a good translator? A preliminary study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.08745.
  • Aljanabi, M., Ghazi, M., Ali, A. H., & Abed, S. A. (2023). ChatGpt: Open Possibilities. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics, 4(1), 62-64.
  • Pavlik, J. V. (2023). Collaborating With ChatGPT: Considering the Implications of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Journalism and Media Education. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 10776958221149577.
  • Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2022). Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers. bioRxiv, 2022-12.
  • Marti, G. (2022). From Data to Trade: A Machine Learning Approach to Quantitative Trading. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4315362 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4315362
  • Aydın, Ö., Karaarslan, E. (2022). OpenAI ChatGPT Generated Literature Review: Digital Twin in Healthcare. In Ö. Aydın (Ed.), Emerging Computer Technologies 2 (pp. 22-31). İzmir Akademi Dernegi.
  • Aydın, Ö., Karaarslan, E., & Dutta, P. (2023). Artificial Intelligence, VR, AR and Metaverse Technologies for Human Resources Management. VR, AR and Metaverse Technologies for Human Resources Management (June 15, 2023).
  • Aydin, Ö., Karaarslan, E. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT interprets Radiological Images: GPT-4 as a Medical Doctor for a Fast Check-Up.
  • Alıcı, U. I., Oksuztepe, A., Kilincceker, O., & Karaarslan, E. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT for Smart Contract Security Testing: Discussion and Future Directions. Available at SSRN 4412215.
  • Dowling, M.M., Lucey, B.M. (2023). ChatGPT for (Finance) Research: The Bananarama Conjecture. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4322651 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4322651
  • Mertens, F. (2023). The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Decision-Making at Board Level: A Preliminary Legal Analysis. Financial Law Institute Working Paper Series 2023-01, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4339413 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4339413
  • Zaremba, A., Demir, E. (2023). ChatGPT: Unlocking the Future of NLP in Finance. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4323643
  • Chesterman, S. (2023). AI-Generated Content is Taking over the World. But Who Owns it?. NUS Law Working Paper No. 2023/002, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4321596 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4321596
  • Alshater, M. (2022) Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Academic Performance: A Case Study of ChatGPT. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4312358 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312358
  • Wenzlaff, K., Spaeth, S. (2022). Smarter than Humans? Validating how OpenAI’s ChatGPT Model Explains Crowdfunding, Alternative Finance and Community Finance. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4302443 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4302443
  • Leippold, M. (2023) Sentiment Spin: Attacking Financial Sentiment with GPT-3. Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 23-11. pp 1-11. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4337182 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4337182
  • Taylor, L. (2023). Colombian judge says he used ChatGPT in ruling. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/03/colombia-judge-chatgpt-ruling
  • Bishop, L. (2023) Can ChatGPT 'Think Like a Lawyer?' A Socratic Dialogue. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4338995 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4338995
  • Iu, K.Y., Wong, V.M. (2023). ChatGPT by OpenAI: The End of Litigation Lawyers?. Available at SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4339839
  • Choi, J.H., Hickman, K.E., Monahan, A., Schwarcz, D.B. (2023). ChatGPT Goes to Law School. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4335905
  • Cook, R. (2023) GM explores using ChatGPT in vehicles. Reuters. https://www-cnbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/www.cnbc.com/amp/2023/03/10/gm-explores-using-chatgpt-in-vehicles.html
  • Verge, (2023). Google’s AI chatbot Bard makes factual error in first demo, https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/8/23590864/google-ai-chatbot-bard-mistake-error-exoplanet-demo
  • Radar, (2022). Everything We Know About GPT-4, https://www.datacamp.com/blog/what-we-know-gpt4
  • Fung, B. (2023). Google, Microsoft, OpenAI and Anthropic announce industry group to promote safe AI development. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/tech/ai-industry-group/index.html

Is ChatGPT Leading Generative AI? What is Beyond Expectations?

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 118 - 134, 30.09.2023

Ömer Aydın Enis Karaarslan

https://doi.org/10.21541/apjess.1293702
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Generative AI has the potential to change the way we do things. The chatbot is one of the most popular implementation areas. Even though companies like Google and Meta had chatbots, ChatGPT became popular as it was made publicly available. Although ChatGPT is still in the early stages of its development, it attracted the attention of people and capital groups. It has taken the public interest; people from different fields, ages, and education levels started using ChatGPT. There have been many trials with ChatGPT. It is possible to see a lot of news and shares on the Internet. The study aims to shed light on what is happening in the literature and get an insight into the user expectations of ChatGPT and Generative AI. We also give information about the competitors of ChatGPT, such as Google’s Bard AI, Claude, Meta’s Wit.ai and Tencent’s HunyuanAide. We describe technical and structural fundamentals and try to shed light on who will win the race. We also shared information about the GPT4 version of OpenAI's ChatGPT. We share the early stage due diligence and current situation analysis for all these points. We examine preprint papers and published articles. We also included striking posts on the LinkedIn platform and a compilation of various blogs and news. We also made use of ChatGPT in editing the content of these resources of this study. We can get an insight into the people's interests through their questions submitted to ChatGPT. We can also understand the capabilities of GPT3, GPT4 and also predict further enhancements.

Keywords

OpenAI ChatGPT GPT4 Generative AI ChatGPT rivals

References

  • Turing, A. M. (1951). Can digital computers think?. The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence, 111-116.
  • IBM (2023). Natural Language Processing (NLP). https://www.ibm.com/in-en/topics/natural-language-processing
  • Hiemstra, D. (2009). Language Models. In: LIU, L., ÖZSU, M.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_923
  • Jelinek, F. (1998). Statistical methods for speech recognition. MIT press.
  • Brants, T., Popat, A. C., Xu, P., Och, F. J., & Dean, J. (2007). Large language models in machine translation.
  • Smith, S., Patwary, M., Norick, B., LeGresley, P., Rajbhandari, S., Casper, J., ... & Catanzaro, B. (2022). Using deepspeed and megatron to train megatron-turing nlg 530b, a large-scale generative language model. arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.11990.
  • Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., ... & Bengio, Y. (2014). Generative adversarial nets in advances in neural information processing systems (NIPS). Curran Associates, Inc. Red Hook, NY, USA, 2672-2680.
  • Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., ... & Bengio, Y. (2020). Generative adversarial networks. Communications of the ACM, 63(11), 139-144.
  • Erdoğan, A. (2019) GANs Nedir? Nasıl Çalışır? DevNot. https://devnot.com/2019/gans-nedir-nasil-calisir/
  • Gharakhanian, A. (2017). "Generative Adversarial Networks – Hot Topic in Machine Learning", https://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/01/generative-adversarial-networks-hot-topic-machine-learning.html
  • Brown, T., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J. D., Dhariwal, P., ... & Amodei, D. (2020). Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems, 33, 1877-1901.
  • Sim, A. [@aaronsim]. (2022, October 29). Generative AI. Twitter. https://twitter.com/aaronsiim/status/1586412346817187840?s=20
  • Sim, A. [@aaronsim]. (2022, November 10). Generative AI Models. Twitter. https://twitter.com/aaronsiim/status/1590474215383531520?s=20
  • ChatGPT (2023). https://chat.openai.com/. Access date: 04.07.2023
  • Wu, C., Yin, S., Qi, W., Wang, X., Tang, Z., & Duan, N. (2023). Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.04671.
  • OpenAI (2023). GPT-4 Technical Report. https://cdn.openai.com/papers/gpt-4.pdf
  • Collins, E., Ghahramani, Z. (2021) LaMDA: our breakthrough conversation technolog. Google Blogs. https://blog.google/technology/ai/lamda/
  • Editor, M. (2023) Brad Vs ChatGPT: How Does It Work? MFAME Guru. https://mfame.guru/brad-vs-chatgpt-how-does-it-work/
  • Aydın, Ö. (2023). Google Bard Generated Literature Review: Metaverse. Journal of AI. 7(1), 1-14.
  • Rahsepar, A. A., Tavakoli, N., Kim, G. H. J., Hassani, C., Abtin, F., & Bedayat, A. (2023). How AI Responds to Common Lung Cancer Questions: ChatGPT vs Google Bard. Radiology, 307(5), e230922.
  • West, D. M. (2023). Comparing Google Bard with OpenAIs ChatGPT on political bias, facts, and morality.
  • Le, T. T. (2023). Google Bard talking about applying mindsponge theory to ADHD research.
  • Goodside, R., Papay, S. (2023) Meet Claude: Anthropic’s Rival to ChatGPT. Scale.com Blog. https://scale.com/blog/chatgpt-vs-claude
  • Bai, Y., Kadavath, S., Kundu, S., Askell, A., Kernion, J., Jones, A., ... & Kaplan, J. (2022). Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.08073.
  • Shetty, S. (2018) Facebook’s Wit.ai: Why we need yet another chatbot development framework? Packtpub. https://hub.packtpub.com/facebooks-wit-ai-why-we-need-yet-another-chatbot-development-framework/
  • Handoyo, E., Arfan, M., Soetrisno, Y. A. A., Somantri, M., Sofwan, A., & Sinuraya, E. W. (2018, September). Ticketing chatbot service using serverless NLP technology. In 2018 5th International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE) (pp. 325-330). IEEE.
  • Ye, J. (2023). China's Tencent establishes team to develop ChatGPT-like product -sources. Routers. https://www.reuters.com/technology/chinas-tencent-sets-up-team-develop-chatgpt-like-product-sources-2023-02-27/
  • Altamira Expert Team. (2023). 9 Best Open-Source Alternatives to GPT-3 You Should Try. Altamira.ai. https://www.altamira.ai/blog/open-source-gpt-alternative-solutions?fbclid=IwAR2FDSsHXVQL85JS26hZU43U3keDnKjkg8hYyZVUOz1OkKkX7OkeNCk51nw
  • Benzon, W.L. (2023) ChatGPT Intimates a Tantalizing Future; Its core LLM is Organized on Multiple Levels; and it has Broken the Idea of Thinking. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4336442
  • Benzon, W.L. (2023) Discursive Competence in ChatGPT, Part 1: Talking with Dragons Version 2. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4318832
  • Benzon, W.L. (2023) A Note about Story Grammars in ChatGPT. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4324840
  • Sætra, H.S. (2023). Generative Ai: Here to Stay, But for Good?. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4330244
  • Shah, C. (2022). The Rise of AI Chat Agents and the Discourse with Dilettantes. Information Matters, Vol. 2, No. 12, 2022, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4327315
  • Lund, B., Agbaji, D. (2023). Information Literacy, Data Literacy, Privacy Literacy, and ChatGPT: Technology Literacies Align with Perspectives on Emerging Technology Adoption within Communities. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4324580 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4324580
  • Bommarito, J., Bommarito, M.J., Katz, J., Katz, D.M. (2023) Gpt as Knowledge Worker: A Zero-Shot Evaluation of (AI)CPA Capabilities. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4322372 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4322372
  • Hartmann, J., Schwenzow, J., Witte, M. (2023). The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT’s pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientation. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4316084 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4316084
  • Gozalo-Brizuela, R., & Garrido-Merchan, E. C. (2023). ChatGPT is not all you need. A State of the Art Review of large Generative AI models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.04655.
  • Azaria, A. (2022). ChatGPT Usage and Limitations. hal-03913837. Available at https://hal.science/hal-03913837/
  • ChatGPT, Perlman, A. (2022). The Implications of OpenAI’s Assistant for Legal Services and Society. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4294197 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4294197
  • Jabotinsky, H.Y., Sarel, R. (2022). Co-authoring with an AI? Ethical Dilemmas and Artificial Intelligence. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4303959 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4303959
  • Frye, B.L. (2022). Should Using an AI Text Generator to Produce Academic Writing Be Plagiarism?. Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=429228
  • Hacker, P. (2022). The European AI Liability Directives – Critique of a Half-Hearted Approach and Lessons for the Future. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4279796 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4279796
  • Baidoo-anu, D. & Owusu Ansah, L. (2023). Education in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): Understanding the Potential Benefits of ChatGPT in Promoting Teaching and Learning. Journal of AI, 7 (1), 52-62. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jai/issue/77844/1337500
  • Zhai, X. (2022). ChatGPT User Experience: Implications for Education. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4312418 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312418
  • Zhai, X. (2023). ChatGPT for Next Generation Science Learning. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4331313
  • Ventayen, R.J.M. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT Generated Results: Similarity Index of Artificial Intelligence-Based Contents. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4332664
  • Avila-Chauvet, L. and Mejía, D., Acosta Quiroz, C.O. (2023) Chatgpt as a Support Tool for Online Behavioral Task Programming. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4329020
  • Nisar, S., Aslam, M.S. (2023). Is ChatGPT a Good Tool for T&CM Students in Studying Pharmacology? Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4324310
  • Bommarito, M.J., Katz, D.M. (2022). GPT Takes the Bar Exam. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4314839 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4314839
  • Susnjak, T. (2022). ChatGPT: The End of Online Exam Integrity? arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.09292.
  • Cotton, D. R., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and Cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Preprint. https://doi. org/10.35542/osf. io/mrz8h.
  • Mellon, J., Bailey, J., Scott, R., Breckwoldt, J., Miori, M. (2022). Does GPT-3 know what the Most Important Issue is? Using Large Language Models to Code Open-Text Social Survey Responses at Scale. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4310154 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4310154
  • Zentner, A. (2022). Applied Innovation: Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4314180 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4314180
  • Ryznar, M. (2020). Exams in the Time of ChatGPT. Washington and Lee Law Review Online, Forthcoming, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3684958 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684958
  • Gilson, A., Safranek, C., Huang, T., Socrates, V., Chi, L., Taylor, R. A., & Chartash, D. (2022). How Well Does ChatGPT Do When Taking the Medical Licensing Exams? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment. medRxiv, 2022-12.
  • Jeblick, K., Schachtner, B., Dexl, J., Mittermeier, A., Stüber, A. T., Topalis, J., ... & Ingrisch, M. (2022). ChatGPT Makes Medicine Easy to Swallow: An Exploratory Case Study on Simplified Radiology Reports. arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.14882.
  • Shope, M. (2023). Best Practices for Disclosure and Citation When Using Artificial Intelligence Tools. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4338115
  • Bishop, L. (2023) A Computer Wrote this Paper: What ChatGPT Means for Education, Research, and Writing. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4338981 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4338981
  • Armstrong, A.B. (2023) Who’s Afraid of ChatGPT? An Examination of ChatGPT’s Implications for Legal Writing. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4336929
  • Lund, B. D., & Wang, T. (2023). Chatting about ChatGPT: How may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library Hi Tech News.
  • Willems, J. (2023). ChatGPT at Universities – The Least of Our Concerns. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4334162
  • Uludağ, K. (2023). The Use of AI-Supported Chatbot in Psychology. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4331367
  • Kutela, B., Msechu, K., Das, S., Kidando, E. (2023). Chatgpt's Scientific Writings: A Case Study on Traffic Safety. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4329120
  • Jiao, W., Wang, W., Huang, J. T., Wang, X., & Tu, Z. (2023). Is ChatGPT a good translator? A preliminary study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2301.08745.
  • Aljanabi, M., Ghazi, M., Ali, A. H., & Abed, S. A. (2023). ChatGpt: Open Possibilities. Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics, 4(1), 62-64.
  • Pavlik, J. V. (2023). Collaborating With ChatGPT: Considering the Implications of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Journalism and Media Education. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 10776958221149577.
  • Gao, C. A., Howard, F. M., Markov, N. S., Dyer, E. C., Ramesh, S., Luo, Y., & Pearson, A. T. (2022). Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers. bioRxiv, 2022-12.
  • Marti, G. (2022). From Data to Trade: A Machine Learning Approach to Quantitative Trading. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4315362 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4315362
  • Aydın, Ö., Karaarslan, E. (2022). OpenAI ChatGPT Generated Literature Review: Digital Twin in Healthcare. In Ö. Aydın (Ed.), Emerging Computer Technologies 2 (pp. 22-31). İzmir Akademi Dernegi.
  • Aydın, Ö., Karaarslan, E., & Dutta, P. (2023). Artificial Intelligence, VR, AR and Metaverse Technologies for Human Resources Management. VR, AR and Metaverse Technologies for Human Resources Management (June 15, 2023).
  • Aydin, Ö., Karaarslan, E. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT interprets Radiological Images: GPT-4 as a Medical Doctor for a Fast Check-Up.
  • Alıcı, U. I., Oksuztepe, A., Kilincceker, O., & Karaarslan, E. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT for Smart Contract Security Testing: Discussion and Future Directions. Available at SSRN 4412215.
  • Dowling, M.M., Lucey, B.M. (2023). ChatGPT for (Finance) Research: The Bananarama Conjecture. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4322651 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4322651
  • Mertens, F. (2023). The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Decision-Making at Board Level: A Preliminary Legal Analysis. Financial Law Institute Working Paper Series 2023-01, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4339413 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4339413
  • Zaremba, A., Demir, E. (2023). ChatGPT: Unlocking the Future of NLP in Finance. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4323643
  • Chesterman, S. (2023). AI-Generated Content is Taking over the World. But Who Owns it?. NUS Law Working Paper No. 2023/002, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4321596 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4321596
  • Alshater, M. (2022) Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Academic Performance: A Case Study of ChatGPT. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4312358 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4312358
  • Wenzlaff, K., Spaeth, S. (2022). Smarter than Humans? Validating how OpenAI’s ChatGPT Model Explains Crowdfunding, Alternative Finance and Community Finance. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4302443 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4302443
  • Leippold, M. (2023) Sentiment Spin: Attacking Financial Sentiment with GPT-3. Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 23-11. pp 1-11. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4337182 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4337182
  • Taylor, L. (2023). Colombian judge says he used ChatGPT in ruling. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/03/colombia-judge-chatgpt-ruling
  • Bishop, L. (2023) Can ChatGPT 'Think Like a Lawyer?' A Socratic Dialogue. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4338995 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4338995
  • Iu, K.Y., Wong, V.M. (2023). ChatGPT by OpenAI: The End of Litigation Lawyers?. Available at SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4339839
  • Choi, J.H., Hickman, K.E., Monahan, A., Schwarcz, D.B. (2023). ChatGPT Goes to Law School. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4335905
  • Cook, R. (2023) GM explores using ChatGPT in vehicles. Reuters. https://www-cnbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/www.cnbc.com/amp/2023/03/10/gm-explores-using-chatgpt-in-vehicles.html
  • Verge, (2023). Google’s AI chatbot Bard makes factual error in first demo, https://www.theverge.com/2023/2/8/23590864/google-ai-chatbot-bard-mistake-error-exoplanet-demo
  • Radar, (2022). Everything We Know About GPT-4, https://www.datacamp.com/blog/what-we-know-gpt4
  • Fung, B. (2023). Google, Microsoft, OpenAI and Anthropic announce industry group to promote safe AI development. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/26/tech/ai-industry-group/index.html
There are 87 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Artificial Intelligence
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ömer Aydın 0000-0002-7137-4881

Enis Karaarslan 0000-0002-3595-8783

Early Pub Date September 30, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date May 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

IEEE Ö. Aydın and E. Karaarslan, “Is ChatGPT Leading Generative AI? What is Beyond Expectations?”, APJESS, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 118–134, 2023, doi: 10.21541/apjess.1293702.

Cited By

ChatGPT in didactical tetrahedron, does it make an exception? A case study in mathematics teaching and learning
Frontiers in Education
https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1295413
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AI-BASED CHATBOTS: ASSESSING DATA QUALITY IN ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY RELATED PATIENT INFORMATION
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101757
AI-Powered Mental Health Virtual Assistants Acceptance: An Empirical Study on Influencing Factors Among Generations X, Y, and Z
Cureus
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49486
 Download Cover Image

Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Smart Systems