Abstract
The total amount of carbon deposited by forests is gross primary productivity (GPP), and the net amount remaining after respiration is net primary productivity (NPP). The carbon storage effectiveness of forests is determined by the NPP:GPP ratio. This ratio is carbon use efficiency (CUE), and it is important for understanding the dynamics of carbon exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere. The aim of this study is to evaluate the variation of CUE, which is commonly used as a constant value in terrestrial carbon models, in different forest types and ecoregions of Turkey. The distribution of forest types in different ecoregions of Turkey was determined and, NPP, GPP, and CUE values were calculated for the different forest types in each region in this study. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite image was obtained for NPP and GPP content of forest types. In addition that the CORINE land use classification system was used for the spatial distribution of coniferous, broad-leaved and mixed forests in Turkey. The highest mean NPP (640 gC / m-2 y-1) and GPP (856 gC / m-2 y-1) were found in coniferous forests. The lowest NPP (267 gC / m-2 y-1) and GPP (493 gC / m-2 y-1) were detected in mixed forests in the Southeastern Anatolian Transitional Region. The highest CUE value was found in the Black Sea Climatic Region (0.89). Our results showed that the CUE was not a constant value. Although the mean CUE values among forest types were close to each other, significant differences were found between ecoregions. With the findings obtained, it is recommended that the CUE value should be determined under different environmental conditions
References
- Atalay, İ. 2014. Türkiye’nin Ekolojik Bölgeleri/Ecoregions of Turkey, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Çölleşme ve Erozyonla Mücadele Genel Müdürlüğü, ISBN: 978-605-87840-6-2.
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- Clark, D.A., Piper, S.C., Keeling, C.D., Clark, D.B. 2003. Tropical rain forest tree growth and atmospheric carbon dynamics linked to interannual temperature variation during 1984–2000. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 100(10), 5852-5857.
- Collalti, A., Prentice, I.C. 2019. Is NPP proportional to GPP? Waring’s hypothesis 20 years on. Tree physiology, 39(8), 1473-1483.
- De Lucia, E., Drake, J., Thomas, R., Gonzalez-Meler, M. 2007. Forest carbon use efficiency: is a respiration a constant fraction of gross primary production? Global Change Biology, 13:1157–1167.
- Erşahin, S., Bilgili, B. C., Dikmen, Ü., Ercanli, I. 2016. Net primary productivity of Anatolian forests in relation to climate, 2000–2010. Forest Science, 62(6), 698-709.
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- GDF, 2020. Türkiye orman varlığı. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Orman İdaresi ve Planlama Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
- Gower, S.T., Kucharik, C.J., Norman, J.M. 1999. Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, fAPAR, and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems. Remote sensing of environment, 70(1), 29-51.
- Mäkelä, A., Valentine, H. 2001. The ration of NPP to GPP: evidence of change over the course of stand development. Tree Physiology, 21:1015–1030.
- Malhi, Y., Doughty, C., Galbraith, D. 2011. The allocation of ecosystem net primary productivity in tropical forests. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1582), 3225-3245.
- McCree, K., Troughton, J. 1966. Prediction of growth rate at different light levels from measured photosynthesis and respiration rates. Plant Physiology, 41:559–566.
- Ruimy, A., Dedieu, G., Saugier, B. 1996. TURC: A diagnostic model of continental gross primary productivity and net primary productivity. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10(2), 269-285.
- Seki, M., Sakıcı, O.E. 2021. Ecoregion-based height-diameter models for Crimean pine. Journal of Forest Research, 1-9.
- Tang, X., Carvalhais, N., Moura, C., Ahrens, B., Koirala, S., Fan, S., Guan, F., Zhang, W., Gao, S., Magliulo, V., Buysse, P., Liu, S., Chen, G., Yang, W., Yu, Z., Liang, J., Shi, L., Pu, S., Reichstein, M. 2019. Global variability of carbon use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems, Biogeosciences Discussions, 1-19.
- Yu, B., Chen, F. 2016. The global impact factors of net primary production in different land cover types from 2005 to 2011. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 1235.
- Zhang, M., Lin, H., Wang, G., Sun, H., Cai, Y. 2019. Estimation of vegetation productivity using a Landsat 8 time series in a heavily urbanized area, Central China. Remote Sensing, 11(2), 133.
- Zhao, M., Heinsch, F.A., Nemani, R.R., Running, S.W. 2005. Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set. Remote sensing of Environment, 95(2), 164-176.
Abstract
Ormanların biriktirdiği toplam karbon miktarı bürüt birincil üretim (GPP), solunumdan sonra kalan net miktar ise net birincil üretimdir (NPP). Ormanların karbon depolama etkinliği, NPP:GPP oranı ile belirlenir. Bu oran karbon kullanım verimliliğidir (CUE) ve biyosfer ile atmosfer arasındaki karbon değişiminin dinamiklerini anlamak için önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, karasal karbon modellerinde yaygın şekilde sabit bir değer olarak kullanılan CUE'nin Türkiye'nin farklı orman türleri ve ekolojik bölgelerindeki değişimini değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin farklı ekolojik bölgelerindeki orman türlerinin dağılımı belirlenmiş ve her bölgede farklı orman türleri için NPP, GPP ve CUE değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Orman türlerinin NPP ve GPP içeriği için Orta Çözünürlüklü Görüntüleme Spektroradyometresi (MODIS) uydu görüntüsü ile elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye'de iğne yapraklı, geniş yapraklı ve karışık ormanların konumsal dağılımı için CORINE arazi kullanım sınıflandırma sistemi kullanılmıştır. En yüksek ortalama NPP (640 gC/m-2 y-1) ve GPP (856 gC/m-2 y-1) iğne yapraklı ormanlarda bulunmuştur. En düşük NPP (267 gC/m-2 y-1) ve GPP (493 gC/m-2 y-1) Güneydoğu Anadolu Geçiş Bölgesindeki karışık ormanlarda tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek CUE değeri Karadeniz İklim Bölgesinde bulunmuştur (0.89). Bulgularımız CUE'nin sabit bir değer olmadığını göstermektedir. Orman türleri arasındaki ortalama CUE değerleri birbirine yakın olmasına rağmen, ekolojik bölgeler arasında önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularla CUE değerinin farklı çevre koşullarında belirlenmesi önerilmektedir.
References
- Atalay, İ. 2014. Türkiye’nin Ekolojik Bölgeleri/Ecoregions of Turkey, Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Çölleşme ve Erozyonla Mücadele Genel Müdürlüğü, ISBN: 978-605-87840-6-2.
- Brohan, P., Kennedy, J.J., Harris, I., Tett, S.F., Jones, P.D. 2006. Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 111(D12).
- Bulut, S. 2021. Ankara Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü saf karaçam meşcerelerinde net birincil üretim ve yaprak alan indeksinin uzaktan algılama teknikleri ile modellenmesi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 148 s.
- Clark, D.A., Piper, S.C., Keeling, C.D., Clark, D.B. 2003. Tropical rain forest tree growth and atmospheric carbon dynamics linked to interannual temperature variation during 1984–2000. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 100(10), 5852-5857.
- Collalti, A., Prentice, I.C. 2019. Is NPP proportional to GPP? Waring’s hypothesis 20 years on. Tree physiology, 39(8), 1473-1483.
- De Lucia, E., Drake, J., Thomas, R., Gonzalez-Meler, M. 2007. Forest carbon use efficiency: is a respiration a constant fraction of gross primary production? Global Change Biology, 13:1157–1167.
- Erşahin, S., Bilgili, B. C., Dikmen, Ü., Ercanli, I. 2016. Net primary productivity of Anatolian forests in relation to climate, 2000–2010. Forest Science, 62(6), 698-709.
- Field, C.B., Randerson, J.T., Malmström, C.M. 1995. Global net primary production: Combining ecology and remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ. 51, 74–88.
- GDF, 2020. Türkiye orman varlığı. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Orman İdaresi ve Planlama Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
- Gower, S.T., Kucharik, C.J., Norman, J.M. 1999. Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, fAPAR, and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems. Remote sensing of environment, 70(1), 29-51.
- Mäkelä, A., Valentine, H. 2001. The ration of NPP to GPP: evidence of change over the course of stand development. Tree Physiology, 21:1015–1030.
- Malhi, Y., Doughty, C., Galbraith, D. 2011. The allocation of ecosystem net primary productivity in tropical forests. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366(1582), 3225-3245.
- McCree, K., Troughton, J. 1966. Prediction of growth rate at different light levels from measured photosynthesis and respiration rates. Plant Physiology, 41:559–566.
- Ruimy, A., Dedieu, G., Saugier, B. 1996. TURC: A diagnostic model of continental gross primary productivity and net primary productivity. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10(2), 269-285.
- Seki, M., Sakıcı, O.E. 2021. Ecoregion-based height-diameter models for Crimean pine. Journal of Forest Research, 1-9.
- Tang, X., Carvalhais, N., Moura, C., Ahrens, B., Koirala, S., Fan, S., Guan, F., Zhang, W., Gao, S., Magliulo, V., Buysse, P., Liu, S., Chen, G., Yang, W., Yu, Z., Liang, J., Shi, L., Pu, S., Reichstein, M. 2019. Global variability of carbon use efficiency in terrestrial ecosystems, Biogeosciences Discussions, 1-19.
- Yu, B., Chen, F. 2016. The global impact factors of net primary production in different land cover types from 2005 to 2011. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 1235.
- Zhang, M., Lin, H., Wang, G., Sun, H., Cai, Y. 2019. Estimation of vegetation productivity using a Landsat 8 time series in a heavily urbanized area, Central China. Remote Sensing, 11(2), 133.
- Zhao, M., Heinsch, F.A., Nemani, R.R., Running, S.W. 2005. Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set. Remote sensing of Environment, 95(2), 164-176.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2021 |
| Submission Date | November 2, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
