New Records for Distribution of Invasive Topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) in Anatolia

The topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva is described as most invasive fish in Europe. It’s a small cyprinid fish native to East Asia. In 1982, the existence of this species was first recorded from the Thrace region of Türkiye. Todays it is recorded from Thrace to Ceyhan region. In this study was carried out Afyonkarahisar, Bilecik, Burdur, Denizli, Eskişehir, Isparta, Konya, Kütahya and Uşak provinces between 2001 and 2013. Specimens collected from various localities in these provinces. Our results are shown P. parva has invaded many freshwater systems in Türkiye. This species has a potential threat to the diversity of the ichthyofauna of Anatolia and fish farms because of causing an increased mortality pressure on some salmonids and cyprinids, and totally inhibiting spawning of existing native


Materials and Methods
Study area covers of Afyonkarahisar, Bilecik, Burdur, Denizli, Eskişehir, Isparta, Konya, Kütahya and Uşak provinces (Figure 1).Sampling was carried out at 507 stations included lakes, dams, ponds and streams by using different sampling equipment such as (gill nets, seine net, electroshocker) between 2001-2013 years.Samples were preserved in 4% formalin and collected in Eğirdir Fisheries Research Station.

Discussion
P. parva has expanded its range and has established successful populations in Turkish inland waters since 1982 (Figure 2).A discussion is how it passed the Bosphorus and Dardanelles.Its success can be explained by its life-history characteristics such as high reproductive effort and nest guarding behaviour, early sexual maturity (after 1 year), plasticity in spawning area preference, wide ecological tolerance, lack of enemy in its spreading areas and lower predation pressure due to its prefer to dense vegetated areas in littoral zone (Rosecchi et al. 2001;Gozlan et al. 2002;Witkowski 2011).
P. parva have negative impacts on the native fish fauna via competition spawning area, food and other sources (Ekmekçi et al. 2013).Additionally it is vector an deadly pathogen rosette agent Sphaerothecum destruens, which is responsible for increased mortality and inhibited spawning of some cyprinids and salmonids (Arkush et al. 1998;Gozlan et al. 2005;Pinder et al. 2005;Andreou et al. 2011Andreou et al. , 2012)).This pathogen were determined from Sarıçay Creek, Muğla in Türkiye (Ercan et al. 2013).Therefore P. parva is considered as a serious threat to both native and farmed fishes in Türkiye.
Recently control activities is focused on eradication of P. parva from natural waters in some European countries, particularly in England (Allen et al. 2006;Britton and Brazier 2006;Britton et al. 2008Britton et al. , 2009Britton et al. , 2010)).Also there are numerous researches about biological properties and genetic structure of P. parva in Türkiye (Ağdamar et al. 2013;Akbaş et al. 2013;Kırankaya et al. 2013;Özdilek et al. 2013).Anatolia is accepted as a continental land in terms of biodiversity.Initiation of an effective fight against this species is highly crucial for both freshwater fish fauna and aquaculture sector in our country.In other words, effective reduction strategies must be created and put into practice utilizing the information obtained from studies on the species.

Table 1 .
Distribution of P. parva according to provinces.